Andalas Journal of International Studies
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Bencana dan Konflik: Pelajaran dari Aceh dan Sri Lanka
Full text linkSeveral academic studies have given birth to the notion that natural disasters and conflicts have a close relationship. Under certain conditions, the disaster functions to bring peace in conflict areas. However, it has not explained how the peace process can affect the dynamics of conflict. This paper aims to analyze the factors that cause conflict in a disaster area to transform into peace or vice versa. The prolonged social conflicts in the Indonesian provinces of Aceh (1976–2005) and Sri Lanka (1983–2009) are examples of cases where the tsunami disaster in December 2004 led to a peace agreement in Aceh, which was not long in the future while failing to bring peace to Sri Lanka. The research conduct with descriptive qualitative methods and internet-based literature study techniques. This paper finds that disaster is a catalyst for the peace process, not determining peace. The transformation of conflict into peace influence by four factors: poverty, state capacity, negotiations, and internationalization of conflicts. These factors that can create peace also depend much on pre-disaster and post-disaster peace efforts
Capacity Building and Market Intervention for Refugees: A Study of Current and Future Direction towards Sustainable Refugee Management
Full text linkThe number of refugees has increased for a decade leading to seek an alternative approach to managing refugees globally. This research will explore the current management of refugees and future direction towards sustainably managing refugees. While the UNHCR has a role in particularly resettling refugees to developed countries, states also have the authority to integrate refugees with local people under the Refugee Convention in 1951. The methodology used is a quantitative study through a statistical descriptive analysis from secondary sources and literature reviews. The result shows that states are reluctant to have a new arrival of refugees into their territories, while the UNHCR currently faces difficulties in resettling refugees to third countries. As a result, refugees are waiting with uncertainty and without livelihood opportunities in transiting countries. In regards to this issue, it seems necessary to have a capacity building and market intervention for the future direction of sustainable refugee management through a partnership with private sectors under the SDGs and other global agenda. These will equip refugees with skill development to enhance self-reliance as well as labor opportunities entering the future market places
Kejahatan Transnasional Terorganisir di Wilayah Perbatasan: Studi Modus Operandi Penyelundupan Narkotika Riau dan Malaysia
Full text linkThe transformation of issues in international politics has led to a shift from traditional security issues (war and military) to non-traditional security issues (human security). One form of non-traditional security threat is the transnational crime activity of narcotics smuggling in Southeast Asia. The Southeast Asian region has an area of around 4.4 million KM2 and is known as the "Golden Triangle" narcotics production area on the border of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar. One of the destination countries for smuggling narcotics in the Southeast Asian region is Indonesia and Riau Province is one of the gateways for the illegal entry of narcotics from other countries, especially Malaysia. This paper aims to analyze the modus operandi of transnational crime in narcotics smuggling in the border regions of Riau and Malaysia. This paper uses a qualitative method using interviews with research informants. The results of this study indicate that the modus operandi of narcotics smuggling in the border regions of Indonesia and Malaysia is carried out by sea along the coastline of the border provinces of Riau and Malaysia. Narcotics are neatly wrapped and installed GPS devices then smuggled at night by using the services of fishermen as a courier. This seawater smuggling route was chosen due to several factors, namely: the proximity of the territorial waters, the number of unofficial or illegal ports, the lack of surveillance patrols along the water area and the professionalism of law enforcement officers in the border region. The transformation of issues in international politics has led to a shift from traditional security issues (war and military) to non-traditional security issues (human security). One form of non-traditional security threat is the transnational crime activity of narcotics smuggling in Southeast Asia. The Southeast Asian region has an area of around 4.4 million KM2 and is known as the "Golden Triangle" narcotics production area on the border of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar. One of the destination countries for smuggling narcotics in the Southeast Asian region is Indonesia and Riau Province is one of the gateways for the illegal entry of narcotics from other countries, especially Malaysia. This paper aims to analyze the modus operandi of transnational crime in narcotics smuggling in the border regions of Riau and Malaysia. This paper uses a qualitative method using interviews with research informants. The results of this study indicate that the modus operandi of narcotics smuggling in the border regions of Indonesia and Malaysia is carried out by sea along the coastline of the border provinces of Riau and Malaysia. Narcotics are neatly wrapped and installed GPS devices then smuggled at night by using the services of fishermen as a courier. This seawater smuggling route was chosen due to several factors, namely: the proximity of the territorial waters, the number of unofficial or illegal ports, the lack of surveillance patrols along the water area and the professionalism of law enforcement officers in the border region.
