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Evidence-Based Recommendations for Dietary Supplementation During Pregnancy: Is It Time for a Product Recall?
Get PDFBackground
Micronutrient deficiencies in pregnant women are linked to serious health issues, including conception difficulties, spontaneous abortions, preterm births, low birth weight, birth defects and long-term metabolic disorders. Despite the recognized importance of dietary supplementation during pregnancy, rigorous research and supplementation monitoring remain limited.
Objective
This study aimed to review the evidence on the impact of dietary supplementation on maternal and infant outcomes and to provide evidence-based recommendations for dietary supplementation during pregnancy.
Methods
A systematic search, analysis, and synthesis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted between October and January 2022. Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL with Full Text, Google Scholar and CrossRef. The study adhered to PRISMA guidelines and applied inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant studies. A total of 51 RCTs were included and assessed for quality, categorizing articles as moderate or high quality.
Results
Of the 51 RCTs analyzed, 47 (92.16%) were of moderate quality, and 4 (7.84%) were of high quality. Findings revealed that recommended dietary supplementation doses for pregnant women are often set well below safety thresholds. Evidence supporting the efficacy of certain vitamins and minerals in pregnancy remains inconclusive. The study highlighted a dose–response conundrum, with an emphasis on identifying effective and safe doses.
Conclusion
Micronutrient deficiencies in pregnant women pose significant risks to maternal and infant health. Current dietary supplementation recommendations require enhancement and alignment with the latest and most robust evidence. This study provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art evidence and underscores the importance of bridging gaps in supplementation guidelines to optimize maternal and infant health outcomes
Benchmarking
Get PDFUčbenik "Benchmarking – Primerjalna analiza v turizmu" ponuja podroben vpogled v proces benchmarking analize, ki se uporablja za ocenjevanje in izboljšanje podjetij, organizacij in tudi turističnih destinacij. Avtorici najprej predstavita teoretične osnove benchmarkinga, vključno z definicijami, tipi in fazami analize. Učbenik se v drugem delu osredotoča na praktične primere, ki so jih izvedli študenti na Fakulteti za turizem Univerze v Mariboru. To omogoča bralcem, da razumejo, kako se teoretične koncepte aplicira v realnem svetu na realne primere. Vključeni so konkretni primeri benchmarking analize, ki obravnavajo različne turistične destinacije, kar ponuja dragocene vpoglede v uspešne prakse in strategije. Učbenik je zasnovan tako, da je učni pripomoček za študente in strokovnjake v turizmu ter hkrati spodbuja uporabo benchmarkinga kot orodja za izboljšanje turistične ponudbe in trajnostnega razvoja. S tem učbenik prispeva k razumevanju in implementaciji benchmarkinga v turistični industriji.The textbook "Benchmarking – Comparative Analysis in Tourism" offers a detailed insight into the benchmarking process which is used to evaluate and improve businesses, organizations, and tourist destinations. The authors first present the theoretical foundations of benchmarking, including definitions, types, and phases of the analysis. The second part of the textbook focuses on practical examples carried out by students at the Faculty of Tourism at the University of Maribor. This allows readers to understand how theoretical concepts are applied in the real world in real case studies. It includes specific examples of benchmarking analysis that address various tourist destinations, providing valuable insights into successful practices and strategies. The textbook is designed to serve as a learning tool for students and professionals in tourism while also promoting the use of benchmarking as a tool for enhancing tourism offerings and sustainable development. Thus, the textbook contributes to the understanding and implementation of benchmarking in the tourism industry
Marketing communication in Travel agency Klas
Get PDFMarketinško komuniciranje je za podjetja v današnjem času ključnega pomena. Je pogoj za uspešno poslovanje. Pripomore k prepoznavnosti znamke, izdelkov ali storitev, vodi k povečanju prodaje in s tem tudi k večjemu dobičku.
