Jurnal Pertanian UMPAR (Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare)
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The Potential of Endophite Fungus as Control of Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease in Rice
No full textEndophytic fungi have the potential as biocontrol agents against bacterial leaf blight caused by a Xanthomonas oryzae pv Oryzae to support environmentally friendly agriculture. This study aims to select endophytic fungal isolates that have the potential as biocontrol agents against bacterial leaf blight. This research was divided into 3 stages: 1) isolation and rejuvenation of endophytic fungi isolate; 2) antagonistic test of endophytic fungi isolates against Xoo bacteria in vitro; 3) in vivo test of endophytic fungi isolates which are antagonistic in rice plants. As many as 16 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated and rejuvenated, 6 isolates of endophytic fungi were antagonistic in vitro tests, the application of endophytic fungi isolates on rice plants was able to increase the resistance of rice plant highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately susceptible to moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible.Cendawan endofit memiliki potensi sebagai agen biokontrol terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae untuk mendukung pertanian ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi isolate cendawan endofit yang memiliki potensi sebagai agen biokontrol terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri. Penelitian ini dibagi dalam 3 tahapan yaitu: 1) isolasi dan peremajaan isolate cendawan endofit; 2) uji antagonis isolate cendawan endofit terhadap bakteri Xoo secara in vitro; 3) uji in vivo isolate cendawan endfotif yang bersifat antagonis pada tanaman padi. Sebanyak 16 isolat cendawan endofit telah diisolasi dan diremajakan, 6 isolat cendawan endofit bersifat antagonis pada uji in vitro, aplikasi isolat cendawan endofit pada tanaman padi mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman padi dari sangat rentan, rentan, agak rentan menjadi agak tahan, agak rentan dan rentan
Respon Imun Larva Udang Vanamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) dengan Bioenkapsulasi Vitamin C pada Artemia salina
No full textThe low quality of vannamei shrimp seeds during larval rearing causes vannamei shrimp seeds to be more susceptible to disease, thus affecting production success. This situation can be overcome by increasing the immune response of vanamei larvae through the administration of vitamin C. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Artemia salina bio encapsulation with vitamin C to increase immunity against vibriosis disease of vannamei shrimp larvae. The treatment tried was the addition of vitamin C through A. salina bio encapsulation with four different doses, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm as well as control (without vitamin C), each with three replicates using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Vaname shrimp seeds were reared from Mysis-PL11 stadia in 50-liter capacity crates, 40-liter volume of media water with a density of 40 fish/liter, then checked Total hemocyte count (THC), Differential hemocyte count (DHC) before and after the challenge test was carried out by using Vibrio harveyii bacteria. The results showed that the effectiveness of the immunostimulant vitamin C through A. salina bio encapsulation to prevent vibriosis had a significant effect on the immune system of Mysis-PL11 stadia vannamei shrimp larvae with the highest THC value of 41 x 104 cells/mm, DHC (66.67% hyaline, 27 .67% semi-granular, 67.67% granular) in the treatment with the addition of 50 ppm vitamin C.Rendahnya mutu benih udang vaname selama pemeliharaan larva menyebabkan benih udang vaname lebih rentan terhadap penyakit sehingga mempengaruhi keberhasilan produksi. Keadaan ini dapat diatasi dengan meningkatkan respon imun larva vanamei melalui pemberian vitamin C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas bioenkapsulasi Artemia salina dengan vitamin C untuk meningkatkan kekebalan terhadap penyakit vibriosis larva udang vaname. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah penambahan vitamin C melalui bioenkapsulasi A. salina dengan empat dosis yang berbeda, 20, 30, 40, dan 50 ppm serta kontrol (tanpa vitamin C), masing-masing tiga kali ulangan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Benih udang vaname dipelihara dari stadia Mysis-PL11 pada wadah krat kapasitas 50 liter, volume air media 40 liter dengan kepadatan 40 ekor/liter kemudian dilakukan pengecekan Total haeomcyte count (THC), Differential haeomcyte count (DHC) sebelum dan sesudah uji tantang dilakukan dengan menggunakan bakteri Vibrioharveyii. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas imunostimulan vitamin C melalui bioenkapsulasi A. salina untuk mencegah penyakit vibriosis berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sistem kekebalan tubuh larva udang vaname stadia Mysis-PL11 dengan nilai THC tertinggi 41 x 104 sel/mm, DHC (66,67% hialin, 27,67% semi-granular, 67,67% granular) pada perlakuan penambahan vitamin C dosis 50 ppm