The Implementation of Australia’s “Stepping-Up Engagement” with the Melanesian States as the Defence Strategy of Australia to Respond to the Rise of China in the South Pacific Region (2013-2018)
Full text linkThe rise of China in the South Pacific region indicates China’s growing political-diplomatic, economic, and the possibility of military presence within the region. Accordingly, it develops Australia’s threat perception and affects Australia’s national interest. A secure nearer region is the second most important in Australia’s strategic defense interests. Therefore, the stability and security of the South Pacific region are crucial to Australia’s national interests. This research discussed Australia’s “Stepping-Up engagement” as the defense strategy of Australia to strengthen its bilateral defense relations with the Melanesian states as the response to the rise of China. In addition, the research is constructed by using the concept of national interest, threat perception, defence strategy and bilateral defence relations through qualitative research method. This research explains the implementation of Australia’s “Stepping-Up engagement” with the Melanesian states as the defence strategy of Australia to respond to the rise of China in the South Pacific region
Changes and Continuities in the Global Health Governance of Coronaviruses
Full text linkThis paper aims to examine changes and continuities in terms of actors and policies in the global health governance on coronaviruses in order to understand the available tools, the characters and the extent they meet the required responses of a pandemic. In doing so, this paper examines actors and policies in the governance of three occurrences of coronaviruses, i.e. SARS, MERS, and the COVID-19. Actors and policies are mapped based on its function in a pandemic: (a) surveillance and knowledge dissemination, (b) material and financial assistance both for emergency and long term purposes, and (c) rule-making behavior. This paper found that the larger scale of the COVID-19 pandemic has led more actors involved in the global governance of COVID-19 than during MERS and SARS. WHO still dominates the surveillance and knowledge dissemination as well as rule making leadership. It also leads in providing material assistance to affected countries. Yet, with the significant impacts to global economy, global financial institutions dominate the provision of financial assistance both for short term and long term commitment. This imbalanced crowd in this last aspect, therefore, causes a changing dominant approach of the GHG on coronaviruses from the previously dominating evidence-based scientific approach to economic approach
Analysis of Russia's Approach to Kyoto Protocol: Russia's Withdrawal from Second Commitment Period (2013-2020)
Full text linkIn 2004 Russia ratified Kyoto Protocol, one of the international agreements which focuses on climate change mitigation. Kyoto Protocol was established as a framework for countries to mitigate climate change globally by reducing their greenhouse gas emissions accordingly to their respective targets. Russia officially participated in the first commitment period of Kyoto Protocol in 2005 after ensuring the benefits by doing so. Entering the second commitment period, in 2011 Russia decided to withdraw. In consideration of Russia’s position as the largest fossil fuel energy exporter and as a country whose economy is in restoration, Russia’s approach to Kyoto Protocol is based on its interests and benefits which it gains from the framework. This paper analyzes the factors behind Russia’s withdrawal from the second commitment period of Kyoto Protocol through the perspective of offensive realism with qualitative methodology. The thesis finds that Russia’s reasoning of withdrawal was an act to protect its national interest, which is economic security, specifically its energy sector
Failure of Securitizing the Climate Change Issue at the United Nations Security Council (2007-2019)
Full text linkAbstract This paper describes the dynamics of debates on the securitization of climate change issue at the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), which took place from 2007 to 2019. Although there have been four open debates on this issue at the UNSC, until 2019, the process of the securitization of climate change issue has failed. Prior studies discussing the same concern has only explained some of the reasons proposed in the debates, such as relating to the mandate of the UNSC, the division of work in the UN units, and whether the issue of climate change could be considered as a security issue. By applying the Externalist School of Securitization theory, this paper analyzes the relationship between sociolinguistics and socio-politics in the dynamics of the debates on the securitization of climate change issue at the UNSC and the roles of the permanent members in the debates. The main argument in this research is spotted on the existing rejection against the framing of climate change as a security issue by several UNSC permanent members, hence no mitigation policy can be mutually agreed upon. This has resulted in a failure in the process of securitizing the climate change issue at the UNSC (2007-2019). Keywords:The Security Council, Climate Change, Securitizatio
@KemluRI :Diplomasi Digital?
No full textSejalan dengan ide mengenai pentingnya penggunaan teknologi digital pada pratek diplomasi maka Kementrian Luar Negeri melalui Direktorat Informasi dan Diplomasi Publik menginiasi upaya untuk menyelenggarakan praktis diplomasi publik melalui sejumlah media sosial termasuk facebook. Artikel ini menyoal pemaknaan diplomasi digital oleh Kementrian Luar Negeri Indonesia melalui Facebook yang sudah mulai diselenggarakan semenjak tahun 2010. Melalui metode intepretif atas berita unggahan pada facebook Kementrian Luar Negeri antara tahun 2018-2019 dan dan respon yang diberikan atas komentar netizen, maka artikel ini mengajukan asumsi bahwa Kementrian Luar Negeri masih memaknai diplomasi digital sebagai alat diplomasi yang sederhana, yaitu sebagai diseminasi informasi publik. Tujuan diplomasi digital sebagai bagian dari diplomasi publik guna memengaruhi persepsi publik belum sepenuhnya diakomodasi
Keberhasilan Bantuan Luar Negeri di Asia Timur Laut: Sebuah Pembelajaran Bagi Negara Berkembang
Full text linkAfter the second world war, Northeast Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea, China and Taiwan, were recipient countries of foreign aid. Then, the countries changed its status from the recipient countries to the donor countries. This paper aims to explain the factors that led to the success of Northeast Asian countries to change their status from foreign aid recipient to foreign aid providers. This research departs from the tradition of empiricism and is a qualitative research using descriptive-analytical methods. This research shows that good governance, the close relations between donor countries and recipient countries, as well as huge investments in infrastructure and human resources are the key to the success of foreign aid in Northeast Asian countries. This study concludes that the country's enormous role (ownership) in the management of foreign aid is the most influencing factor
South Korean Government’s Role in Public Diplomacy: A Case Study of the Korean Wave Boom
Full text linkKorean wave has became a current booming popular culture; reaching all continents of the world. This phenomenon is the result of cooperation from various actors, namely state and non-state actors. This paper aims to determine the role of the South Korean government in the accomplishments achieved by the Korean wave to date, by studying the literature that focuses on the Korean wave success. This paper concludes that the South Korean government acts as a stimulator, regulator and facility provider for the cultural industry to develop. While the success of the Korean wave in penetrating the world market is the result of the formulation of strategies and promotions conducted by non-state actors involved in the process of producing the Korean wave