Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi Ouzou (UMMTO): Research Review of Sciences and Technologies
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Ngaoui : terre d’accueil et espace en voie de patrimonialisation Mbororo (Adamaoua-Cameroun)
Get PDFNgaoui is an administrative unit in the Mbéré division. Town at the border of Central African Republic (CAR) is a cosmopolitan area. There are living Mboum, Gbaya, Kanouri, Fulani, Haoussa people and usually the Mbororo. All of them are fruits of different vague of migration on different time; each group has known how to invade the space base on their know-how. Following the different activities carried on this space, the environment has completely changed. The most indigenous of the people are their Mbororo. The latter impose themselves and shine through their achievements which considerably impact the geographical framework of Ngaoui and dominate the activities of the region, thus allowing them to control the region.Ngaoui, est une unité administrative dans le département du Mbéré. Ville frontalière entre la RCA et le Cameroun, c’est un milieu cosmopolite où on rencontre une multitude de peuples. Il s’agit entre autres des Mboum, des Gbaya, des Kanouri, des Peuls, des Haoussa et éventuellement des Mbororo. Tous, arrivés dans la zone par vague de migration et à des périodes distinctes, chaque groupe a su domestiquer cet environnement à sa manière. Et de par leurs activités diverses, cet espace a subi une profonde transformation issue des différents humains donc les plus remarquables sont les Mbororo qui semblent être plus entreprenants au travers de leurs savoir-faire. Ces derniers s’imposent et brillent à travers leurs réalisations qui impactent considérablement le cadre géographique de Ngaoui et dominent les activités principales de la région, leur permettant ainsi de contrôler la région
The first November 1954 in Algeria the inevitability of the armed struggle
Get PDFإن رد فعل الجزائريين أبطل إدعاءات الاستعمار الفرنسي بعد اندلاع المقاومة الشعبية المسلحة، التي استمرت حوالي ست وثمانيين سنة. فقد عبروا عن كرههم للاستعمار، وٲظهروا استعدادهم لتلبية نداء أي قائد أو زعيم يحمل راية الكفاح والمقاومة من أجل الحفاظ على الضمير الوطني حيا، وأن تستقل الجزائر. ومن أشهر المقاومات: مقاومة ابن زعموم في الجزائر خلال صيف وخريف 1830م، ومقاومة الأمير عبد القادر في الغرب الجزائري وغيرها من المقاومات. ما زاد من تأزم أوضاع الجزائريين المعيشية، هو مصادرة أراضيهم الزراعية التي كانت تشكل مصدر رزقهم الوحيد، وتنكرت لجميع ما قدمت من وعود للشعب الجزائري أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية، وتراجعت تراجعا مخزيا متنكرة لأبسط المبادئ والقيم الإنسانية التي حارب الحلفاء من أجلها ورضخت لإرادة المستوطنين في إبقاء ما كان. ونسيت كل تعهداتها عندما نزل بها ضرر الاحتلال. فكان جزاء سكان الجزائر مقابل تضحياتهم الكبيرة، تلك المأساة التي ستبقى وصمة عار في تاريخ الاستعمار الفرنسي فتعمق الجرح الجزائري، ومعه روح الكراهية ضدها، حينه أدرك الجميع أن ما أخذ بالقوة لا يسترد إلا بالقوة. بعد المجازر التي ارتكبتها فرنسا في حق الجزائريين الأبرياء يوم 08 ماي 1945م فكرت في تهدئة الأوضاع في الجزائر ولكي تبرٲ نفسها أمام الرأي العالمي، قامت بإصدار القانون الخاص الذي أقر في 20 سبتمبر 1947مThe reaction of the Algerians refuted the false allegations of French colonialism after the outbreak of the armed popular resistance, which lasted about eighty-six years. They expressed their hatred of colonialism, and they were ready to answer the call of any leader who would carry the banner of struggle and resistance in order to keep the national consciousness alive, and for Algeria to achieve independence. Among the most famous resistances: the resistance of Ibn Zamoum on the Algerian territory during the summer and autumn of 1830, the resistance of Emir Abdelkader in the Algerian west and other resistances. What worsened the living