Andalas Journal of International Studies
Not a member yet
166 research outputs found
Sort by
Pengendalian Oposisi melalui Basij untuk Kepentingan Pertahanan Nasional di Iran
No full textRevolusi Iran bertujuan untuk menggulingkan pemerintahan otoriter dan menerapkan sisem politik islam syiah waliyatul faqih. Aplikasi sistem tersebut memiliki penentangan namun dapat dikendalikan melalui organisasi Basij. Basij merupakan organisasi milisi relawan yang bekerja dibawa IRGC. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kontribusi dan peran dari Basij dalam mengendalikan oposisi untuk menjaga kestabilan keamanan nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan studi pustaka untuk mengumpulkan data sekunder. GONGO merupakan LSM/NGO yang diorganisir oleh pemerintah dengan seumber kekuatan yang dekat dengan pemerintah, fungsi utama dan strategi untuk mencapai tujuan pemerintah, dan dilemma karena tidak adanya inovasi. Basij juga merupakan bentuk milisi yang bertujuan untuk mengendalikan perpolitikan nasional seperti dalam memenangkan calon presiden dalam pemilihan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Basij sebagai organisasi relawan yang diorganisir oleh Pemerintah Iran berperan dalam menekan oposisi untuk mengatasi ancaman nasional dan menciptakan stabilitas politik
Tendentious Actions, Racism, or Bad Prejudice?: Examining the Relations of Ethnocentrism and Xenophobia in the Contemporary South Korea
Full text linkWhen the phenomenon of contemporary South Korean culture in the world goes viral, some content can be regarded as tendentious content in the receiving countries. While some of these countries have large potential markets for South Korean commodities, including contemporary culture, these seem untouched by some of the tendentious prejudices exercised by South Korean. This research will emphasize the answer to the question of South Koreans who often take tendentious actions towards other countries/cultures? This article argues that the acts of prejudice committed by South Koreans are due to the high ethnocentric attitudes of South Korean society. Even when it became controversial, in the end, South Korea did not care much about cultural sensitivity to the culture of other countries. This article uses the concept of ethnocentrism as an answer to the frequent actions of either racism or things that tend to be in South Korean society. The findings confirm that the tendentious act of South Korean society stems from their feelings of cultural superiority by looking down on other cultures since Korea was colonized and is now a country with a more developed economy
Mengapa Negosiasi Internasional Gagal? Menjelaskan Kegagalan Perundingan Denuklirisasi Amerika Serikat- Korea Utara 2019
No full textThis article aims to explain the failure of US-North Korea’s denuclearization negotiation in 2019. There has not been research on this topic. In general, existing literature proposes four factors that explain the failure of international negotiation, namely, actor, structure, strategy, and process. This article contributes to existing literature by adding another variable in explaining diplomatic failure. Using Charles Kupchan’s concept of unilateral accommodation, this article argues that the failure of US-North Korea’s denuclearization negotiation in 2019 is caused by the failure at the unilateral accommodation stage due to US distrust over North Korean’s commitment in dismantling its nuclear program. Despite the fact that North Korea has sent a positive signal to the US – for example by destroying its nuclear facilities and returning US prisoners of war and soldiers’ body – the US remains unfazed. This article demonstrates that the negotiation process is largely determined by the first stage in which each party gives concessions in order to create mutual trust
Assessing Indian Ocean Economics: Perspective from Pakistan
No full textThe Indian Ocean offers the “global commons” the sea lanes of communication that connects the East with the West. These SLOCs nurtures the global economic world by providing for a classical instance of ‘multilateral maritime matrix,’ whereby merchant ships are manufactured in one country, maintained and owned by another, underwritten by third, registered in fourth and crewed by subjects of another. In this regard, the strategic and commercial concerns of nation-states extends from its immediate maritime borders to the protection of chokepoints where merchandise is most vulnerable to array of contemporary security threats. The third largest ocean, since the cessation of bipolar hostilities after the end of the Cold War, has been integrated to global market economics to a critical extent whereby any interruptions to the established trade networks is likely to have a ‘shockwave effect’. The Indian Ocean is presaged to continue as a ‘central shipment pathway’ for regional and inter-continental trade in wide scope of commercial commodity items. The patterns observed in the region consists of up gradation of existing port infrastructure and developing export markets and resources based on blue economy would strengthen maritime ties. These transformations have the potential to permit the Indian Ocean to be the “strategic heart of the maritime world”.
