Jurnal Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya
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PENGARUH BESAR KECEPATAN ALIRAN GAS PELINDUNG DAN TEMPERATUR AIR PADA PENGELASAN MIG TERHADAP CACAT PENGELASAN DAN KEKUATAN TARIK BAJA KEYLOS 50 UNTUK APLIKASI SHELL FEED WATER TANK
Get PDFPengaruh pengelasan Metal Inert Gas (MIG) pada baja Keylos 50 terhadap cacat pengelasan dan kekuatan tarik material. Kebocoran sering kali terjadi akibat struktur martensit yang terbentuk selama quenching, yang meskipun keras, bersifat getas dan mudah retak. Selain itu, pemilihan media pendingin yang tidak tepat dan minimnya perlakuan pasca-pengelasan, seperti stress relieving, semakin memperparah risiko kegagalan sambungan las. Baja Keylos 50 merupakan baja karbon sedang yang sering digunakan dalam aplikasi struktural berkat sifat mekaniknya yang unggul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah variasi kecepatan aliran gas pelindung (10 L/min, 15 L/min dan 20 L/min) dan temperatur media pendingin (5°C - 8°C, 25°C - 28°C dan 50°C - 53°C) pada proses quenching. Teknik uji tarik (ASTM E8) dan uji radiografi (NDT RT) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi sifat mekanik dan cacat pengelasan, seperti incomplete penetration, porosity, cluster porosity dan slag inclusion. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi parameter pengelasan signifikan memengaruhi jumlah dan jenis cacat, serta kekuatan tarik material. Temperatur pendingin yang rendah menghasilkan struktur martensit yang keras namun getas, meningkatkan risiko cacat. Sementara itu, aliran gas pelindung yang optimal mencegah kontaminasi atmosfer, meminimalkan cacat seperti porosity. Pengujian tarik menunjukkan tegangan maksimum tertinggi pada variasi 10L/min terdapat pada spesimen A1 senilai 63,98 Kg/mm² dengan regangan maksimum 6,61%, pada variasi 15L/min terdapat pada spesimen B3 senilai 64,31Kg/mm2 dengan regangan maksimum 6,4% dan pada variasi 20L.min terdapat pada spesimen C1 senilai 64,69Kg/mm2 dengan regangan maksimum 7,1%. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi optimasi pengaruh pengelasan untuk meningkatkan kualitas sambungan baja Keylos 50, serta berkontribusi pada pengembangan standar pengelasan yang lebih efektif dan aman
Desain Jaringan Irigasi dan Penentuan Pola Pemberian Air pada Daerah Oncoran SDJB 982 Kabupaten Jombang
Get PDFAir tanah merupakan sumber air yang stabil dan tetap tersedia selama musim kemarau, keberadaan air tanah dapat berperan penting khususnya dalam irigasi. Lahan pertanian yang ada di Desa Bawangan Kecamatan Bareng Kabupaten Jombang selama musim kemarau selalu mengalami kekeringan, sehingga masalah yang dialami petani mendapatkan respon dari pemerintah setempat sehingga direalisasikannya sumur bor dengan debit 20 liter/detik. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mendesain jaringan irigasi air tanah dan menentukan pola pemberian air irigasi pada daerah oncoran SDJB 982. Studi ini meliputi mendesain jaringan irigasi air tanah dan perencanaan pola operasi pemberian air irigasi. Desain jaringan irigasi air tanah seluas 18,50 ha berbentuk sistem saluran cabang terbuka dengan meliputi beberapa komponen: 1 rumah pompa, 7 titik outlet, 2 buah air valve dan 1 buah riser pipe. Kondisi hidrolik pipa yang direncanakan telah memenuhi syarat spesifikasi jaringan perpipaan. Jadwal operasi pompa dilakukan maksimal selama 18 jam/hari dengan sistem bergiliran dan digunakan saat musim kemarau
Self Efficacy dan Dukungan Sosial terhadap Kesejahteraan Psikologis di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusu Anak
No full textThis research aimed to determine the influence of self-efficacy and social support on adolescents' psychological well-being at a unique training institution for grade 1 children in Blitar. The method used was a quantitative design involving 154 respondents. This research has an instrument consisting of a general self-efficacy scale, a multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and a psychological well-being scale. Data was collected using a Likert scale and then analyzed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS version 27.0. This study's results show a significant relationship between self-efficacy