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Construction of sanitary and stormwater sewer system in the Brda area
No full textV diplomskem delu je predstavljena zasnova in izvedba ločenega kanalizacijskega sistema za naselje Brda, ki vključuje gradnjo komunalne in meteorne kanalizacije. Namen projekta je odprava pomanjkljivosti obstoječega neurejenega stanja, kjer komunalne odpadne vode še vedno odtekajo v greznice, meteorna voda pa se odvaja površinsko ali neposredno v teren. Nova komunalna kanalizacija bo priključena na obstoječi kanalizacijski sistem, povezan s Centralno čistilno napravo Koper, kar bo omogočilo ukinitev greznic in zagotovilo varno ter okolju prijazno odvajanje odpadnih voda.
Meteorna kanalizacija bo prevzemala odvodnjavanje streh objektov in odvajala padavinsko vodo neposredno v vodotok Vrgalovec, s čimer se zmanjšuje možnost zastajanja vode in poškodb površin. Analiza je pokazala, da trenutna rešitev ne vključuje cestnih površin, zato se kot izboljšava predlaga razširitev sistema na te odseke, kar bi še dodatno zmanjšalo vplive večjih padavinskih dogodkov. Predlagani sistem bo pomembno prispeval k izboljšanju komunalne infrastrukture, kakovosti bivanja in prostorskemu razvoju območja Brda.The thesis presents the design and implementation of a separate sewerage system for the settlement of Brda, which includes the construction of sanitary and stormwater sewer networks. The aim of the project is to address the shortcomings of the existing unregulated system, where sanitary wastewater still flows into septic tanks and stormwater is discharged overland or directly into the ground. The new sanitary sewer will be connected to the existing sewerage network linked to the Central Wastewater Treatment Plant Koper, enabling the elimination of septic tanks and ensuring safe and environmentally friendly wastewater disposal.
The stormwater sewer will collect rainwater from building roofs and discharge it directly into the Vrgalovec stream, thereby reducing the risk of water stagnation and surface damage. The analysis showed that the current solution does not include road surfacestherefore, as an improvement, the extension of the system to these sections is proposed, which would further reduce the impacts of major rainfall events. The proposed system will significantly contribute to the improvement of communal infrastructure, quality of life, and spatial development in the Brda area
Development of a graphical user interface for online sale of customizable products
No full textSpletna prodaja prilagodljivih izdelkov je zelo zahtevna, saj mora kupec razumeti omejitve prilagajanj ter izgled in ceno prilagojenega izdelka. To težavo danes rešujejo blagovne znamke s pomočjo konfiguratorjev, katerih razvoj je zahteven in dolgotrajen. Kot rešitev te težave smo razvili platformo za enostavnejši razvoj konfiguratorjev. V magistrski nalogi se osredotočamo na razvoj grafičnega uporabniškega vmesnika, ki omogoča predstavitev različnih konfiguratorjev glede na nastavitve, ki jih vnesemo kot vhodni podatek.Selling customisable products online is very challenging, as customers need to understand the limitations of customization as well as the appearance and price of the customized product. The problem is currently addressed by brands using configurators, which are difficult and time-consuming to develop. As a solution to this issue, we have developed a platform that simplifies the development of configurators. In this master thesis, we focus on the development of a graphical user interface that enables the presentation of various configurators based on the settings entered as input data
Developement and implementation of machine vision system for precise hole position locating in robotic screwing applications
No full textMagistrska naloga opisuje uporabo industrijske kamere SICK, PLC Siemens in industrijskega robota Yaskawa za določanje pozicije lukenj za robotsko vijačenje. Razložene so funkcije in uporaba programskega paketa SICK Quality inspection za programiranje industrijske kamere. Za tem je predstavljena uporabljena oprema za izvedbo naloge. Predstavljena je priprava komunikacije med napravami in kalibracija kamere z robotom, kjer se koordinate kamere pretvorijo v koordinate robotskega koordinatnega sistema. Sledi opis naloge in predstavitev problemov, ki so se pojavili med pripravo programov za strojni vid. Na koncu sledijo še opisi funkcij pripravljenih programov in končni parametri.This master\u27s thesis covers usage of an industrial camera SICK, PLC Siemens and industrial robot Yaskawa for locating hole positions for robotic screwing. It covers functions and usage of software package SICK Quality Inspection for industrial camera programming. After that it presents components used fot the task. It covers communication setup between devices and calibration of robot with camera, where camera coordiantes gets converted into coordinates of robotic coordinate system. After that programming task for machine vision is explained in detail, including all problems that occured during testing. At the end are described all functions of prepared programs, combined with used parameters
Design and numerical analysis of a pick-up mounting point
No full textČedalje hitrejše spreminjanje in razvoj osebnih ter gospodarskih vozil vpliva na industrijo, ki je neposredno vezana na vozila. Ena od možnih nadgradenj vozil so pritrdišča, ki so ključne komponente za pritrjevanje dodatne opreme, tovora ali orodja na prevozno sredstvo. Ključni izzivi pri konstruiranju takšnih pritrdišč vključujejo predvsem zadostno trdnost, vpliv na vozne lastnosti, prilagodljivost, vzdržljivost in varovanje vozila.
