Andalas Journal of International Studies
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Analysis of the Reciprocity of Bilateral Relations between Indonesia and Brazil in 2014 – 2021
Full text linkThe longstanding trade relationship between Indonesia and Brazil suggests potential reciprocity in their bilateral interactions, primarily driven by significant trade activities in sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing, which are crucial for robust international cooperation. This study employs the cooperation hexagon concept and uses a descriptive qualitative method to examine the bilateral trade cooperation between Indonesia and Brazil from 2014 to 2021, assessing the reciprocity in the relationship dynamics. The analysis reveals an absence of reciprocity, particularly in the areas of trust and mutual benefits, highlighting a systematic failure to meet crucial cooperation variables. Despite the historical continuity of these relations, the findings emphasize an urgent need for Indonesia to intensify efforts to build more effective cooperation with Brazil. Enhancing this cooperation could leverage mutual benefits and strategic alignments, which are essential for addressing contemporary global challenges and opportunities
Dukungan Vanuatu Terhadap Kemerdekaan West Papua: Tinjauan Konstruktivisme Holistik
No full textVanuatu is one of several Melanesian countries that has been consistently supporting the independence of West Papua. Vanuatu's stance is a form of Melanesian solidarity against colonialism that based on a regional value known as Melanesian Way. Introduced by Bernard Narokobi, a Papua New Guinean philosopher and poet, Melanesian Way brought by several students of Vanuatu that studied at University of Papua New Guinean. This nationalist ideology then become the spirit or anti colonialization in Vanuatu. This ideology will be discussed in this article as identity that construct Vanuatu interest in supporting the independence of West Papua. This study applied a holistic constructivism approach to assessing how Vanuatu's identity can influence its stance in supporting West Papua’s independence from 2010-2019. From the two variables of holistic constructivism approach, the domestic and the systemic level, it was found that the domestic level had a bigger role in shaping Vanuatu's stance on West Papua’s independence. This means that Vanuatu's identity and interests are endogenously shaped in which corporate identity has a more important role than social identity.Keywords : Vanuatu, West Papua, Melanesian Way, Holistic Constructivism, identit
Economic Diplomacy through the Development of Nickel Smelters and Battery Plants in Indonesia: Obi Island Case Study
Full text linkThere is a high demand for electric batteries worldwide, driven by a growing movement towards environmentally friendly electric cars. As the country with the largest nickel producer, Indonesia can develop the technology of making raw nickel into raw materials for the world's electric batteries that will be supplied until 2040. The large number of these has an impact on the proliferation of foreign investment in Indonesia. This article will discuss the success of the Indonesian government in restoring the post-Covid-19 economy through international forums and bilateral cooperation, especially with China. The analysis of this theme uses qualitative methods to explore the success and impact further. Then, the concepts of economic diplomacy and state economic security become analytical tools to strengthen the author's argument regarding the long-term effect of too much foreign investment in Indonesia, especially cooperation with the Nickel Smelter owned by China
Diplomasi Vaksin Covid-19 Jepang di Vietnam
Full text linkJapan conducted its COVID-19 vaccine diplomacy through bilateral channels and independently, without relying on the COVAX Facility. Vietnam was the first country to receive vaccine assistance from Japan and received the largest dosage compared to other Southeast Asian nations. This was driven by Japan's desire to ensure the resilience of its supply chain in Vietnam, strengthen future political and economic ties, facilitate post-COVID-19 economic recovery, and solidify its image as a humanitarian aid donor. This study aims to describe the implementation of Japan's COVID-19 vaccine diplomacy in Vietnam. A qualitative research method with a descriptive approach was employed. The analysis revealed that Japan has successfully implemented vaccine diplomacy through bilateral and multilateral cooperation. As a result of this vaccine diplomacy, Japan has gained both emotional and material benefits. The emotional benefit lies in the increased trust of Vietnam in Japan, while the material benefits include Vietnam accepting Japanese companies relocated from China, promoting Japanese tourism in Vietnam, and enhancing trade relations between the two countries to aid Japan's post-COVID-19 economic revitalization
Business Strategy of Multinational Trading Firm in Agriculture Sector: Case Study of Archer Daniels Midland Amid Pandemic and Geopolitical Conflict
Full text linkThis research investigates how agricultural commodity trading companies formulate business strategies in response to pandemics and geopolitical conflicts. Using ADM (Archer Daniels Midland Company) as a case study, the study explores three key strategies: supply chain diversification, new market expansion, and risk mitigation. The research method involved analyzing ADM's annual reports and strategic actions during the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing geopolitical conflicts. The theoretical framework is based on the concept of economics of commodity trading firms (Pirrong, 2014, 2015) and strategic management. The findings reveal that ADM effectively diversified its supply chain by securing raw materials from multiple global sources and investing in joint ventures and strategic partnerships. The company expanded into new markets through acquisitions and collaborations, thus broadening its business portfolio beyond agricultural commodities. Additionally, ADM's enterprise risk management (ERM) program helped mitigate risks related to operational efficiency, cyber-attacks, and geopolitical disruptions. The study concludes that ADM's comprehensive strategies not only minimized the adverse effects of external shocks but also positioned the company for sustainable growth. These strategies can serve as benchmarks for other companies in the agricultural sector to enhance resilience and contribute to sustainable development goals
Maritime Security in Southeast Asia: How has ASEAN been Talking About It So Far?
