Novus - Online tidsskrifter (Novus forlag)
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Skolehuset som kulturminne: Lokale verdier og nasjonal kulturminneÂforvaltning
Get PDFThe one room schoolhouses in Norway reflect an era of reforms in education and development of democratic, social institutions in the late 19th century. Although the school reform was an achievement of great importance, the one room schoolhouses as objects of cultural heritage are not considered important by the heritage authorities, and not a single one is protected by law. In spite of lack of national commitment, people in local communities have preserved these buildings both as local museums and for use as local meeting houses. The local approaches to these buildings as heritage differ from the Authorized Heritage Discourse (AHD) which does reflect a focus on architecture, age and relevance for the nation, safeguarded by professional antiquarians. The AHD in Norway is not in line with the National white papers and international charters and conventions, especially the Faro Convention which stresses the role of local participation, cooperation and need to involve everyone in society in the ongoing process of defining and managing cultural heritage. The challenge is how to ensure local participation when the AHD still reflects professionalism and predefined criteria for value assessment
Apartheidideologi og materiell kultur
Get PDFThe article discusses some of the controversies related to the Voortrekkermonument located on the hills south of Pretoria (Tswane) in South Africa. The monument was inaugurated in 1949 during the installation of the new apartheid regime. For many years it was celebrated as an icon of apartheid and was used by the National Party and extreme right wing groups honoring Afrikaner history and the politics of apartheid. The presence of an apartheid ideology in the historical friezes in the Hall of Heroes is, however, not obvious. The presentation of the wars between the Boers and the Ndebele and Zulus does not necessarily represent the ideology and politics of apartheid. The complete absence of the so-called âcoloredâ population in the friezes may, on the other hand, be interpreted as a sign of apartheid. This makes it difficult to see how the Voortrekkermonument successfully can become part of the national cultural heritage of the new, democratic South Africa
Blikk for virkelighet
Get PDFLe Mercure galant, launched in 1672 and appearing monthly in Paris from 1678, is one of the earliest literary periodicals in Europe. Despite its broad and eager readership, and the longevity of this manifold journalistic phenomenon, the periodical has received surprisingly little attention in research on the early formation of a modern âpublic sphereâ following and revising Habermasâ groundbreaking study from 1962. This paper examines how Le Mercure galant managed to engage readers of both sexes from all over France in a public debate about private and trivial matters, about love and marriage, education and fashion, moral principles and appropriate conduct. It traces the important rhetorical forms and communicative strategies used, with a special focus on the editorâs presentation of so called âveritable storiesâ (histoires véritables) from the everyday world. The paper highlights the didactic functions of these stories, based on the age old rhetoric of examples. But it also demonstrates how certain stories are presented as cases, with dilemmas to be solved by the readers, in a way that is connected to the (juridical, theological and literary) practice of casuistry. The play with dilemmas opened a secular, public room for discussions â which adds to the âmodernityâ of a periodical that already from its start was associated with everything âmodernâ
Branly - postkolonialt eller nykolonialt museum?
Get PDFThe article presents the backdrop to the quai Branly museum in Paris, inaugurated in June 2006, and discusses the policy of the museum and the (political) debate it aroused during its first year. The museum was the French president's cherished project. It balances precariously between art and anthropology, and its conception was due to a political elite, to antiquarians and collectors, as well as to an architect, as much as - or perhaps even more - than to researchers and museologists.The museum has turned out a great success, with close to two million visitors the first year. As a consequence, the interest for primitive art has increased enormously and the prices of these objects are soaring. At the same time, however, the museum’s policy and its permanent exhibition have been slaughtered by a considerable number of critics.Seen from the outside, the new museum building is impressive. Not so the inside, i.e. the permanent exhibition, which has been coined by some critics a «theme park for exotic cultures» or an «African Disneyland». On one level, the problem is a clash between aesthetics and context, or - if one likes - between art and ethnography. On a deeper level however, the problem seems to be due to an ethnocentrism which is far from dead, in spite of all postcolonial aspirations. This ethnocentrism may analytically be divided into three: a western tendency toward a universalist conception of aesthetics, an unsolved question of what equality between cultures actually means, and finally a weakly developed understanding of how demanding real integration is in the French society. «The Other» seem to have hibernated in the museology and the politics behind the Branly museum.These issues are discussed in the light of the reception by the public and by critics, French and foreign. The hope for a more promising museology lies in the museum's temporary exhibitions, some of which have signalled a much more reflexive approach to the ghosts of the past
Redaksjonellt: Krisekultur