V magistrskem delu je obrazložen postopek razvoja in konstruiranja pritrdišča za poltovornjak s pomočjo numerične analize.The increasingly rapid change and development of passenger cars and commercial vehicles is having an impact on the industries directly linked to them. One of the possible vehicle upgrades is the use of attachments, which are key components for securing accessories, cargo or tools to the vehicle. Key challenges in the design of such attachments include, in particular, sufficient strength, impact on driveability, flexibility, durability and vehicle security.
The master\u27s thesis explains the process of developing and designing the attachment for a semi-truck using numerical analysis
Chemical recycling of PLA plastic wastes by hydrothermal processes
No full textPolimlečna kislina oz. PLA je popolnoma biološko razgradljiv polimer, ki velja za enega najbolj obetavnih polimerov na biološki osnovi in predstavlja odlično alternativo plastiki na osnovi nafte. Njen osnovni gradnik je mlečna kislina, ki nastane s fermentacijo sladkorjev pridobljenih iz obnovljivih virov. Namen magistrske naloge je bil preučiti recikliranje odpadne plastike iz PLA z uporabo podkritične vode, ki predstavlja zeleno in perspektivno tehnologijo. Preučili smo pridobitev tako glavnih (monomer PLA- mlečna kislina) kot tudi sekundarnih produktov (različne organske kisline). Eksperimente smo izvajali z dvema različnima materialoma PLA, in sicer osnovno PLA in odpadno PLA pri različnih temperaturah (180, 200, 250 in 300 °C), različnih reakcijskih časih (10, 20, 30 in 60 min) in v različnih atmosferah (dušik in zrak). Po reakciji razgradnje smo kot produkt dobili tri faze (trdno, vodno in plinasto fazo). V vseh primerih smo najvišje izkoristke dosegli v vodni fazi, medtem ko so se izkoristki trdne faze z zviševanjem temperature in reakcijskega časa, tekom reakcije razgradnje zniževali, izkoristki plinov pa naraščali. Glavni produkt razgradnje PLA je mlečna kislina, ki smo jo analizirali s HPLC metodo. Optimalni pogoji za pridobitev najvišje koncentracije mlečne kisline pri razgradnji osnovne PLA smo dosegli pri 250 °C in 30 min in je v zračni atmosferi znašala 43,6 mg/mL (87,2 %), medtem ko smo v dušikovi atmosferi pridobili malenkost nižjo koncentracijo mlečne kisline in sicer 43,4 mg/mL (86,6 %). Pri razgradnji odpadne PLA smo v vodni fazi zasledili nižje koncentracije mlečne kisline, saj odpadna PLA vsebuje tudi primesi in aditive, ki po reakciji ostanejo v trdnem ostanku. V vodni fazi smo v manjših koncentracijah pridobili tudi ocetno, mravljično, akrilno, oksalno in propanojsko kislino. Pri povišani temperaturi (300 °C) pa se mlečna kislina in sekundarni produkti pričnejo razgrajevati v pline. Vodni fazi smo določili tudi vsebnost totalnega ogljika (TC). Najvišjo koncentracijo TC smo določili pri razgradnji osnovne PLA (24,9 mg/mL) pri 250 °C in 30 min v zračni atmosferi . Na koncu smo s pomočjo FTIR analize okarakterizirali še trdni preostanek, ki je nastal po reakciji.Polylactic acid or PLA is a fully biodegradable polymer that is considered one of the most promising bio-based polymers and an excellent alternative to petroleum-based plastics. Its basic building block is lactic acid, which is produced by fermenting sugars obtained from renewable sources. The aim of the Masters thesis was to study the recycling of waste PLA plastic using subcritical water, which represents a green and promising technology. The recovery of both the main products (PLA monomer - lactic acid) and the secondary products (different organic acids) was investigated. The experiments were carried out with two different PLA materials, virgin PLA and waste PLA, at different temperatures (180, 200, 250 and 300 °C), different reaction times (10, 20, 30 and 60 min) and different atmospheres (nitrogen and air). After the decomposition reaction, three phases (solid, aqueous and gaseous) were obtained as products. In all cases, the highest yields were obtained in the aqueous phase, while the yields of the solid phase decreased with increasing temperature and reaction time during the decomposition reaction and the yields of the gases increased with increasing temperature and reaction time. The main product of PLA degradation is lactic acid, which was analysed by HPLC. In the case of virgin PLA, the optimum conditions for the highest lactic acid concentration were obtained at 250 °C for 30 min and it was 43.6 mg/mL (87, 2 %) in an air atmosphere, while a slightly lower lactic acid concentration of 43.4 mg/mL (86,6 %) was achieved in a nitrogen atmosphere. Lower lactic acid concentrations were observed in the aqueous phase during the degradation of PLA waste, as PLA waste also contains impurities and additives that remain in the solid residue after the reaction. Acetic, formic, acrylic, oxalic and propanoic acids were also obtained in the aqueous phase in lower concentrations. However, at higher temperatures (300 °C), the lactic acid and secondary products start to decompose into gases. The total carbon (TC) content of the aqueous phase was also determined. The highest TC concentration was determined when the virgin PLA (24.9 mg/mL) was decomposed for 30 min at 250 °C in an air atmosphere. Finally, the solid residue formed after the reaction was characterised by FTIR analysis