Marketinško komuniciranje je proces s katerim podjetje ciljnim skupinam sporoča, jih nagovarja in posreduje informacije o svoji ponudbi. S pomočjo komuniciranja podjetje gradi tudi svoj imidž in ugled v očeh javnosti. Večina ljudi marketinško komuniciranje nepravilno imenuje in posplošuje kar na oglaševanje, ki pa je le eden od instrumentov marketinškega komuniciranja. Zaradi nasičenosti trga in zaradi konkurence med podjetji je nenehno dobivanje informacij iz vseh strani postalo del našega vsakdana. Navajeni smo že, da nas vsepovsod neprestano obkrožajo oglasi, ne glede na to, kje se nahajamo. Lahko bi rekli, da je prišlo že do točke, da se oglaševanja včasih niti ne zavedamo in mu niti ne namenimo veliko pozornosti, saj smo se ga že tako privadili.
V delu diplomskega projekta se poglabljamo in raziskujemo, kaj vse poleg že omenjenega oglaševanja, obsega proces marketinškega komuniciranja. Teoretično znanje, ki ga pridobimo iz proučenega gradiva nato uporabimo za raziskavo marketinškega komuniciranja v Turistični agenciji Klas.Marketing communication is essential for companies nowadays. It is a condition for successful business. It contributes to brand recognition, product awareness, leads to an increase in sales and thus also to greater profits.
Marketing communication is the process by which a company communicates to target groups, appeals to them and provides information about its supply. Through communication, the company also builds its image and reputation in the eyes of the public. Most people have a misconception of marketing communication, often referring to it solely as advertising. However, advertising is only one of the instruments of marketing communication. Due to the saturation of the market and the competition among companies, being constantly bombarded with information from all sides has become part of our everyday lives. We are surrounded by advertisements everywhere, regardless of where we are. It has already reached the point where we sometimes do not even notice the advertising or pay much attention to it because we are already so accustomed to it.
In this thesis, we delve deeper to investigate what else the marketing communication process includes, beyond the aforementioned advertising. The theoretical knowledge we gain from the studied material, we then apply to marketing communication research in Travel agency Klas
Analysis and comparison of testing as a service tools
Get PDFV magistrskem delu smo analizirali orodja za testiranje kot storitev (angl. TaaS). V začetnih poglavjih smo predstavili koncept oblačnega testiranja in s sistematičnim pregledom literature opredelili prednosti, slabosti ter posebnosti orodij TaaS. Preučevali smo razlike v metrikah performanc med TaaS in lokalnimi orodji, pri čemer statistična testa nista pokazala razlik. Z eksperimentom in statističnim testom smo dokazali, da je čas izvedbe funkcionalnega testa krajši na lokalnih orodjih kot na TaaS. S študijo primera smo raziskali prednosti in slabosti testiranja kompatibilnosti s TaaS ter opredelili, kdaj je njegova uporaba smiselna. V zaključku smo predstavili ključne ugotovitve.In the master\u27s thesis, we analyzed Testing as a Service (TaaS) tools. In the introductory chapters, we presented the concept of cloud testing and identified the advantages, disadvantages, and specific characteristics of TaaS tools through a systematic literature review. We examined performance metrics differences between TaaS and local tools, where statistical tests showed no significant differences. Using an experiment and statistical testing, we demonstrated that the execution time of functional tests is shorter on local tools compared to TaaS. In a case study, we explored the advantages and disadvantages of compatibility testing with TaaS and defined when its use is reasonable. Finally, we presented the key findings
Energy analysis of a single familiy house in city Plevlja
Get PDFV tej magistrski nalogi smo pokazali primer izračuna toplotnih in prezračevalnih izgub družinske hiše. Ta primer lahko uporabimo tudi za druge objekte. Članek je zajemal dimenzioniranje radiatorjev, dimnikov in predloge za vrsto in način ogrevanja ter izdelavo shem ogrevalnih sistemov. Dobljene rezultate smo primerjali z rezultati, pridobljenimi s programom za izračun in analizo toplotnih izgub, imenovanim CYPE. Iz dobljenih rezultatov smo videli, da so rezultati teh analiz precej podobni, kar nam pove, da so takšna programska orodja zelo hitra in učinkovita pri izdelavi analiz energetske učinkovitosti.In this thesis, we have demonstrated an example of calculating the thermal and ventilation losses of a family house. This example can also be applied to other buildings. The paper included the sizing of radiators, chimneys, and proposals for the type and method of heating, as well as the creation of heating system diagrams. We have compared the obtained results with those from a program designed for the calculation and analysis of thermal losses called CYPE. From the obtained results, we saw that the results of these analyses were quite similar, indicating that such software tools are very fast and efficient in performing energy efficiency analyses
Improvements in the resilience of nuclear power plants to external events as a result of experiences from the Fukushima nuclear power plant tsunami
Get PDFLeta 2011 je prišlo do jedrske nesreče v Fukušimi, ki je pustila katastrofalne posledice.
