Andalas Journal of International Studies
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Dinamika Hubungan Sipil-Militer di Zimbabwe: Dari Pra-Merdeka Hingga Lengsernya Robert Mugabe
Get PDFThis paper study about the dynamics of the civil-military relations in Zimbabwe’s politics. That civil-military relations dynamics tracked since the pre-independence until 2017 at the impeachment of 37 years Robert Mugabe’s power. Two models of civil-military relations according to Huntington, i.e., the subjective and objective civil-military relations is used to analyze the pattern of relationships that formed during the reign of Mugabe. This paper is a descriptive study with data collection through the study documentation. The results indicate that civil-military relations in Zimbabwe takes place dynamically. The early reign of Mugabe puts military on their professionalism. However, in the next, the military used as a political tool to retain power making the pattern of civil-military relations become subjective control. Next, through a constitutional amendment sought to encourage the military to apolitical even though in the end back into the subjective control before finally shedding its support on Mugabe to keep their interests
The Consignment of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia and Its Resilience: Examining the Impacts of Indonesia’s Moratorium Policy (2011-2015).
Get PDFAlthough Indonesian migrant workers in Saudi Arabia, particularly at informal sectors, have exponentially increased in last decades, most of the time, they have also faced several constraints such as the lack of protection that supposedly addressed by the Government of Indonesia (GoI) through Indonesian embassy, limited numbers of regulations that could protect the Indonesian migrant workers from the Government of Saudi Arabia, due to the absence of Memorandum of Understanding between the two countries. Such complex circumstances made the position of Indonesian migrant workers worsened due to their disability in gaining their rights. In the implementation process, the GoI’s protection has not been maximal in ensuring the safety of their workers abroad. The situation reached the peak when the death penalty for Ruyati binti Satubi was conducted by Government of Saudi Arabia without any initiatives informing Indonesian authority prior to the execution. Consequently the former President of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, declared a moratorium policy during the cabinet meeting on June 23, 2011, in order to improve the protection mechanism of Indonesian migrant domestic workers. In milieu of this issue, the researchers attempted at analyzing the impacts of such a policy. The analysis was based on national interest theory. In the context of Indonesian migrant domestic workers, this study came to argue that the moratorium policy could be seen as a manifestation of political commitment from Indonesia’s government perceiving the protection of Indonesian migrant workers is high in the list
When FIFA Rules the World: Hegemoni FIFA Terhadap Indonesia Dalam Kasus Pembekuan PSSI 2015-2016
Get PDFThe bitter sanctions against the Indonesian Football Association (PSSI) by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) in 2015-2016 revealed an irritate reality regarding how weak the position of the state is; when dealing with organizations that are considered as representations of global institutions in the world of football. Therefore, Indonesia's powerlessness has made the question why the state is powerless before FIFA as an international organization finds its importance. Using the Coxian approach to understand the World Orders, this article argues that this condition due to the FIFA’s hegemony which supported by three main aspects, namely; first, the idea of football which is a populist sport, must be separated from the political intervention of state power. Second, FIFA's material capacity has made football as a sport with high economic value, even in Indonesia itself. Finally, supported by the previous two aspects, the governance of FIFA institutions has gripped various regions of the world, so that it has created sovereignty in the world of football. Using critical analysis, the intellectual work of this paper does not only intend to improvise in the selection of topics but also presents alternative narratives in the contemporary constellation of contemporary international relations studies
CO-OPERATIVE MARITIME DIPLOMACY: THE RESOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES-INDONESIA MARITIME BORDER DISPUTE (1994-2014)
Get PDFThe formation of national integrity in the international circuit is essential for a state. National integrity can be seen by fixed territory where a state can exercise their sovereignty in certain area portrayed by a fix border with neighboring countries both in the land and sea. The Philippines has been claimed over its territory based on the Treaty of Paris as the result of the Spanish American war that ceded the sovereignty over the archipelago of the Philippines to the United State. With respect to its history, the Philippines faced the dilemma whether or not it should redefine its baseline law in accordance with the UNLOS provisions. This dilemma then leads to unclear territorial boundary with its neighboring country-- Indonesia.Hence, this article aims to analyze the Philippines-Indonesia maritime border dispute in the Exclusive Economic Zone from Celebes to Mindanao sea. Using the neoliberalism perspective, the authors analyzed the interest of the Philippines to establish cooperation with Indonesia related to the national territory of each country, each legislation, maritime zones, and exercise of sovereignty over disputes maritime territories. Meanwhile, co-operative maritime diplomacy also used to determine the Philippines action in the form of bilateral cooperation, joint exercise on maritime security and regional cooperation to secure the Philippines and Indonesia maritime areas. On behalf of common interest, both countries succeed in maintaining their relations to achieve mutual goals regardless of boundaries. Furthermore, the foreign policy theory will also play an intervening role to explain the regulation about the dispute settlement efforts of delimitation boundary between the Philippines and Indonesia
Efektivitas Bantuan Pembangunan Peace Corps Amerika Serikat Di Indonesia