conditions of the Algerians was the confiscation of their agricultural land, which was their only source of subsistence, and they reneged on all the promises made to the Algerian people during the Second World War, and they withdrew in shame, disguising the simplest principles and human values for which the allies fought and acquiesced to the will of the settlers to keep what was. And she forgot all her commitments when the damage of the occupation inflicted on her Their Reward for the population of Algeria in exchange for their great sacrifices, this drama that will remain a disgrace in the history of French colonialism, has deepened the Algerian wound, and with it the spirit of hatred against her, at that time everyone realized that what was taken by force can only be recovered by force. After the massacres committed by France against innocent Algerians on May 08, 1945 AD, it thought of calming the situation in Algeria and to justify itself before the world opinion, it published the special law which was approved on September 20, 1947
Dynamic response analysis of truss bridges under the effect of moving vehicles
Get PDFWith the characteristics of heavy and concentrated loads, the influence of moving loads on the dynamic response of the bridges is significant. Therefore, in this paper, the dynamic response of a large-scale truss bridge is studied to consider the effect of the various parameters of moving loads. The considered main parameters consist of moving mass, moving velocity, and type of moving loads. The nonlinear dynamics of the bridge based on time history analysis are obtained using the Wilson- method. Four time history – based dynamic analysis methods including modal superposition in frequency domain, modal superposition in time domain; direct time integration, and direct solution in the frequency domain are employed to analysis the obtained results. To compare the effectiveness of the aforementioned method. A large-scale railway truss bridge is employed for dynamic response analysis. The obtained results give more insight into the nature of the problem and help to determine the significant parameters of moving load affecting the bridge response
Simulation study on the influence of a dielectric constant gradient in the concrete on the direct wave of GPR measurements
Get PDFGround Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a non-destructive technique based on the propagation of electromagnetic wave, the propagation characteristics (speed, level of signal attenuation, ...) depend on the electromagnetic properties of the material through which it passes, where the dielectric constant of the material is one of the key parameters. Previous studies mainly based on the analysis of reflected signals to evaluate the transmission medium. Recently, the research to exploit the application of GPR direct wave (wave propagate directly in the material from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna) for characterization of the structural materials is becoming a matter of great interest.This paper focuses on studying on the influence of a gradient of dielectric constant in concrete on GPR direct wave, and at the same time evaluates the survey depth of GPR direct wave in concrete materials. The studying was carried out by simulation method based on GPRmax - 2D software fortwo concrete models with two gradients of dielectric constant and simultaneously with two antennas with center frequencies of 1.5 GHz and 2.6 GHz, respectively.Analysis of the obtained simulation results allows to evaluate the influence of the dielectric constant gradient on the GPR direct wave and the survey depth of the GPR direct wave.
Evaluation of circumferential properties of Jute/Epoxy tubes manufactured by filament winding based on the fiber orientation.
