Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN - International University of Sarajevo)
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The effect of financial budgets on tightening the internal control system
Get PDFThis study seeks to provide a primary goal, which is to increase the effectiveness of financial budgets in terms of provisions of internal control over service units in terms of preparation and implementation. (lik-erT) in measuring the answers, as well as analyzing the performance of the sample through a set of indica-tors. From this, the researcher concludes that the current traditional budget focuses on financial control and does not pay attention to reviewing and evaluating the results, and because it is unable to diagnose problems and provide solutions due to the inability to follow up and evaluate the performance of government pro-grams and activities
Energy exergetic and economic analysis (3E) in a flat solar collector with thermal storage for air heating
Get PDFSolar energy has been considered as a carrier of primary energy to sustain life, representing a renewable energy resource that strengthens industrialization through its use as the main source of energy. This study evaluates the energy, exergetic and economic yields through an analytical approach applied to experimental data obtained in a flat solar collector (SAC) with paraffin as phase change material (PCM) and "V" absorber plate geometry, intended for air heating. The results of the investigation indicated that the energy, exergetic, and exergy destroyed efficiency of the SAC were 71.24%, 16.96%, and 79.66%, respectively. This research allowed us to carry out a sensitivity analysis applied to the results of the thermodynamic variables of the equipment: thermal efficiency, air mass flow and solar radiation; where an improvement in the thermody-namic yields is evidenced by obtaining a thermal efficiency of 91.25%, exergetic efficiency of 61.03% and a decrease in exergy destroyed up to 35.04% of the values obtained experimentally. Through the economic analysis, it was determined that the levelized cost of heating the SAC is 0.0927 USD/kWh, indicating that the project is economically profitable, due to the use of solar energy instead of electrical energy as an input source. Lastly, this research is expected to be a contribution that can support the authors of subsequent pro-jects interested in this technology
Based BIM techniques to clash detection for construction projects
Get PDFBuilding Information Modeling (BIM) has brought about a qualitative change in the design and management of construction projects because it represents a digital simulation of the physical characteristics of the build-ing, and this increases its efficiency before the actual construction begins. In Iraq, most construction pro-jects still use CAD two-dimensional drawing for the purpose of the implementation process, especially gov-ernment projects, and this causes many problems due to the difficulty of communication between the vari-ous disciplines involved in the design and misunderstanding during implementation. This type of problem is reduced by combining BIM drawings prepared by designers and making them into a single model. In this process of merging conflicts are found using BIM tools such as Autodesk Navisworks. There are three main types of detection. This article includes how a clash detector can help improve clashes in the design phase before starting to construct a specific building using BIM applications and focuses on hard detection type (overlap of a particular element with the others). The methodology involved in this research is to study an educational building (24-classroom model school) consisting of structural and architectural BIM models only, clash detection analysis is done using Autodesk Revit and Autodesk Navisworks Manage software
Molecular analysis of 16s-rRNA and associated gene segments for identification of probiotic phenotypes
Get PDFThe 16s-rRNA consists of hypervariable regions (V1 – V9) that demonstrate considerable sequence diver-sity among different bacteria. Species-specific sequences within a given hypervariable region constitute useful targets for diagnostic assays and other scientific investigations. Usually, the size of the gene region is 1500 bp, which is large enough to be analyzed using bioinformatic tools and applied for detection. The need to advance the knowledge of the 16s-rRNA gene segments in bacterial strains would allow better understanding and better diagnostic possibilities when dealing with them. This could also be the basis for investigation of pathogenic microorganisms
Determination of combined sibship indices using 15 STR loci and a grey zone in a small local population in central Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDFThis study investigates the genetic diversity and relatedness among a small local population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In a genetic research study, a sample of 38 individuals was collected from the village of Vukotići, consisting of 21 male and 17 female subjects. The total genomic DNA was extracted using a mod-ified Miller protocol. The QUANTIFILER DNA identification kit was used to quantify the total human DNA in the sample. The sibship relationship was assessed by computing the likelihood ratio for each of the 15 STR loci in both relatives and non-relatives. Results showed a higher homogeneity of the small local population compared to the mixed population within the larger population. Variability in peak height ob-served in the genetic analysis was attributed to differences in DNA concentration in the extracted samples. Probability of relatedness among participants in the Vukotići village was found to be low. Central tendency and variability measures revealed valuable insights into sample distribution and variation. The study con-cludes that CSI=1 and CSI=3 can be used as reliable tools to determine sibship in small local populations without a "gray zone"
Automatic image annotation system using deep learning method to analyse ambiguous images