Get PDFThe focus of this research is to explain the U.S. Peace Corps’ aid effectiveness in assisting Indonesia from year 2010 to 2017. This research utilizes the five principles and twelve indicators of Paris Declaration as tools to explain the aid effectiveness. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and uses interviews and observation as primary resources, also using books and articles as secondary resources. The result of this research shows that principles of Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness in Peace Corps Indonesia is almost effective in Local Alignment Principle, Harmonization Principle, and Mutual Accountability Principle. In addition to Policy Ownership Principle, English learning is not yet considered as a priority. Moreover, there are some differences in development plan and real activities that makes it become unoperational strategy. In Managing for Result Principle, since 2010, the amount of students, teachers and communities whose interact with the volunteer of Peace Corps keep increasing but there is no official framework that shows development result oriented. Keywords: Peace Corps, Peace Corps Indonesia, foreign aid, United States, Bappena
Implikasi Perjanjian Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif Indonesia-Australia (IA-CEPA) terhadap Perdagangan Luar Negeri Indonesia
Get PDFThis research is used to see IA-CEPA's contribution to trade of both countries especially to Indonesian foreign trade. With the research question, what is the economic implication of this economic partnership agreement politics, especially related to Indonesian trade sector? Adam Smith's theory in this research is that the liberal economy is closely related to the world economic development, an idea that requires the liberty of individuals or economic units to achieve their interests and an invisible hand can facilitate economic regulation and achieve high economic efficiency and growth, the government should not interfere and instead let the market run on its own mechanism. Added by David Ricardo that mutual interest is generated is a mutual interest-based benefit of the trade. The method used is qualitative method that is method with purpose to explain topic in detail. The result of this research is the IA-CEPA agreement can facilitate the access of Indonesian market and foreign trade to Australia.Key Words: Liberal Economics, IA-CEPA, Trad
Implementasi ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 2011-2015 dalam Kebijakan Pariwisata Indonesia di masa Pemerintahan Jokowi
Get PDFTourism is one of the important sectors in the economic development of a country. This is evidenced by the revenue contribution of state revenues generated from the tourism sector. Indonesia under the leadership of President Joko Widodo Focused on the development of maritime shaft which one of the main concern is tourism. In the context of tourism, Indonesia has a fairly high appeal at the local and international level. Southeast Asia region incorporated in ASEAN is a good market for Indonesia in attracting the attention of ASEAN people to come and travel in Indonesia. Through joint strategy in regional tourism development, Indonesia is trying to implement ASEAN tourism policy known as ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan (2011-2015) in domestic context through Indonesian tourism policy. This paper will focus on how the implementation of the ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 2011-2015 in the Indonesian Tourism Policy in the Reign of President Joko Widodo. Key words: Tourism, connectivity, policy, government, ASEA
Arab Spring: A Case Study of Egyptian Revolution 2011
Get PDFEgyptian Revolution, also known as Arab Spring or Arab Uprising, was a shock for international community because Egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in North Africa region. Experts and observers even suggested that this revolution is the biggest event since the Cold War. No one ever saw this coming; yet, the Revolution happened, and it succeeded to topple President Hosni Mubarak from power. Indeed, prior to the revolution, there are factors that became the preliminary incidents as well as problems that led to the revolution, and most of these factors came from within the country. Nevertheless, this revolution has given idea to other states with repressive regime in the North Africa region, which started the ‘domino effect’ in Middle East and North Africa region. As for Egyptians, though successfullnes of the revolution brought positive outcome for them, the negative result also followed as well as responses from international community. The objective of this paper is to examine the Egyptian Revolution that led to the end of Hosni Mubarak regime. Keywords: Arab Spring; Egyptian Revolution; President Hosni Mubarak; ‘domino effect’; Middle East and North Africa region
Narrowing the Global Gap: Eco-Social Market Economy as New Perspective to Deal with Global Economic Inequality and Economic Insecurity in 21st Century
No full textGlobal economic inequality, namely the economic inequality between various countries and regions, is one of the biggest challenges of 21st century. Thus, it has also become an important issue in economic security. It creates extreme poverty in the face of abundant living in several rich countries and regions. It is also the root of other global problems, such as human trafficking, spreads of slums, diseases, and international network of radicalism, extremism and terrorism. Because of the global scope, the world needs to develop new perspective in combating global economic inequality and its negative consequences. Eco-social market economy, which is developed from the German social theories, can offer such perspective. It balances between two important areas of social life, namely social justice on the one hand, and ecological awareness of the other hand. This paper elaborates the basic notions and implementations of eco-social market economy in global level to overcome the issue of global economic inequality in 21st century as a new perspective in addressing the issue of economic insecurity in our current global economic, political and security interactions
Controversies of the Implementation of Carbon Tax Policy for the Australian Economy: Harmful or Beneficial?
Get PDFAustralian government had an experience in carbon tax policy implementation and evidently, it did not work out since it was enacted for the first time in 2012. The background of this policy was the Kyoto Protocol in 2007. In the beginning, Australia and United States considered as resistant countries. However, the government finally implemented carbon tax policy in 2012. There were many debates around this issue, especially two major parties, Labour and Liberal. After some considerations, the Australian government decided to repeal this policy in 2014. This study will focus on controversies around the implementation of carbon tax policy. The first part will describe the background of carbon tax policy. The next part will expose on positive impacts of the policy implementation on the Australian economy, while the following part will focus on negative impacts on household expenditures. The final part will conclude which actions the government should decide either continues or terminates carbon tax policy. Keywords: implementation, carbon tax policy, environment, household, econom