Profil Organ Pencernaan, Kualitas Karkas dan Potongan Bagian Karkas Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Tepung Daun Mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia Linn) Fermentasi Sebagai Imbuhan Pakan
No full textThis study aims to examine the effect of using fermented noni leaf flour and determine the appropriate level to support the productivity of broiler chickens. This study used one hundred DOC broiler chickens with feed consisting of corn, concentrate, bran, and fermented noni leaf meal. The study was arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 noni leaf level treatments: P0: 0% fermented noni leaf powder, P1 = 5%, P2 = 10%, and P3 = 15%. The parameters observed were the weight and relative length of the digestive organs, the weight and percentage of the carcass, the weight and percentage of abdominal fat, and the percentage of carcass pieces. The results showed that the use of fermented noni leaf flour up to 15% in the ration had a significant effect (P>0.05) on the percentage of small intestine weight (duodenum, jejenum and ileum), cecum length, carcass weight, abdominal fat, thigh carcass pieces, and wing. However, it did not affect (P>0.05) the weight of the ventricular, proventriculus, cecum, large intestine, length of the small intestine and large intestine, and breast and back carcass pieces. Using fermented noni leaf flour up to 15% can increase the percentage of small intestine weight, caecum length, carcass weight, abdominal fat, carcass wing, and thigh pieces in broiler chickens aged 35 days.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek penggunaan tepung daun mengkudu fermentasi dan menentukan level yang sesuai untuk mendukung produktivitas ayam broiler. Sebanyak 100 ekor DOC ayam broiler digunakan dalam penelitian ini, pakan yang digunakan terdiri dari jagung, konsentrat, dedak, dan tepung daun mengkudu fermentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan dengan level P0: 0% tepung daun mengkudu fermentasi, P1= 5% tepung daun mengkudu fermenasi, P2 = 10% tepung daun mengkudu fermentasi, dan P3 = 15% tepung daun mengkudu fermentasi. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini adalah bobot dan panjang relatif organ pencernaan, bobot dan persentase karkas, bobot dan persentase lemak abdominal, persentase potongan karkas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung daun mengkudu fermentasi hingga taraf 15% dalam ransum memberikan pengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap persentase bobot usus halus (duodenum, jejenum dan ileum), panjang sekum, bobot karkas, lemak abdominal, potongan karkas paha dan sayap. Namun tidak berpengaruh (P>0,05) terhadap bobot ventrikulus, proventrikulus, sekum, usus besar, panjang usus halus dan usus besar serta potongan karkas dada dan punggung. Penggunaan tepung daun mengkudu fermentasi hingga taraf 15% dapat meningkatkan persentase bobot usus halus, panjang sekum, bobot karkas, lemak abdominal, potongan karkas sayap dan paha pada ayam broiler umur 35 hari
Uji Daya Hasil Cabai Rawit (Capsicum annuum L.) Generasi F8 Silangan Varietas Bara x Lokal Sukabumi di Dataran Rendah
No full textThis study aims to obtain cayenne pepper genotypes that have superior growth characteristics. This research was conducted in Popalia Village, Tanggetada District, Kolaka Regency. This research started from September 2021 to March 2022. This study used nine genotypes of cayenne pepper consisting of six F8 generations, namely: F8145291-115-81-1-1-9(G1), F8145291-4-13- 9-8-1-4(G2), F8145291-14-9-3-12-1-8(G3), F8145291-4-13-9-8-1-6 (G4), F8145291-4-13 -9-8-1-3(G5), F8145291-115-81-1-1-11(G6), which was then compared with three commercial cayenne varieties, namely: Cakra Putih(G7), Dewata F1(G8), Lantern (G9). This research was conducted using a randomized block design (RAK), single-factor treatment with nine cayenne genotypes. Each genotype treatment consisted of three replications with 27 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 20 plants, with ten plants used as samples, so there were a total of 270 sample plants. The observed variables included: plant height, stem diameter, flowering age, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit number, fruit weight, fruit weight per plant and average harvest age. Based on the yield test on growth characters, it was found that the genotype F8145291-115-81-1-1-9 (G1) had the highest average number of fruits, so it has the potential to be developed in the lowlands