1D kalibracija in simulacija termalnega sistema baterijskega električnega vozila na osnovi meritev
No full textElectric vehicles are developing at an increased rate due to electrification trends and are trying to achieve the comfort level of existing vehicles with internal combustion engines. In this thesis, we considered a battery electric vehicle, with which measurements were carried out. We created a complete vehicle model in GT Suite software based on available measurements and vehicle data. The model was used to simulate measured test cases. We described the calibration procedure of standalone models and the assembly of a complete thermal model of the entire vehicle. At the end we compared three simulated test cases with vehicle measurements. We concluded that the developed vehicle simulation model behavior fits well to the measured vehicle.Električna vozila se zaradi trendov elektrifikacije vse bolj razvijajo, hkrati pa poskušajo doseči nivo udobja obstoječih vozil z motorji na notranje zgorevanje. V magistrskem delu smo obravnavali baterijsko električno vozilo, s katerim so bile izvedene meritve. Na podlagi meritev in podatkov vozila smo s pomočjo programske opreme GT Suite pripravili model vozila, s katerim smo nato simulirali vozne profile iz meritev. Predstavili smo potek kalibracije posameznih delov modela in sestavo posameznih delov v termalni model celotnega vozila. Na koncu smo predstavili rezultate simulacij treh voznih profilov in jih primerjali z meritvami. Ugotovili smo, da se pripravljen model vozila odziva na enak način kot dejansko vozilo
Three-Axis highly sensitive magnetometer with a standard communication interface
No full textV magistrskem delu je opisan vgrajen sistem za vektorsko merjenje magnetnega polja, ki temelji na magnetno-induktivni metodi s tremi ortogonalno orientiranimi tuljavami. Sistem je zasnovan na programirljivem logičnem vezju, ki podatke pošilja preko standardnega komunikacijskega vmesnika. Opisani so primerjava trenutno prisotnih tehnologij, zasnova in delovanje celotnega sistema ter predstavljene meritve magnetnih in električnih lastnosti ter radiacijskih vplivov.The master\u27s thesis describes an embedded system for vector measurement of the magnetic field, based on the magnetic induction method with three orthogonally oriented coils. The system is designed using a programmable logic device, which transmits data via a standard communication interface. A comparison of currently available technologies, the design and operation of the entire system, as well as the measurements of magnetic and electrical properties and radiation effects, are presented
Development of a mechanical solution for a sliding mechanism for opening a coffee machine
No full textV magistrskem delu je predstavljen razvoj mehanskega sistema za odklepanje in pomikanje osrednjega dela kavnega aparata brez uporabe elektromotorjev ali drugih elektronskih naprav. Na začetku smo opisali problem in si postavili omejitve, cilje ter zahteve. Nato smo raziskali trenutno stanje na področju kavnih aparatov kakor tudi na drugih področjih uporabe. Sledil je razvoj mehanizmov, ki je zajemal 3D modeliranje, prototipiranje, uvajanje izboljšav in ponovno prototipiranje izboljšanih mehanizmov. Rezultat magistrskega dela sta mehanizma, ki izpolnjujeta cilje in zahteve ter sta funkcionalno dodelana in pripravljena na uporabo v praksi.The thesis presents the development of a mechanical system for unlocking and moving the central part of a coffee machine without the use of electric motors or other electronic devices. At the beginning we described the problem and set the constraints and requirements. Then we researched the current state of the coffee machine market as well as other fields. This is followed by the development of the mechanisms, which included 3D modeling, prototyping, implementing improvements and re-prototyping the improved mechanisms. The result are two mechanisms that fulfill our goals and requirements and are functionally refined and ready for practical applications
Vrednotenje nanodelcev lignina kot stabilizatorja v pickering emulzijah za aplikacije v kozmetiki
No full textThe growing concern about the environmental impact and human health risk related to the excessive use of synthetic ingredients in cosmetics and topical formulations calls for the exploration of safe and sustainable natural alternatives. Kraft lignin is a polyphenolic compound generated as a by-product from the kraft pulping process in large quantities annually worldwide. In addition to its commercial availability, its structural features and diverse functional properties make it worth to be considered as a bio‐active ingredient for cosmetic and personal care products.
