Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN - International University of Sarajevo)
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Transmission power optimization of high speed 32 channels×12.8 Tbps CWDM based on multi-span SSMF using RZ modulation format
Full text linkThe problem with expand current optical networks while not dynamic infrastructure ends up in adopt the CWDM system with Brobdingnagian information measure and multi-channels. This text examines the twelve.8Tbps over 32-channels, performed in an exceedingly series of laptop simulations with the RZ modulation format on the SSMF line, and its characteristics. The results of the simulation show that knowledge rates will be transferred effectively mistreatment AN economical and economical infrastructure with an honest system performance. The standard optical power rank and therefore the most quality issue for the 32-channels square measure well. The CWDM optical network and its applications will contribute and supply unlimited information measure at a minimum price for all service ranges of fiber optic communication systems like web belongings, and FTTH. CWDM acting a key responsibility in existing and future solutions for optical networks because of its enticing applications
Unicast based reactive & proactive routing simulation in MANET: A comparative study for protocols in mobility scenarios
Full text linkA challenging issue for Ad-Hoc network is finding an effective routing mechanism, the wireless connection must have the capability to interact while traveling randomly. Although MANETs are self-configuring mobile node networks, the mobility of the nodes imposes some limitations on the power capacity of the nodes and thus on the transmission ranges. Many studies have investigated the protocols of Ad-Hoc networks, but this study has made a comprehensive investigation by using different scenarios among the studied protocols, particularly (DSR), (AODV) and (DSDV). The different numbers of deployed nodes with a mobile target node in the network have been analyzed with various important metrics such as; Generated, sent and received packet, lost and discarded packets, throughput, and the end to end latency with different packet sizes. Simulations are carried out in the simulation environment (NS2), and several comparisons were made among different metrics and scenarios by using different utilities. The results obtained showed interesting findings particularly when the scenario became more complex and the number of nodes increased. The number of packets received decreases by the mobile target node with the increasing number of nodes in the network. AODV showed better efficiency than the DSR and table-based DSDV protocol especially when a large number of nodes deployed. Furthermore, the average of the received packets to the sent packet ratio decreases proportionally as the number of nodes increases while the average end-to-end delay increases with the increasing number of nodes
Proportion Frequency Occurrence Count with Bat Algorithm (FOCBA) For Rule Optimization and Mining of Proportion Equivalence Fuzzy Constraint Class Association Rules (PEFCARs)
Full text linkFuzzy Class Association Rules (FCARs) play an important role in decision support systems and have thus been extensively studied. Mining the important rules in FCARs becomes very difficult task, so Enhanced Equivalence Fuzzy Class Rule tree (EEFCR-tree) algorithm is proposed in this work. However, a major weakness of FCARs Miner is that when the number of constrained rules in a given class dominates the total constrained rules; its performance becomes slower than the normal method. To solve this problem this paper proposes a Proportion of Constraint Class Estimation (PPCE) algorithm for mining Enhanced Proportion Equivalence Fuzzy Constraint Class Association Rules (EPEFCARs) in order to save memory usage, run time and accuracy. Then, Proportion Frequency Occurrence count with Bat Algorithm (PFOCBA) is proposed for pruning rules which much satisfying the class constraints. Finally, an efficient algorithm is proposed for mining PEFCARs rules. Experimental results show that the proposed EPEFCR-tree algorithm is more efficient than Enhanced Equivalence Fuzzy Class Rule tree (EEFCR-tree), Novel Equivalence Fuzzy Class Rule tree (NECR-tree) Miner results are measured in terms of run time, accuracy and memory usage. Experiments show that the proposed method is faster than existing methods
Concurrent Solution of WATC Scheduling with WPPW Due Date Assignment for Environmentally Weighted Customers, Jobs and Services Using SA and its Hybrid
Full text linkAfter industrial revolution environmental problems increased drastically. Air, water and soil pollution became a serious threat for the mankind. In order to overcome this threat everyone should take responsibility and try to preserve environment as much as possible. Environmentally conscious actions, people, law and foundations should be supported. When it came to determining due dates and scheduling, one of the important criteria should be the supporting the environment. In this study environmentally conscious customers, jobs, and services are rewarded, on the other hand unconscious customers, jobs, and services are penalized, while determining due dates and schedules. Simulated annealing and its hybrid with random search are applied to get environmentally better due dates and schedules
Using visualization and predictive analysis to predict train delays
Full text linkFrance has the second largest European railway network, with a total of 29,901 kilometers of railway. However, the travel experience of passengers is frequently marked by delays, late arrival of trains at stations, causing inconvenience. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach for visual prediction of train delays. Our approach is driven by predictive analysis and interactive visualization. The study has benefitted from access to open data SNCF including information about train delays , train number , station , departure and arrival time .Based on this data we develop a new workflow for predictive analysis including visualization in all steps from data pre-processing to deployment
Design of Experiments Application, Concepts, Examples: State of the Art