Seleksi Beberapa Hasil Persilangan Genotipe Jagung (Zea mays L) Tipe Daun Tegak
No full textThis study aims to determine several genotypes of upright leaf-type maize with high production, in addition to knowing the genotypic characters obtained from the selection of upright leaf-type corn with closer spacing. The study was arranged as an experiment using a randomized block design (RBD) with the treatment of types of corn resulting from crosses. There were 6 genotypes tested, namely SU1, SU2, SU3, SU4, SU5, SU6, and 2 control genotypes namely SU7 (variety RK75) and SU8 (variety RK457). Genotypes were tested based on agronomic characteristics and yield. The results showed that the production of the tested and the control genotypes were not significantly different. However, the highest average production was found in the comparison genotype, especially the RK457 variety, which was 7.49 t/ha. The results of the selection of agronomic characters stated that the genotypes tested and the control genotypes showed no significantly different results on the characters of plant height, cob height, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf angle but significantly different on the stem diameter character. Genotype SU5 had an average stem diameter of 20.75 mm, not significantly different from genotype SU6 (18.95mm), RK457 (19.24 mm), and RK75 (17.79 mm). However, it was significantly different from the genotypes SU1 (16.35 mm), SU2 (14.40 mm), SU3 (16.05 mm), and SU4 (16.93 mm). The selection results for yield characteristics stated that the tested and control genotypes did not have significantly different characters
Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Jamur Tiram Putih di Desa Simbang Kecamatan Simbang Kabupaten Maros : (Studi Kasus Kelompok Wanita Tani Simbang Sejahtera)
No full textThe sale of mushrooms depends on demand in the village as well as demand from outside the region, such as the Makassar area, minimal capital and lack of production facilities that can support production. This research was carried out in Simbang Village, Simbang District, Maros Regency in October-November 2022. The purpose of this study is to find out internal and external factors and to find out how the oyster mushroom business development strategy of the Simbang Sejahtera Peasant Women's Group, Simbang Village, Simbang District, Maros Regency. The research methods used were observation, interviews and documentation by taking 25 people as respondents. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The data analysis used is a SWOT analysis. From the results of the analysis internal actors, namely marketing, human resources, production and operations, and finance. External factors are economic, climate, demographic, social, governmental, customer, supplier, and industry. the results of the SWOT analysis and QSPM and AHP there are 4 alternative strategies based on the location of the oyster mushroom business in quadrant I, which can be implemented, namely optimizing production to increase profits, being consistent in maintaining the quality of oyster mushrooms, expanding market reach online, and making processed oyster mushroom products in accordance with changes in consumer tastes who apply a healthy lifestyle, and can integrate alternative strategies to optimize the performance of the oyster mushroom business
Pertumbuhan Bayam Brasil (Alternanthera sissoo hort) secara Hidroponik dengan Pupuk Organik Cair dari Lindi Reaktor Biogas Feses Manusia
No full textThe slurry is one of the results of fermentation of organic material from a biogas reactor, which can be used as plant fertilizer because it is rich in macronutrients. The Brazilian spinach plant, known to contain a lot of vitamin E, is suitable for organic cultivation in a hydroponic system, which requires good fertilizer intake. This research aims to study the effect and best dose of liquid organic fertilizer from human waste-based biogas reactor leachate on the growth of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo hort) in a hydroponic system. Six treatments were used in this study: K0 (no fertiliser), K1 (500 ppm fertiliser from AB mix), K2 (500 ppm commercial POC), P1 (250 ppm biogas reactor slurry POC), and P2 (500 ppm biogas) with 5 replications for each treatment. Brazilian spinach growth parameters measured included plant height, number of leaves, root length, wet weight, and dry weight. Plant growth parameter data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and DMRT tests. The nutrient analysis results show that the POC macronutrient levels of human feces slurry does not meet the POC standards, according to the Ministry of Agriculture. However, giving it at a dose of 250 ppm has been proven to support the growth of Brazilian spinach plants