and social support, contributing 18.7% to the psychological well-being of respondents. Meanwhile, 81.3% were influenced by other factors that were not researched, such as family dynamics and relationships between peers. The research findings are relevant to previous research, which shows that there are indications that high levels of self-efficacy and social support can reduce positivity by increasing psychological well-being. This research examines the importance of addressing additional factors, including coping strategies and the presence of support staff in Special Child Development Institutions, to improve the psychological well-being of adolescent educators. In conclusion, this research highlights the significance of developing self-efficacy and social support systems in reducing negative impacts when facing challenges during the court period, thereby increasing the psychological resilience and psychological well-being of children who come into contact with the law.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahuipengaruh efikasi diri dan dukungan sosial terhadapkesejahteraan psikologis remaja di lembaga pembinaankhusus anak kelas 1 blitar. Metode yang digunakan adalahdesain kuantitatif dengan melibatkan 154 responden.Penelitian ini memiiki instrumen yang terdiri dari general self-efficacy scale, the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, dan psychological well-being scale. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan skala likert, kemudian dianalisismenggunakan Microsoft Excel dan IBM SPSS versi 27.0. Hasil dalam penelitian ini memperlihatkan adanyahubungan signifikan antara efikasi diri, dukungan sosialyang berkontribusi sebesar 18,7% terhadap kesejahteraanpsikologis responden. Sementara itu, 81,3% dipengaruhiatas faktor lain yang tidak diteliti seperti dinamika keluargadan hubungan antar teman sebaya. Temuan penelitianrelevan dengan penelitian terdahulu yang menunjukkanadanya indikasi tingkat efikasi diri dan dukungan sosialyang lebih tinggi dapat berkorelasi positif denganpeningkatan kesejahteraan psikologis. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya mengatasi faktor-faktor tambahan, termasuk strategi koping dan kehadiran staf pendukung di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak, untuk meningkatkankesejahteraan psikologis narapidana remaja. SebagaiKesimpulan, studi ini menyoroti signifikansi pengembanganefikasi diri dan sistem dukungan sosial dalam mengurangidampak negatif saat menghadapi tantangan selama masa pengadilan, sehingga dapat meningkatkan ketahananpsikologis dan kesejahteraan psikologis pada anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum
Pengaruh Variasi Jarak Celah Ulir dan Sudut Ulir Turbin Screw pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH)
Get PDFABSTRAK
PENGARUH VARIASI JARAK CELAH ULIR DAN SUDUT ULIR TURBIN SCREW PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA
MIKRO HIDRO (PLTMH)
Energi listrik merupakan kebutuhan pokok yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Peralatan yang digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sebagian besar bergantung pada energi listrik. Seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk dan perkembangan pembangunan di Indonesia, maka kebutuhan energi listrik pun semakin meningkat. Apabila peningkatan ini tidak diimbangi dengan penyediaan pembangkit listrik, maka berpotensi menimbulkan krisis energi listrik. Pembangkit listrik tenaga mikrohidro dapat menjadi sarana penyediaan listrik di tempat-tempat yang belum terjangkau listrik PLN. Hasil dari alat mikrohidro dengan variasi jarak celah 1cm dan sudut sudu 30° menghasilkan daya keluaran listrik terbesar yaitu 37,74 watt. Hal ini dikarenakan pada sudut sudu 30° pancaran air yang masuk dapat mengenai bagian ulir turbin dengan sempurna dan pada jarak celah 1cm gaya dorong yang terjadi lebih besar sehingga akan menghasilkan putaran yang tinggi. Semakin tinggi rpm yang dihasilkan maka semakin tinggi pula daya yang dihasilkan generator. Pada perangkat mikrohidro menggunakan turbin ulir dengan jarak celah 1 cm dan sudut ulir 30° menghasilkan efisiensi turbin terbaik yaitu 74% dan efisiensi generator sebesar 69%, serta menghasilkan efisiensi PLTMH terbaik yaitu 51 %.
