Andalas Journal of International Studies
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Private Boots on The Ground: Meretas Korelasi Kebangkitan Private Military Companies Dengan Globalisasi Ekonomi
Full text linkThis article targets an understanding related to the phenomenon of the rise of the Private Military Company which has strengthened its relations with the State in various conflicts in the world in the era of globalization - especially after the terrorist attacks on the United States in 2001. Using PMC understanding as an actor and the concept of globalization on economy, this paper provides a descriptive analysis of the correlation between the existence of PMC and the process of economic globalization that supports their existence in various conflicts in this world
Penggunaan ASEAN Way dalam Upaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan: Sebuah Catatan Keberhasilan?
Full text linkABSTRAKSampai saat ini, prinsip-prinsip dalam ASEAN Way selalu mendapatkan tantangan dalam menghadapi dinamika kawasan Asia Tenggara. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengamati upaya-upaya ASEAN dalam menangani penyelesaian sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan dan bagaimana ASEAN Way memengaruhi upaya-upaya tersebut. Untuk menjawab rumusan tersebut, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang mengandalkan literatur-literatur akademis mengenai LTS dan dokumen-dokumen resmi ASEAN untuk memahami, menginterpretasikan, serta menyusun hasil penelitian dari fenomena sengketa LTS. Argumen penulisan dalam artikel ini adalah bahwa ASEAN merupakan organisasi kawasan yang aktif dalam penyelesaian sengketa LTS dengan berpedoman pada prinsip dan norma dalam ASEAN Way. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap data dan pembahasan, ASEAN Way merupakan pendorong yang positif dalam konteks fungsi dialog dan konsultasi damai dan bukan sebagai solusi untuk penyelesaian sengketa LTS. ASEAN berhasil menjadi sentral dalam upaya penyelesaian damai yang juga melibatkan negara-negara besar luar kawasan. Untuk menjadi sebuah solusi nyata, ASEAN Way masih memiliki tantangan karena seringkali menjadi alat Tiongkok agar ASEAN tidak melakukan intervensi atau pemaksaan kebijakan suatu negara terkait penyelesaian konflik LTS. Oleh karena itu, kolektivitas ASEAN dalam menghadapi isu LTS merupakan langkah ke depan yang perlu untuk segera diwujudkan.Kata kunci: ASEAN Way, Asia Tenggara, konstruktivisme, Laut Tiongkok Selatan, sengketa ABSTRACTUp to this point, principles in ASEAN Way have been challenged by the regional dynamics of Southeast Asia. This article seeks to observe ASEAN's efforts in handling the resolution of the South China Sea (SCS) dispute and how the principles of ASEAN Way affect those efforts. To do so, the writers use a qualitative method which relies on academic literature regarding SCS and ASEAN's official documents to comprehend, interpret, and to formulate the result of the research. This article argues that ASEAN as a regional organization has been taking an active role in SCS dispute resolution using the principles and norms of ASEAN Way. Based on the analysis, ASEAN Way is a positive drive to dialogues and peaceful consultations but not in itself a solution to end the dispute. The Way had allowed ASEAN to become central in the peaceful resolution efforts involving major powers from beyond the region. ASEAN Way, however, has its back draws one of which was being used by China to prevent ASEAN's intervention in or to dictate policy regarding the SCS dispute. Therefore, ASEAN collectivity in handling the SCS dispute should be the next step forward. Keywords: ASEAN Way, contructivism, disputes, South China Sea, Southeast Asi
Indonesian Government Strategies On Obtaining Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Market Access To European Union Countries Over The EU Parliament Resolution On Palm Oil And Deforestation Of Rainforest