No full textAlle artiklene i dette nummeret berører forholdet mellom den uregjerlige naturen og menneskets ønske om å kontrollere den. Anders Ekström og Henrik Svensen har skrevet artikkelen ”Naturkatastrofer i menneskets tidsalder: Mot en tverrfaglig forståelse av antropocen-begrepet”. De argumenterer for at de menneskeskapte endringene i jordens geologi er såpass grunnleggende at de endrer forholdet mellom naturprosesser og kulturelle prosesser. Natur og kultur er filtret sammen på måter som gjør det nødvendig med et langt tettere samarbeid mellom menneskevitenskapene og naturvitenskapene. Det gjelder i særlig grad forståelsen av klimarelaterte naturkatastrofer. Ekström og Svensson diskuterer hvorvidt det nokså nylig introduserte epokebegrepet antropocen kan bidra til en slik tverrfaglig kunnskapsproduksjon
âExotismâ on display at La Specola Museum
No full textIn Florence, âLa Specolaâ Museum was first opened to the public in 1775, by order of the enlightened Grand Duke Peter Leopold of Lorraine who wished to put together all the ânatural curiositiesâ from his collections, as well as from the Medici ones, in the context of an enlightened project of popular education. The zoological collections consisted of many Italian and foreign specimens, and among them on display were several amazing animals, peculiar for their provenance, rarity or dimension that gave rise to the social imagination of the Museum visitors. âââThis paper provides a selection of the unusual animals on display and gives an account of their arrival at La Specola Museum as many specimens have a âstoryâ to tell the visitor
Probable Creatures - a Commentary
Get PDFIn Brian Ogilvieâs essay we encounter insects depicted as flying, hopping or crawling across disciplinary boundaries in early modern Europe. Before entomology was named and transformed into a discipline around the middle of the 18th century, those observing and describing insects were operating within what could be defined as different communities of practice (cf. Star and Bowker 1999). These would sustain separate conventions, aims and codes of representation, but at the same time the small creatures were straddling the borders separating them, these borders being both tightly drawn and highly permeable, as we can read in Ogilvieâs article. They were tightly drawn as the practitioners identified themselves as involved in different projects, and they were on the other hand highly permeable as the insects and their representations travelled easily from one community to the other
Audun Kristoffer Kjus 2007. Sakens Fakta. Fortellingsstrategier i straffesaker.
Get PDFDe inledande frågorna i Sakens fakta handlar om vad som sker när man väljer att titta på rätten som en arena för berättelser. Vad händer, vad får vi syn på, om vi betraktar rätten som en plats där individer âforhandler med fortellingerâ? Med detta anslag placerar sig avhandlingen på det fält som kan beskrivas som rättens narrativa etnografi. Det rör sig om en forskningstradition som intresserar sig för vad rätten gör med berättelser, och vad berättelser och berättande i sin tur gör med rätten. Eller varför inte låta författaren säga det med egna ord: âDet jeg vil ha frem, er hvordan straffeprosessene tar seg ut når dette, i den rettslige hverdagen taust forutsatte aspektet trekkes i forgrunnenâ (s. 7). Och jag kan redan nu säga att Audun Kjus ger ett både värdefullt och originellt bidrag till denna forskning. Sakens fakta är på många sätt en alldeles utmärkt avhandling. Inte minst är den nyttig läsning för alla som på något sätt har anledning att reflektera över rätten som en dömande arena. Det gäller jurister och poliser i lika hög grad som forskare, journalister och politiker
Opplevelse av natur og tid i hverdagslivet
Get PDFEveryday lives are characterized by the so-called time bind, at least in post industrial societies. Hence we tend to strive to earn moments that are exempted from the mechanical clock and calendar time. Based on a qualitative case study from the Norwegian rural town of Brumunddal, on the use and experiences of nature areas near peopleâs homes, we argue in this article that a relief from the time bind is found in concrete and dynamic experiences of time in nature. Often this seems to occur when we, for instance by taking a short evening walk, relate ourselves to nature and its inimitable rhythms and processes of durations. In order to frame the informants empirical interpretations of the relation between time and nature, we bring together some central aspects of the positions of Maurice Merleau-Ponty - that the body subject incarnates experiences, and of Henri Bergson - that time should be understood as concrete durations, seeing that conceptualizations of the intuitive in human experience makes the two perspectives intersect at some central points. It is concluded that when engaging ourselves with nature, time can be experienced in a holistic and relational manner, and thus - in contrast to chronological time â as situational, dynamic and changeable
Vennskap og ambivalens
Get PDFThis article deals with the relationship between an élite and the folk, as this relationship is visible in Norwegian popular enlightenment (folkeopplysning). In particular, the article explores the rhetorics of a Norwegian educational journal, entitled Folkevennen (âFriend of the peopleâ). This journal (1852-1900) was dedicated to transforming the Norwegian folk - that is in essence the peasantry â into an enlightened, efficient and morally sound one. This was no easy task The goal of the popular educators can be described as the attempt to lessen the gap between the real and the ideal people. The ideal people was conscious of its historical heritage and of the value of time, while the real people could be considered historically ignorant and morally corrupt. The article tries to uncover what kind of ambivalence that was characteristic of this kind of educational philanthropism