Pengaruh Fermentasi dan Asal Biji Kakao Terhadap Mutu Produk Olahan Kakao (Coklat Batang)
No full textThe source of raw materials and the fermentation process carried out really need to be considered when processing it into chocolate bar products. This research aimed to determine the effect of seed origin and fermentation treatment on product quality and quality. The treatments in this research were cocoa beans from Soppeng Regency (South Sulawesi) and Polman Regency (West Sulawesi) with differences in fermentation time, namely 5 days and 7 days. The research results show that the raw material for cocoa beans used in making processed chocolate bars is influenced by the origin of the beans and the fermentation treatment. Visual test results showed that there was no difference in results for seeds from Soppeng and Polman. The processed product is brown in color and has a distinctive aroma because it comes from fermented cocoa beans. Testing for water content and fat content is greatly influenced by the fermentation process where a good stirring process during the fermentation process can increase the fat content and reduce the water content. Test results for metal contamination: Lead <0.0134, Cadmium <0.0013, Tin <0.0776, Mercury and Arsenic <0.0002. The results of microbial testing were TPC 1.2 x 101 and 7.0 x 101 colonies/g, Escherichia coli <3, Mold and Yeast 1.3 x 102 and 7.0 x 101 colonies/g and Salmonella was negative. The results of testing for metal contamination and microbiology show that processed cocoa products (chocolate bars) at the Politani Pangkep cocoa processing workshop are safe for consumption because they have test results below the SNI reference value.The source of raw materials and the fermentation process carried out really need to be considered when processing it into chocolate bar products. This research aimed to determine the effect of seed origin and fermentation treatment on product quality and quality. The treatments in this research were cocoa beans from Soppeng Regency (South Sulawesi) and Polman Regency (West Sulawesi) with differences in fermentation time, namely 5 days and 7 days. The research results show that the raw material for cocoa beans used in making processed chocolate bars is influenced by the origin of the beans and the fermentation treatment. Visual test results showed that there was no difference in results for seeds from Soppeng and Polman. The processed product is brown in color and has a distinctive aroma because it comes from fermented cocoa beans. Testing for water content and fat content is greatly influenced by the fermentation process where a good stirring process during the fermentation process can increase the fat content and reduce the water content. Test results for metal contamination: Lead <0.0134, Cadmium <0.0013, Tin <0.0776, Mercury and Arsenic <0.0002. The results of microbial testing were TPC 1.2 x 101 and 7.0 x 101 colonies/g, Escherichia coli <3, Mold and Yeast 1.3 x 102 and 7.0 x 101 colonies/g and Salmonella was negative. The results of testing for metal contamination and microbiology show that processed cocoa products (chocolate bars) at the Politani Pangkep cocoa processing workshop are safe for consumption because they have test results below the SNI reference value
Efektifitas Herba Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) Sebagai Imunostimulan Kekebalan Unggas Setelah Uji Tantang Virus Newcastle Desease
No full textThis research aims to determine the effectiveness of ciplukan herb (Physalis angulata L) in extract and powder preparations as an immunostimulant against the immunity of broilers who have received vaccination and tested against the Newcastle disease virus. The materials used were 96 DOC with an average weight of 35-40 g, ciplukan herb from Luhak Nan Duo, the velogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus from Bvet Lampung, and the commercial vaccine ND Lasota. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The ciplukan herb was given for 3 days with concentrations: K(-) (without vaccine without ciplukan), K+ (vaccine only), E3 (ciplukan extract 0.35mg/10ml/head + vaccine), E2 (ciplukan extract 0.25mg/head 10ml/head + vaccine), E1 (0.15mg/10ml/head ciplukan extract + vaccine), S3 (17.5mg ciplukan powder/head + vaccine), S2 (12.5mg ciplukan powder/head + vaccine) and S1 (ciplukan powder 7.5mg/head + vaccine). The parameters observed in this study were antibody titer, morbidity, and mortality. The study showed that the administration of ciplukan herb positively affected low antibody titers through the efficiency of cellular defense mechanisms. This herb can also reduce chicken mortality and morbidity after challenge tests against the Newcastle disease virus.This research aims to determine the effectiveness of ciplukan herb (Physalis angulata L) in extract and powder preparations as an immunostimulant against the immunity of broilers who have received vaccination and tested against the Newcastle disease virus. The materials used were 96 DOC with an average weight of 35-40 g, ciplukan herb from Luhak Nan Duo, the velogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus from Bvet Lampung, and the commercial vaccine ND Lasota. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The ciplukan herb was given for 3 days with concentrations: K(-) (without vaccine without ciplukan), K+ (vaccine only), E3 (ciplukan extract 0.35mg/10ml/head + vaccine), E2 (ciplukan extract 0.25mg/head 10ml/head + vaccine), E1 (0.15mg/10ml/head ciplukan extract + vaccine), S3 (17.5mg ciplukan powder/head + vaccine), S2 (12.5mg ciplukan powder/head + vaccine) and S1 (ciplukan powder 7.5mg/head + vaccine). The parameters observed in this study were antibody titer, morbidity, and mortality. The study showed that the administration of ciplukan herb positively affected low antibody titers through the efficiency of cellular defense mechanisms. This herb can also reduce chicken mortality and morbidity after challenge tests against the Newcastle disease virus
Strategi Pengembangan Usahatani Kopi di Kecamatan Modayag Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur
No full textBolaang Mongondow Timur, as a coffee center in North Sulawesi, has played a role in contributing to coffee production. Modayag District, as the largest coffee-producing area and the largest land area in East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, has many obstacles to contribute to the achievement of coffee production. This research aims to discover the obstacles and strategies that can be done to develop coffee farming in Modayag District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The analysis in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis to determine the obstacles to the development of coffee farming and Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP), which is used to determine strategies for developing coffee farming. The informants from this study were 12 key persons who were determined purposively to consist of related agencies, traders, and coffee farmers in the District of Modayag. The results showed that the obstacles in the development of coffee farming were the need for more information on cultivation techniques, the unavailability of post-harvest equipment, and the weak price protection and coffee quality assurance. With the AHP method, the results show that the policy aspect is the top priority, then the cultivation aspect, followed by the marketing aspect, the institutional aspect, and finally, the post-harvest processing aspect.Bolaang Mongondow Timur, as a coffee center in North Sulawesi, has played a role in contributing to coffee production. Modayag District, as the largest coffee-producing area and the largest land area in East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, has many obstacles to contribute to the achievement of coffee production. This research aims to discover the obstacles and strategies that can be done to develop coffee farming in Modayag District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The analysis in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis to determine the obstacles to the development of coffee farming and Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP), which is used to determine strategies for developing coffee farming. The informants from this study were 12 key persons who were determined purposively to consist of related agencies, traders, and coffee farmers in the District of Modayag. The results showed that the obstacles in the development of coffee farming were the need for more information on cultivation techniques, the unavailability of post-harvest equipment, and the weak price protection and coffee quality assurance. With the AHP method, the results show that the policy aspect is the top priority, then the cultivation aspect, followed by the marketing aspect, the institutional aspect, and finally, the post-harvest processing aspect