Full text linkDesign of Experiments (DOE) is statistical tool deployed in various types of system, process and product design, development and optimization. It is multipurpose tool that can be used in various situations such as design for comparisons, variable screening, transfer function identification, optimization and robust design. This paper explores historical aspects of DOE and provides state of the art of its application, guides researchers how to conceptualize, plan and conduct experiments, and how to analyze and interpret data including examples. Also, this paper reveals that in past 20 years application of DOE have been grooving rapidly in manufacturing as well as non-manufacturing industries. It was most popular tool in scientific areas of medicine, engineering, biochemistry, physics, computer science and counts about 50% of its applications compared to all other scientific areas
Entrepreneurship Education (EEd) at Bachelor Level in Developing Countries
Full text linkEntrepreneurship has been drawing attention of academia, business circles, policy makers and general publicat an increasing rate as it is valued as an engine of economic developments. Although some argue that it canbe learnt just by doing it, many types of EEd programs are being offered to high school students,university/college students and adults with various backgrounds and future plans. For efficient and effectiveEEd applications, various factors, such as local socio-economic conditions and degree of technologicaldevelopment in the country, need to be taken into consideration in tailoring EEd curricula and how toimplement them. For example, EEd programs designed for developed countries need to be different fromthose for developing countries. This article focuses on EEd programs at higher education institutions indeveloping countries, for which entrepreneurship is a vital issue as it is one of the most effective tools forsuch countries to catch up with developed countries. 
Signal Perception and Transduction in Plants
Full text linkPlants are sessile organisms and are not able to move away from adverse environmental conditions and mustresponse to an array of environmental and developmental cues. They heavily rely on high sensitivity detection andadaptation mechanisms to environmental perturbations. Signal transduction, the means whereby cells constructresponse to a signal, is a recently defined focus of research in plant biology. Over the past decade our understanding ofplant signaling pathways has increased greatly, in part due to the use of molecular genetics and biochemical tools inmodel plants for example Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula. This has assisted us in the identification ofcomponents of many signal transduction pathways in diverse physiological systems for example hormonal,developmental and environmental signal transduction pathways and cross-talk between them.During the last 15 yearsthe number of known plant hormones has grown from five to at least ten. Furthermore, many of the proteins involved inplant hormone signaling pathways have been identified, including receptors for many of the major hormones. Inaddition, recent studies confirm that hormone signaling is integrated at several levels during plant growth anddevelopment.In this review paper we have covered recent work in signaling pathway in plants especially how plantssense biotic and abiotic stresses and the potential mechanisms by which different chemical molecules andtheir downstream signaling components modulates stress tolerance
Reproduction of experimental spatio-temporal structures in traffic flows using mathematical model based on cellular automata theory
Full text linkThe paper deals with mathematical modelling of traffic flows on urban road networks using cellular automata theory. Two versions of the model based on Nagel-Schreckenberg traffic flow model were created. They both are multilane, include complex driver behaviour algorithms and allow simulating traffic on various road elements and on road networks. One of the models is using “slow-to-start” concept that represents the fact that it takes drivers more time to accelerate when they just start moving in comparison with the situation when their speed is already above zero.
The goal of the work was to reproduce experimental spatio-temporal patterns on traffic velocity diagrams with the created models and to research the difference between them and to determine the range of the applicability for each.
Parallel algorithms of realisation for the models are created. Computations are carried out for each element of the road (T or X type intersection, on-ramp, road fragment with widening or bottleneck, straight road fragment, etc.) separately and in parallel, that allows performing calculations on various complex road networks. Different kinds of average characteristics (such as, for instance, the capacity of the crossroad) can be also obtained using the created program package.
Computations show that the results obtained are in an agreement with experimental data and therefore can be used for practical traffic flow modelling in cities. 
Mobile technologies in physics education in Latvian secondary schools
Full text linkThe availability of ICT has raised the issue of meaningful use of Mobile technologies (smartphones, tablets, sensors, data loggers, data collectors, as well as other devices and options) in the teaching/learning process of physics to deepen the students\u27 knowledge and develop their research skills. Mobile technologies are constantly and rapidly evolving, and there is practically no social domain where they are not used, including education. Thus, the acquisition of mobile technology usage skills is an integral part of the learning process in a modern school. Education experts are now emphasizing not only the integration of Mobile technologies into the learning process but also the need to improve the efficiency of the learning process for both teachers and students. Success is based not only on what or how much one knows, but also on one\u27s ability to think and act creatively. Mobile technology-based learning process is based on the Educational Technology Competency Standards for Teachers and accentuates the demand for improving teachers’ technology skills and with a focus on knowledge and capacity building.
This paper summarizes the research on the use of Mobile technologies in teaching physics in Latvia for the last nine years, as well as analyses the issues and suggestions for improving the process. A pedagogical experiment is conducted based on pre-planned and prepared participation in the learning process