Get PDFImage annotation has gotten a lot of attention recently because of how quickly picture data has expanded. Together with image analysis and interpretation, image annotation, which may semantically describe imag-es, has a variety of uses in allied industries including urban planning engineering. Even without big data and image identification technologies, it is challenging to manually analyze a diverse variety of photos. The improvements to the Automated Image Annotation (AIA) label system have been the subject of several scholarly research. The authors will discuss how to use image databases and the AIA system in this essay. The proposed method extracts image features from photos using an improved VGG-19, and then uses near-by features to automatically forecast picture labels. The proposed study accounts for both correlations be-tween labels and images as well as correlations within images. The number of labels is also estimated using a label quantity prediction (LQP) model, which improves label prediction precision. The suggested method addresses automatic annotation methodologies for pixel-level images of unusual things while incorporating supervisory information via interactive spherical skins. The genuine things that were converted into metada-ta and identified as being connected to pre-existing categories were categorized by the authors using a deep learning approach called a conventional neural network (CNN) - supervised. Certain object monitoring sys-tems strive for a high item detection rate (true-positive), followed by a low availability rate (false-positive). The authors created a KD-tree based on k-nearest neighbors (KNN) to speed up annotating. In order to take into account for the collected image backdrop. The proposed method transforms the conventional two-class object detection problem into a multi-class classification problem, breaking the separated and identical dis-tribution estimations on machine learning methodologies. It is also simple to use because it only requires pixel information and ignores any other supporting elements from various color schemes. The following factors are taken into consideration while comparing the five different AIA approaches: main idea, signifi-cant contribution, computational framework, computing speed, and annotation accuracy. A set of publicly accessible photos that serve as standards for assessing AIA methods is also provided, along with a brief description of the four common assessment signs
Examining the mediating role of strategic thinking on organizational performance: A quantitative analysis
Get PDFCurrently, private universities are making significant efforts to keep up with changing market demands and societal expectations, particularly in an environment that is rapidly evolving such as Baghdad, Iraq. In order to maintain high standards and achieve excellence, they must continuously seek out the most effective prac-tices and strategies for success. Strategic management has been demonstrated to be an efficient tool for en-hancing institutional performance, and the university\u27s organizational culture, which is comprised of tradi-tional institutional elements, is recognized as a significant factor in how organizations operate. Through the utilization of strategic thinking as a mediator, this research aims to evaluate and clarify how organizational culture impacts institutional excellence. A simple random sample was employed to gather information from individuals in managerial positions across multiple sections. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was em-ployed to explain the variables under examination. The outcomes and analyses reveal a high level of relative proportions for the variables under investigation and indicate an indirect relationship between the independ-ent and dependent variables. This research recommends several important suggestions and proposes addi-tional research avenues for further investigatio
Optimization of the urban green area in Erbil territory for sustainable development
Get PDFThis research paper studies the status and condition of the green areas in the city of Erbil, for this purpose all green areas in the city (763 plots) and all population number according to 12 sectors are collected ac-cording to their locations and are analyzed spatially by GIS program (Moran I). Researchers have proved that distribution of green areas is random. Moreover, this distribution is not based on the urban planning basics and its criteria: green area per person (GAPP) and green area to the city ratio (GAR) also not based on the basics of urban planning for two criteria , GAPP is optimized from 9.3 to 14 and GAR optimized from 0.06 to 0.09 while the equilateral tringle adopted as optimum distribution for green area units GAU, for 12 sectors adopted combined standards together and the solution was the population density ratio must be 0.01 or less, to obtain criteria and this must preserved and adhered to the planning and laws and regula-tions strictly. This method can be applied to the study of the spatial distribution in order to compare it with the distribution of schools, health centers and other services or infrastructures.
 
Lactic acid production a bibliometric study
Get PDFBibliometrics is a documentary analysis tool that is positioning itself as a support to know and understand the study status of a specific topic. In this case, the VOSviewer software was used to determine the evolu-tion of lactic acid production, carried out through a programmed search with the VOSviewer application, which allowed a clear and reliable bibliographic review for the topic development under study, which made possible to obtain enough material to know who, where and in what year have published about the latest advances in the production of lactic acid. The database used was Scopus, with the search equation “lactic acid” and production and “natural sources”. 
The behavior of sandy soils under different types of loading
Get PDFThe method of reinforcement soil layers was a common technique to improve the ability of the soil to retain load and reduce settlement. The technique has been somewhat dependent, whereas, in the past, there was research on this method of design and analysis. So, soil improvement by reinforcing it must be analyzed correctly. The capacity of assuming the improved bearing capacity underground of reinforced sand was in-vestigated through the user\u27s use of the test executor in diverse test cases. Here in this investigation, four various kinds of reinforcement materials have been used. Four circular models with different interior diame-ters were used to examine the effect of the circular ratio on the bearing capacity of the soil layer along the various reinforcing state of affairs. A typical plate load test was carried out with the presence of monotonous and periodic loading in three chains mentioned in tests of the monochrome plate loading on ringing base anchoring on layers of sand which are reinforced over Netlon CE121 Geo-grid as a material of reinforce-ment- 15 numbers, tests of periodic plate-load PLT along Geogrid (Netlon CE121) as materials of reinforc-ing - 15 number, the Monochromatic tests of plate-load over Geojute as a reinforcing material - 9 number, tests of periodic plate-load PLT over Geojute as a reinforcing material - 9 number