Kata kunci: Jarak Celah, Peforma Mikrohidro, Sudut Ulir, Turbin Screw
ABSTRACT
THE EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN SCREW TURBINE THREAD DISTANCE AND THREAD ANGLE IN MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT (PLTMH)
Electrical energy is a very important basic need in human life. Equipment used in everyday life largely depends on electrical energy. Along with the increase in population and development developments in Indonesia, the need for electrical energy is also increasing. If this increase is not balanced with the provision of electricity generation, it has the potential to cause an electrical energy crisis. Microhydro power plants can be a means of providing electricity in places where PLN electricity does not yet reach. The results of the microhydro tool with a gap distance of 1cm and a blade angle of 30° produced the largest electrical output power, namely 37.74 watts. This is because at a blade angle of 30° the incoming water jet can hit the turbine thread perfectly and at a gap distance of 1cm the thrust force that occurs is greater so it will produce high rotation. The higher the rpm produced, the higher the power produced by the generator. In micro-hydro devices using a screw turbine with a gap distance of 1 cm and a screw angle of 30° produces the best turbine efficiency, namely 74% and generator efficiency of 69%, and produces the best PLTMH efficiency, namely 51%. Keywords: Gap Distance, Microhydro Performance, Thread Angle, Screw Turbin
Government Institutions Assisting in Representing the Economic Rights of Creators: Is It Necessary?
Get PDFThis article evaluates the institutional governance of the Lembaga Manajemen Kolektif Nasional (LMKN) in Indonesia’s music royalty management system, focusing on the principles of transparency, accountability, and information technology integration. LMKN was established as a government-affiliated body to represent the economic interests of creators through a centralized and efficient system of royalty collection and distribution. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of LMKN in fulfilling its institutional mandate and the extent to which good governance principles are applied in practice. The research adopts a normative juridical method with conceptual and statutory approaches to analyze the legal foundation and functional implementation of LMKN based on institutional governance norms. The findings indicate that although LMKN plays a strategic role in streamlining the royalty system, its implementation still faces several challenges, including the lack of an integrated digital tracking system, weak information transparency, and the absence of a fair and verifiable reporting mechanism for creators. These discrepancies fail to achieve distributive justice in royalty distribution. The study recommends institutional reform through the digitalization of the tracking system, increased participation of creators, and the strengthening of transparency and public accountability. These findings underscore the urgency of transforming LMKN into a modern, technology-driven institution as a key prerequisite for sustainable and equitable royalty management in the digital era
Enhancing Inclusive Access to Justice in Uzbekistan
Get PDFAccess to justice is a fundamental element in realizing an inclusive and democratic rule of law. In Uzbekistan, various reforms have been undertaken to enhance the affordability and accessibility of legal services for all members of society, particularly vulnerable groups such as women, children, and rural communities. However, several obstacles remain, including complex legal bureaucracy and a lack of public awareness regarding their legal rights. This study aims to analyze legal policies aimed at improving access to justice, identify the challenges faced, and explore strategies that have been implemented to create a more inclusive legal system. The research adopts a juridical approach, examining existing regulations and policies, along with an empirical analysis of the implementation of those policies in practice. The findings show that Uzbekistan has taken several progressive steps, including institutional reforms, the digitalization of the judicial system, and the provision of free legal aid. Nevertheless, challenges such as limited resources, rigid bureaucracy, and unequal access in rural areas remain major barriers. Therefore, a more integrated and collaborative approach involving the government, civil society organizations, and international institutions is required to ensure equitable justice for all citizens
Is ‘Priority’ Just? Rethinking Constitutional Fairness in Indonesia’s Mining Law