Full text linkThe maritime security dynamics in the Southeast Asian region demand focused attention from ASEAN. Southeast Asia holds significant strategic importance, as evidenced by its waters now serving as Sea Lines of Communication (SLOC) for international shipping. However, this strategic value also exposes the region to various escalating security threats, particularly in the maritime domain, including piracy, Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing, Trans National Crime (TNC), and maritime border conflicts. This study sheds light on the dynamics of maritime security issues in the region across various ASEAN meetings and assesses the extent to which ASEAN has prioritized maritime security as a focal point. Through data analysis employing query coding based on Buzzerword in Nvivo, examining formal legal documents, statements, discussions, and news in ASEAN meeting forums, it is evident that ASEAN consistently addresses maritime security issues in the region. This underscores that maritime security is not a widely discussed topic within ASEAN, indicating why minimizing maritime threats in this region proves challenging. The semiotic ideas of Cristian Bueger regarding maritime security further provide insight into additional findings in this research, specifically how ASEAN has historically interpreted the definition of maritime security threats
Diplomasi Publik dan Soft Power: Sama atau Berbeda?
Full text linkPublic diplomacy has been a long-standing practice that continues to this day. Both developed and developing countries aim to design public diplomacy programs that are well-received by their target audience. Public diplomacy is closely linked to the concept of soft power, which became popular after Joseph Nye coined the term in the 1990s. Countries implement public diplomacy because they believe it can enhance their soft power. In Indonesia, the relationship between public diplomacy and soft power has been widely discussed in academic articles. However, there still needs to be a consensus on whether the two concepts are the same or different. This article aims to clarify their relationship using a literature review of articles written by leading scholars in the field. Based on the review, it can be concluded that public diplomacy and soft power are different but interconnected. Public diplomacy is often implemented to promote or generate soft power
Major Power in the Making: Analisis Komprehensif Status Indonesia dalam Hirarki Politik Internasional, 2014-2024
Full text linkIndonesia’s status as a middle power has become a commonsense in contemporary International Relations (IR) literature. Existing scholarships on this topic rely on a behavioral approach, emphasizing foreign policy characteristics in defining Indonesia’s status. Other scholars employ a material approach, measuring Indonesia’s economic as well as military capabilities. Previous studies have tended to overlook social and psychological elements of Indonesia’s international standing. This paper argues that Indonesia’s status cannot be determined by partial perspectives. Rather, it requires a comprehensive analysis by incorporating material, behavioral, social, and psychological elements to determine Indonesia’s status at the global level. Based on a comprehensive analysis of Indonesia’s foreign policy during Joko Widodo administration (2014-2024), this paper contends that Indonesia can be classified as an intermittent major power, that is, a country that not only aspires to be a major power but also asccending the hierarchy of international politics. In other words, Indonesia is a major power in the making. This idea supports the claim that Indonesia has a great power mentality stemming from its glorious past. This explains why Indonesia’s foreign policy frequently exhibits great power aspirations
Asymmetric and Hybrid Warfare in Postmodern Times: Lesson from Hezbollah-Israeli War 2006
Full text linkThis paper discussed asymmetric warfare between Hezbollah as a non-state actor against Israel in the Second Hezbollah-Israeli War in 2006. This paper focused on Hezbollah's strategy as the weaker side to fight against Israel as the state with the strongest military forces in the Middle East. The battle between Hezbollah and Israel can be categorized as post-modern warfare because it has hybrid and irregular elements of warfare. That is, the war mixes the use of conventional and non-conventional methods of warfare. This paper uses the concept of hybrid warfare and Taylor’s strategy theory to explain the Hezbollah strategy against Israel. The main objective of this paper is to analyze and explain the strategies employed by Hezbollah, a non-state actor, in the Second Hezbollah-Israeli War in 2006, utilizing the concepts of asymmetric and hybrid warfare. The paper focuses on Hezbollah's use of post-modern strategies, such as guerrilla tactics, unconventional warfare methods, information warfare, and psychological tactics, to counter the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) and achieve its goals in the asymmetric conflict. This paper finds that Hezbollah uses elements of post-modern strategy by conducting guerrilla and hide-and-seek tactics, mixing the use of conventional and modern warfare equipment, the use information and media, engaging in acts of terror, and applying psychological warfare to achieve the ultimate goal the main objective) in the fight against Israel Defense Force (IDF)
Gerakan Hak-Hak Disabilitas di Bali: Analisis Fenomenologi dalam Penyebaran Norma Internasional Hak-Hak Disabilitas
Full text linkThe Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) ratified by Indonesia in 2011, presents the perspective of the fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities. The process of internalizing disability rights norms at the domestic level does not occur linearly, but through the struggles of the disability rights activists in their respective regions. Taking place in Bali, this study investigates the motivations and causes of the involvement of disability rights actors in disseminating disability rights norms. By using a transnationalism theory and phenomenological methods, this study finds that the spread of international norms on disability rights in Bali occurred as a social movement that had grown before the ratification of the CRPD. There is an open interaction between local, national and international actors. The self-struggle against discrimination and the interaction of movement actors in Bali with international volunteers who have a cosmopolitan consciousness, gave birth to the movement agency. CRPD provides an opportunity and direction for movement actors to advocate local regulations for the fulfillment of disability rights. In their social environment, they build awareness to the persons with disabilities and their families, as well as showed the wider community that persons with disabilities have the competence to be independent