The intrinsic limitations of its native form for the development of high-performance products can be overcome by morphology control through particle size reduction to nanoscale. Therefore, in this research lignin nanoparticles were evaluated for the stabilization of Pickering emulsions. First, a screening of conditions and ingredients was carried out to assess the most suitable parameters for the synthesis of emulsions. The synthesis of final Pickering emulsions was performed using a rotor-stator homogenizer followed by ultrasound. The quality of emulsions stabilized with LNPs were assessed in relation to the emulsification process parameters and ingredients used in the formulation. In generenal, higher concentration of LNPs and volume of oil favoured the emulsion stability. Sun protection factor test showed promising values for application of LNPs in the sunscreen field. We compared the SPF of emulsions prepared with orange, coconut, and paraffin oil. The results showed that emulsion with orange oil had the highest SPF at 16.5, with coconut oil it was 8.8, and the lowest for emulsion with paraffin oil which was 1.7.Zaradi vse večje zaskrbljenosti vpliva na okolje in tveganja za zdravje ljudi, povezanega s prekomerno uporabo sintetičnih sestavin v kozmetiki in lokalnih formulacijah, je potrebno raziskati varne in trajnostne naravne alternative. Kraft lignin je polifenolna spojina, ki nastaja kot stranski proizvod pri procesu kraft razgradnje v velikih količinah letno po vsem svetu. Poleg tega, da je komercialno dostopen, ga je zaradi njegovih strukturnih značilnosti in različnih funkcionalnih lastnosti vredno obravnavati kot bioaktivno sestavino za kozmetične izdelke in izdelke za osebno nego.
Naravne omejitve njegove izvirne oblike za razvoj visoko zmogljivih izdelkov je mogoče odpraviti z nadzorom morfologije in sicer z zmanjšanjem velikosti delcev na nanometrsko raven. Iz tega razloga so bili v tej raziskavi ocenjeni nanodelci lignina za stabilizacijo Pickering emulzij. Najprej je bil opravljen pregled pogojev in sestavin za oceno najprimernejših parametrov za sintezo emulzij. Sinteza končnih Pickering emulzij je bila izvedena z uporabo homogenizatorja rotor stator, ki mu je sledil ultrazvok. Kakovost emulzij, stabiliziranih z ligninskimi nanodelci, je bila ocenjena glede na parametre postopka emulgiranja in sestavine, uporabljene v formulaciji. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da sta višja koncentracija nanodelcev lignina in volumen olja vplivala na stabilnost emulzije. Preizkus zaščitnega faktorja pred soncem je pokazal obetavne rezultate za uporabo nanodelcev lignina na področju zaščite pred soncem. Primerjali smo zaščitni faktor pred soncem za emulzije narejene s pomarančnim, kokosovim in parafinskim oljem. Rezultati so pokazali, da je najvišji faktor znašal 16.5 pri pomarančnem olju, 8.8 pri kokosovem in 1.7 pri parafinskem olju
Optimization of the production process and design of a press manipulator for an automotive industry part
No full textMagistrsko delo obravnava optimizacijo procesa in konstruiranje manipulatorja za stiskalnico izdelka avtomobilske industrije v podjetju Aluminium Kety Emmi, d. o. o.. V zaključnem delu so opisani samoprodorni pritrdilni elementi, predvsem samoprodorne pritrdilne matice, ki se uporabljajo pretežno v avtomobilski industriji. Prav tako je predstavljen postopek namestitve teh matic. Naloga obravnava korake vse od idejne zasnove in konstruiranja manipulatorja ter pomožnih delov za stiskalnico do optimizacije proizvodnega procesa, ekonomske analize in stroškovnega ovrednotenja.The master\u27s thesis addresses the optimization of the production process and design of a press manipulator for an automotive industry at the company Aluminium Kety Emmi, d.o.o.. The thesis describes self-piercing fasteners, particularly self-piercing nuts, which are predominantly used in the automotive industry. The installation process of these nuts is also presented. The thesis covers steps ranging from the conceptual design and construction of the manipulator as well as auxiliary parts for the press, to the optimization of the production process, economic analysis and cost evaluation