Get PDFThe governance of natural resources in Indonesia, especially the mining sector, remains a contested legal domain involving intersecting economic, political, and constitutional interests. Article 6 paragraph (1) letter j of Law No. 3/020 grants the central government the authority to designate WIUPK “on a priority basis,” raising constitutional questions about its alignment with Article 33 paragraph (3) of the UUD NRI 1945. Critics argue that the vague term “priority” invites discretionary abuse, perpetuates structural inequalities, and potentially legitimizes monopolistic practices in the name of development. This study aims to critically examine the constitutionality and practical implications of the said provision using a normative legal research approach. The method involves statutory analysis, jurisprudential review, and interpretative evaluation of relevant constitutional principles, including distributive justice and economic democracy. The findings suggest that while the provision may be justified as an affirmative policy instrument to promote equitable access to natural resources, its current formulation lacks clear legal criteria, thereby opening space for misuse. The Constitutional Court's Decision No. 77/PUU-XXII/2024 affirms that any prioritization must be grounded in transparent, accountable mechanisms and should reflect the principle of social justice. This decision also signals the importance of inclusive governance, public participation, and state responsibility in preventing legal inequality. Without substantial regulatory reform, the application of “priority” risks contradicting the very essence of constitutional fairness
Revisiting Justice in Inclusive Education: A Case Study of Jombang
Get PDFInclusive education has become a fundamental principle within the Indonesian education system as an effort to ensure equal rights for all children, including those with special needs. However, the implementation of inclusive education policies at the regional level, particularly in Jombang Regency, reveals a gap between normative discourse and the reality of practice on the ground. The Jombang Regent Regulation No. 39 of 2014 serves as the legal basis for the implementation of inclusive education; however, its application does not fully reflect the principle of substantive justice for children with special needs. This study aims to critique the policy using philosophical and normative approaches to analyze the role of the state as the organizer of inclusive education. The methodology employed is a qualitative approach with textual analysis of legislation and observation of policy implementation in inclusive schools in Jombang. The research findings indicate that although inclusive education policies are legally and formally regulated, many deficiencies persist in practice, such as the lack of support teachers, unprepared curricula, and insufficient funding. These findings reflect the state's failure to uphold the principles of social justice and human rights for children with special needs. Inclusive education should be understood as an integral part of the state's obligation to achieve substantive justice, rather than merely an administrative requirement
Justice in the Internet Context: The Protection of Freedom of Expression Online Post Constitutional Court Decision Number 105/PUU-XXII/2024
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to analyze justice on the Internet post Constitutional Court Decision Number 105/PUU-XII/2024 which provide strengthening of protection of freedom of expression on the Internet. This research is a normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The results of the study found that restrictions on freedom of expression on the Internet in the Law on Electronic Information and Transaction are problematic because they are irrational, unfair, disproportionate, and tend to conflict with the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Through Decision Number 105/PUU-XII/2024, the Constitutional Court has realized justice on the Internet by providing proportional protection of freedom of expression on the Internet. The decision provides freedom for everyone to express themselves on the Internet, such as conveying criticism, provided that their expression does not degrade the dignity or good name of others. Government institutions, professions, or positions are excluded from subjects that can be victims of defamation. The government can no longer prosecute citizens who criticize the policies it has taken. The decision provides guidelines for enforcing the law against violations of freedom of expression on the Internet
Representation of Honne and Tatemae in Drama “Cherry Magic Thirty Years of Virginity Can Make You A Wizard”
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Studi ini menyelidiki interaksi rumit antara honne (perasaan sejati) dan tatemae (fasad sosial) seperti yang digambarkan dalam drama Jepang, "Cherry Magic." Dengan menganalisis karakter Adachi dan Kurosawa, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana konsep-konsep budaya ini terwujud dalam hubungan interpersonal dalam konteks Jepang kontemporer. Studi ini menemukan bahwa sementara honne sering diungkapkan dalam suasana informal dan dengan hubungan dekat, tatemae umumnya digunakan dalam situasi formal atau ketika hubungan hierarkis terlibat. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang dinamika sosial Jepang, menyoroti cara-cara bernuansa di mana individu menavigasi antara diri mereka yang autentik dan harapan masyarakat. Melalui analisis kualitatif drama, studi ini menawarkan wawasan tentang signifikansi budaya honne dan tatemae dalam membentuk interaksi interpersonal dalam masyarakat Jepang