Minangkabau Matriliny and Gender Equality: Cultural Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals
Full text linkThe Minangkabau ethnic group is still the largest matrilineal society in the world. Past research on this ethnicity are mainly centralized on the concept of merantau (migration), on its adaptation after the enter of Islam, and on the gender role and position in Minangkabau society. This research aims to highlight the contribution of the Minangkabau matrilineal system to the local development of West Sumatra, specifically the gender equality goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); and to what extent if it were present. This research employed qualitative method, and data were collected through literature study and interview with national and local NGOs working in the field of women and development. This research discovered that theoretically, the Minangkabau matrilineal values can and should stimulate the gender equality SDGs achievement in West Sumatra. However, in reality, gender inequality still exists in West Sumatra with several SGD targets having wider gaps compared to other patrilineal societies in Indonesia. This research argues that by not wholly implementing the matrilineal values, the West Sumatran Minangkabau people has indirectly restrained themselves from achieving gender equality in the region, specifically related to violence and discrimination against women, also active participation of women in the economy and politics
Bulan Madu yang Singkat: Mengapa Turki Mengubah Sikapnya terhadap Suriah Sejak Perang Sipil 2011?
Full text linkThe Arab Spring phenomenon has a negative impact on security stability in the Middle East. One of them is triggering the Syrian civil war. The civil war, which was originally a domestic Syrian problem, then escalated to Turkish territory. In the end, it had a bad impact on the relationship between Turkey and Syria, which was good before the civil war began. This paper aims to analyze the causes of the change in Turkey's political attitude towards Syria, and the decision to intervene military in Syria. Previous studies have discussed much of Turkey's role as a peacemaker for the conflict. It did not specifically discuss the reasons behind Turkey's military intervention in Syria. With a securitization theory approach, this article identifies the existential threat factors faced by Turkey. Especially the speech act variable in this theory seeks to analyze the political statement of Turkish authorities. This study uses qualitative methods in providing causal explanations. This article identifies that the various threats faced by Turkey as implications of civil war cannot be separated from the role of the Bashar Assad regime in Syria. The main argument is the Assad regime in Syria is the main root of Turkey's various security problems. However, this article does not measure the effectiveness of Turkey's military approach to the threats it faces in Syria. The theory of securitization has limitations in carrying out this effectiveness analysis
Kerja Sama G20 dalam Pemulihan Ekonomi Global dari COVID-19
Full text linkThis study reveals the institutional performance of the G20 in order to help global economy recovery because of COVID-19. This study uses qualitative methods, providing in-depth descriptions through internet-based research as data-based techniques. This study indicates that G20 has proven its performance in carrying out a multilateral cooperation system through collective responses, which contain six dimensions, namely yaitu domestic political management; deliberation; direction setting; decision making; and development of global governance. G20's coordination creates a global network that includes interactions between international institutions, namely the IMF, WTO, and World Bank, as well as regional organizations and informal partnerships in the arena of international cooperation
Globalisasi Society 5.0 Jepang: Studi Kasus Hasil Pencarian Google di Luar Jepang Tahun 2019
Full text linkThis article seeks to describe the spread of Japan's Society 5.0 topic outside Japan based on Google's search results in 2019. Japan's Society 5.0 needs to be discussed because the global aspect of Japan's Society 5.0, namely the spread via the internet and Google, has not been researched widely. Even though, the Government of Japan committed as a role model for the world with Society 5.0. The method used in this article is a case study with data from Google Trends. The concept used is the globalization from Thomas Friedman. The results of this article show that the topic of Japan's Society 5.0 has attracted foreign public attention in several countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, India, and the United States. Then, the public in these countries also used Google to find out topics related to Japan's Society 5.0. For example, the topics of society, industry, the industrial revolution, and Industry 4.0. The spread of Japan's Society 5.0 topic in various countries can be stated in line with Thomas Friedman's argumentation on globalization which is centered on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) development.Artikel ini berupaya untuk mendeskripsikan penyebaran topik Society 5.0 Jepang di luar Jepang berdasarkan hasil pencarian Google pada tahun 2019. Society 5.0 Jepang perlu untuk dibahas karena aspek global dari Society 5.0 Jepang yaitu penyebaran melalui internet dan Google belum terlalu dikaji secara luas. Padahal, Pemerintah Jepang memiliki komitmen untuk menjadi percontohan bagi dunia dengan Society 5.0. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah studi kasus dengan data dari Google Trends. Konsep yang digunakan adalah globalisasi dari Thomas Friedman. Hasil artikel ini memperlihatkan topik Society 5.0 Jepang menjadi perhatian publik asing di beberapa negara seperti Indonesia, Malaysia, India, dan Amerika Serikat. Lalu, publik di negara-negara tersebut juga menggunakan Google untuk mencari tahu topik yang terkait dengan Society 5.0 Jepang. Contohnya adalah topik masyarakat, industri, revolusi industri, dan Industry 4.0. Penyebaran topik Society 5.0 Jepang di berbagai negara dapat dinyatakan sejalan dengan argumentasi globalisasi dari Thomas Friedman yang berpusat pada perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK)
Peran WTO dalam Menjembatani Benturan Kepentingan Antara Uni Eropa dan Indonesia dalam Perdagangan Biodiesel
Full text linkIndonesia's success at the World Trade Organization (WTO) in demanding the European Union (EU) to drop its biodiesel anti-dumping policy in 2018, as well as EU’s compliance with the decision, is a unique case when faced with the perception that international institutions tend to be inclined towards developed countries and disadvantaging developing countries. Utilizing Robert O. Keohane's liberal institutional functionalism theory, this paper describes how the WTO acted as a facilitator in resolving biodiesel disputes between the two parties. This paper argues that the WTO not only provides a dispute settlement mechanism and helps balance information biases, but also raises the cost of reputation and credibility that EU must pay if it chooses to defect the ruling. This research is not intended to show that the WTO, or international institutions and regimes in general, is an antidote for any disputes between developed and developing countries, or that it can always successfully mediate disputes between countries in general. Instead, this paper shows that international institutions can provide a platform for developing countries when facing developed countries, as long as the said actor acts rationally and makes careful calculations about its bargaining position and possible steps to be taken by its opponent.Keywords: WTO, European Union, Indonesia, anti dumping, liberal institutions, international regime, biodiesel. Kemenangan Indonesia di World Trade Organization (WTO) terhadap tuntutan penghapusan bea masuk anti dumping biodiesel Uni Eropa pada tahun 2018, serta kepatuhan Uni Eropa pada keputusan WTO tersebut, dapat dikatakan sebagai sebuah anomali ketika dihadapkan pada persepsi bahwa institusi internasional cenderung condong kepada negara maju dan merugikan negara berkembang. Tulisan ini menjabarkan bagaimana WTO berperan sebagai fasilitator dalam upaya penyelesaian sengketa biodiesel di antara kedua pihak, dengan menggunakan teori fungsionalisme institusi liberal Robert O. Keohane. WTO tidak hanya memberikan platform dan menyeimbangkan bias informasi lewat mekanisme penyelesaian sengketanya, namun juga menaikkan biaya reputasi dan kredibilitas yang harus dibayarkan Uni Eropa jika ia mengabaikan putusan institusi perdagangan internasional tersebut. Penelitian ini tidaklah ditujukan untuk menunjukkan bahwa WTO, atau institusi dan rezim internasional secara umum, dapat menjadi penawar bagi tiap-tiap pertikaian antara negara maju dan negara berkembang, atau menengahi pertikaian antar negara secara umum. Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa institusi internasional dapat memberikan wadah bagi negara berkembang ketika dihadapkan dengan negara maju, selama aktor bertindak rasional dan membuat perhitungan yang matang mengenai posisi tawarnya serta langkah-langkah yang akan ditempuh oleh lawannya.Keyword: WTO, Uni Eropa, Indonesia, anti dumping, institusi liberal, rezim internasional, biodiesel
Penyelundupan Narkoba di Perbatasan Entikong Indonesia dan Malaysia
Full text linkPermasalahan penyelundupan narkoba merupakan kejahatan lintas batas yang menjadi permasalahan yang krusial bagi negara Indonesia. Penyelundupan narkoba marak terjadi di perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia dan khususnya di Entikong Indonesia dan Tebedu Malaysia, kasus tersebut cenderung mengalami kenaikan di setiap tahunnya. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor penyebab penyelundupan narkoba di perbatasan Entikong Indonesia dan Malaysia dalam perspektif kejahatan lintas batas. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Cross Border Crime dan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif untuk melihat analisis mendalam terhadap hasil penelitian. Data pada penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa penyelundupan narkoba yang merupakan kejahatan lintas batas di perbatasan Entikong Indonesia dan Malaysia masih terjadi yang disebabkan tetap berjalannya koordinasi yang dilakukan oleh sindikat penyelundup narkoba di penjara sekalipun, minimnya fasilitas pendeteksi terhadap jalur-jalur di perbatasan, masih lemahnya pengawasan dan penindakan hukum, adanya benturan kebijakan antara Indonesia dengan Malaysia, terdapat modus operandi yang baru dalam penyelundupan narkoba tingkat internasional, serta digunakannya jalan tikus di perbatasan Entikong Indonesia dan Malaysia sebagai jalur penyelundupan narkoba