Get PDFThe introduction of bio-composites in the manufacture of tubes by the filament winding technique poses a real challenge for design engineers. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties in circumferential traction and in circumferential compression of Jute-Epoxy tubes whose winding angle is considered to be variable. The experimental study is carried out on 6 tube configurations of 92 mm in diameter. The tubes tested are made of 4 layers. The selected α fiber winding angles are (50 °, 55 °, 60 °, 65 °, 75 °, and 90 °). Circumferential tensile and stiffness tests are established according to the specifications of ASTM D2290 and ASTM D2412 respectively. The results obtained allowed us to analyze the influence of the winding angle on the properties of the tubes
The investigation of Cut-and-cover, top-down construction method for a metro underground station; case study: 'Naghsh-e-Jahan Metro Station, Esfahan, Iran'
Get PDFNaghsh-e-Jahan subway station is located in Esfahan historical context with 186 meters' distance to the Sheikh Fazlolah mosque – one of the historical cosmopolitan attractions. The subway station is in a shallow depth, soft surrounding soils and with wide span and in a downtown location, have made the situation so critical that precise assessments, not only for the station support but also for compensating the ground settlement, are needed. One of the prerequisite procedures for large underground structures, the cut-and-cover approach, is constructed top-down using the Diaphragm Wall system. This method can be functional in conditions where minimum vertical displacements are essential since roof covering and improvement can be performed even when the excavation operation is not terminated. The embankment process can be done just right after the roof slab is complete and reaches reliable strength. This study uses the Finite Element method to simulate all the construction stages and analyze the ground behavior. It has been observed that the width and the length of diaphragm walls and middle barrettes on the ground settlements. Ground settlement for various stages of excavation at the cross-section and longitudinal section of the station is shown that settlements are spandrel and maximum settlements occur close to the diaphragm walls. As excavation continues, ground surface settlements become concave, and the maximum surface settlements occur at a bit of distance from the diaphragm walls for about 17mm. Furthermore, the diaphragm wall's thickness of 100 cm of diaphragm wall is recommended for optimum values
Communism versus Capitalism in John Steinbeck’s In Dubious Battle (1936)
Get PDFThis article analyses the two conflicting ideologies of Capitalism and Communism in John Steinbeck’s In Dubious Battle (1936). Its aim is to study the socio-economic situation in the USA during the decade of the 1930s, known as the period of the Great Depression, to show the impact of the latter on the development of the above mentioned ideologies in this period of economic turmoil. In Dubious Battle describes the farmers’ life during the 1930s and their struggle against the capitalists who deprived them of their basic rights. The events of the novel are based on Steinbeck’s observations while he infiltrated in the strikes fought by the working class known also as the proletariat, and led by communist leaders against the capitalist practices of the employers or the Bourgeoisie. The analysis of the ideological conflict in In Dubious Battle reveals the strategies of the Communist Party, which has taken the cause of the downtrodden working class to displace Capitalism from the political ground
الممارسات اللغوية والدعامة التكنولوجية" "خطاب الفايسبوك أنموذجا
No full textرف العالم تطورا تكنولوجيا واسعا في شتى المجاالت، حيث شهدت اللغة شكالها التعبيرية شكال جديدا من التجلي الرمزي، باعتماد تقنيات التكنولوجيا بمختلف ا الحديثة،والوسائط االلك ترونية،فقد وجدت اللغة فضاء خصبا الستثمار رغبة الذات الكاتبة في التعبير شكاال لغوية خذ المشهد التواصلي يتخذ ا عن شؤونها النفسية واالجتماعية، وا مختلفة عبر شبكات التواصل االجتماعي التي تسعى من خالل تقنياتها وتطبيقاتها إلى إتاحة منظومة تواصلية جديدة بين مستخدميها، وعليه سنسعى من خالل هذ الدراسة إلى رصد شكال الممارسات ال ا لغوية المتاحة على شبكة الفايسبوك و كيف تتشكل هذه الممارسات
الاستلزام الحواريّ المخصّص في الخطاب القرآني (خرق قاعدة الكيف أنموذجًا)
No full textThe paper is highly concerned about decoding the Quranic dialogues by the way used by Grace in his famous essay "Logic and Conversation" which focuses on studying language pragmatically. The paper deals with the study of Grace's way with conversation coping with the rule of cooperation. It shows that Grace'way is widely used in the wholly Quran with various strategies following epistemological prompts and revealing the psychological doctrinal religious personal and emotional impressions inside the speaker. The paper proves that truth and untruth are concepts discovered not by whether the speaker is honest or a lier more than whether his speech is supported by quranic witnesses and reality. This way leads to different hidden pragmatical aims as irony, mocking, praising, intimacy, love of power, and exaggeration that the speaker doesn't reveal such issues due to different moral, social, psychological, or beneficial reasons