Full text linkIndonesia is the largest producer of palm oil in the world. With Malaysia, palm oil production could account for about eighty percent of global production. Meanwhile, Europe is the country with the third largest CPO export destination for Indonesia after India and China. However, the EU proposed a European Union resolution initiative on palm oil and deforestation of rainforest, which finally passed with the major votes from EU members of Parliament in April 2017. The key point on EU resolution reveals that EU will ban palm oil use for biofuels production by 2020. The purpose of this research is to analyze the Indonesian government’s diplomatic efforts to respond and negotiate with EU regarding the issue. It is also considered important to prevent the global downturn on palm oil products. To analyze the diplomacy effort, the researcher will use qualitative methods presented through data collection from sources such as books, journals, press releases and official reports from institutions in this case the European Union. To support the research, the researcher also uses primary data through the interview with one of the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia for diplomatic actions conducted by Indonesian government. This research finds that the government of Indonesian finally combined several soft diplomatic strategies to face EU both directly and indirectly.Keywords: Strategies, Government of Indonesia, Trade, Palm Oil, EU Resolution, Deforestatio
INDONESIA ENVIRONMENTAL DIPLOMACY REFORMED: CASE STUDIES OF GREENING ASEAN WAY AND PEAT RESTORATION AGENCY
Full text linkThere is an increasing pessimism on the role of state as the guardian of environmental livelihood due to the recurring of environmental disasters. Moving to a new global environmental governance seems inevitable due to the importance of economic development and social justice within the classical definition of environmental diplomacy.By using the case of “greening ASEAN Way” and the establishment of Indonesia’s peat restoration agency, this article attempted to reinvigorate environmental diplomacy using English School theoretical framework. This research obtained primary data from semi-structured interview with Indonesian officials in Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Peat Restoration Agency as well as from the observation of the implementation of peatland restoration in Indonesia.This research has three conclusions. Firstly, Indonesia is an important actor in the mitigation of many regional and global environmental issues including forest fires and transboundary haze. Secondly, the ratification of ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution and the establishment of peat restoration agency are part of the reinvigoration of Indonesia environmental diplomacy. Lastly, Indonesia’s reformed environmental diplomacy still faced problem on the relationship between central government and local government
EFEKTIVITAS PEACEKEEPING OLEH UNITED NATIONS-AFRICAN UNION HYBRID OPERATION MISSION IN DARFUR (UNAMID) PADA KONFLIK DI SUDAN TAHUN 2007-2010
Full text linkTulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas efektivitas peacekeeping yang dilaksanakan oleh Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) dan Uni Afrika melalui UNAMID dalam penyelesaian konflik di Sudan. Konflik ini telah berlangsung sejak tahun 2003, yang dilatarbelakangi oleh perebutan kekuasaan pemerintah dan sumber daya alam. Konflik yang menimbulkan ribuan korban jiwa dan jutaan penduduk mengungsi, diakibatkan munculnya gerakan pemberontakan Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) dan Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) yang menilai adanya ketidakadilan maupun diskriminasi yang dilakukan pemerintah Sudan. Kemudian timbul konflik bersenjata antara dua kelompok tersebut melawan Pemerintah Sudan dan milisi Janjaweed. Tulisan ini disajikan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana efektivitas peacekeeping oleh UNAMID dalam menyelesaikan konflik antara pemerintah Sudan dan pasukan pemberontak di Darfur pada tahun 2007-2010. Tulisan ini terbagi menjadi dua poin penting dalam menjelaskan serta menganalisa efektivitas peacekeeping oleh UNAMID pada konflik di Sudan. Pertama, peran UNAMID pada konflik di Sudan tahun 2007-2010. Kedua, tantangan UNAMID dalam penyelesaian konflik di Sudan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peran UNAMID dalam proses rekonsiliasi melalui terbentuknya perjanjian perdamaian antara pemerintah Sudan dan kelompok pemberontak JEM pada tahun 2010 untuk menghentikan agresi militer kedua belah pihak dan pemulihan keadaan di wilayah Sudan.
Motif Hubungan Kerjasama Antara KRG (Kurdish Regional Government) Irak Dengan Pemerintah Turki (2013-2016)
No full textThis research aims to analyze motives behind cooperation between KRG (Kurdish Regional Government) and Turkey government by using neorealism perspective of International relations. On neorealism, state as rational actor will try to maintain their existance or to survive in international system of anarchy. Significhant change of KRG and Turkey government relation, which was in bad term bercause of Turkey rejection of KRG as political entity but then they cooperate after AKP (adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi) or Justice and Development Party won the Turkey election in 2002. That is the main focus of this research, the purpose is to formulize motives behind coopertion between those two entities.The findings of this research is there are two main motives of cooperation between them: first, good relation between them is in order to achieve their own self interest, second, mutual benefit that they get from cooperation is more bigger.Keywords: motives, cooperation, KRG, Turkey, neorelism, interes
INDONESIA’S PUBLIC DIPLOMACY TOWARDS MALAYSIA
Full text linkIndonesian public diplomacy has been understood as an effort to attach a certain image like a moderate, democratic and progressive image. Nevertheless, the image is not always present in bridging Malaysian bilateral relations. In Malaysia Malaysia's bilateral relations practice, public diplomacy reveals itself in a different face. This article places public diplomacy not only as an effort to maintain the image in rationalists view, but public diplomacy as an effort to maintain relationships through shared identity. Through Indonesian diplomatic studies on Malaysia's three main issues over the past 15 years, it was found that public diplomacy was present as an effort to maintain relations through the shared identity as the Bangsa Serumpun (One Kin) or known as Kinship. Although Malaysia social economic context has changed, Indonesia still believes that the obligation to place the stability of relationships is a priority. Self-refrain and encouraging public dissemination become the practices of Indonesian public diplomacy towards Malaysia. Through qualitative methods, Indonesian policy documentation studies of three major bilateral issues found that Kinship is still the main reference for Indonesia in maintaining bilateral relations although it’s practiced differently. Key Words: Public Diplomacy, Shared Identity, Kinship
INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT POLICY ON ROHINGYA REFUGEES
Full text linkThe wave of migration of Rohingya refugees has come unstoppably in the waters of Aceh since late 2015. The violence that engulfs the Rohingyas in Myanmar, such as homicide and arson, has forced some Rohingyas to flee. They are trying to survive by moving to areas they consider to be providing protection. With less decent boats, the Rohingyas migrated to the coast of Thailand, Malaysia, to Indonesia. The Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia have sought to close the refugee entry into the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in order to safeguard the security of foreign infiltration. Nevertheless, the Indonesian army continues to assist the refugees by providing food and water supplies to the boat. However, the urge of local and international community finally made the Indonesian government open the territory of Indonesia for Rohingya refugees. Why is the Indonesian government willing to accept Rohingya refugees? What is Indonesian policy towards Rohingya refugees? This article will describe the reasons and steps of the Indonesian government to handle the wave of migration of Rohingya refugees by the end of 2015 as a form of Government of Indonesia's policy towards Rohingya refugees
KEPENTINGAN EKONOMI RWANDA DALAM PERANG KONGO
Full text link This research is conducted to understand how Rwanda is able to achieve their economic interest in Congo War,using national interest and resource wars as main concept . The result of research shows that Rwanda is able to achieve their economy interest because either Democratic Republic of Congo was unable to grasp political, security and also economy control. The emergences of mineral world market during Congo War also contribute to Rwanda‟s economy interest during Congo War. Although Rwanda‟s economic interest in DRC could be categorized as form of illegal economy, Rwanda able to convince international community and Rwanda‟s people because security threat that come from inside Zaire or DRC.Keyword : Rwanda, Congo War, economy interest, resource wars, mineral exploitation
State and Business Groups in the Space Industry
Full text linkSpace exploration is growing from cold war to present. Actors also began to change, not only developed state or developing state, but also industry. Industry offers more economical space exploration, which is driving the industry increasing. However, state remains primary party responsible for ensuring space exploration are peaceful purposes and beneficial to all mankind. Thus, need to analyze how state and business groups relationships in the development of the private space industry? The method to be used in this research is content analysis related to governed interdependence. The analysis will use source data in the form of journals, books, and media information about the development of space industry by the state and business groups that influence it in political economy. From the analysis results know that the pattern of relationship between countries and groups in the development of space industry is interdependence to develop a world class strategic industry. This paper is important in the development of international political economy concept