Kljub strogim varnostnim standardom so bile prisotne ranljivosti, kot so nezadostna zaščita pred cunamiji, ranljiv sistem za hlajenje ter pomanjkljiva usposobljenost za obvladovanje ekstremnih dogodkov.
Novi varnostni standardi zahtevajo razvoj naprednih tehnologij za pasivno hlajenje in zaščito pred naravnimi nesrečami ter implementacija pametnih sistemov za nadzor in upravljanje v realnem času. Prav tako je pomembno, da se krepi varnostna kultura in mednarodno sodelovanje ter se redno ocenjujejo tveganja in posodabljajo krizni načrti. Z ustreznimi tehničnimi izboljšavami lahko zmanjšamo tveganja in zagotovimo varno prihodnost jedrske energije.In 2011, a nuclear disaster occurred in Fukushima, leaving catastrophic consequences. Despite strict safety standards, vulnerabilities were present, such as insufficient protection against tsunamis, a vulnerable cooling system and inadequate preparedness for managing extreme events.
New safety standards require the development of advanced technologies for passive cooling and protection against natural disasters, as well as the implementation of smart systems for real-time monitoring and management. It is also crucial to strengthen safety culture and international cooperation, regularly assess risks and update emergency plans. With appropriate technical improvements, we can reduce risks and ensure the safe future of nuclear energy
The influence of culture, ethics and credibility on the success of Elektro Maribor
Get PDFV magistrskem delu raziskujemo vpliv kulture, etike in verodostojnosti na uspešnost izbranega podjetja Elektro Maribor d. d., ki se ukvarja z distribucijo električne energije. Dejavniki, ki smo jih preučili, so temeljne vrednote podjetja, tip kulture in tip klime podjetja, moč kulture ter neformalni in formalni dejavniki uveljavljanja verodostojnosti. Vpliv dejavnikov na uspešnost podjetja smo analizirali pomočjo izbranih ekonomskih in neekonomskih kazalnikov uspešnosti.This master\u27s thesis examines the impact of culture, ethics, and credibility on the performance of Elektro Maribor d. d., a company involved in electricity distribution. The factors studied include the company’s core values, type of culture, type of climate, strength of culture, and both informal and formal factors of credibility enforcement. We analysed the impact of these factors on the company\u27s performance using selected economic and non-economic performance indicators
Economic-geographical characteristics of the labor market in the Podravska statistical region
Get PDFV magistrski nalogi preučujemo brezposelnost v podravski statistični regiji od leta 1991 naprej.
V teoretičnem delu je predstavljen ekonomsko-geografski oris podravske statistične regije, ki zajema delovne migracije, stopnjo brezposelnosti in delovno aktivno prebivalstvo. Opisan je razvoj gospodarstva v regiji, kjer smo se posvetili razvoju industrije in njenemu zatonu.
V empiričnem delu smo analizirali izbrane članke dnevnega časopisa Večer, in sicer iz obdobja 1991–2022. Zanimali so nas stopnja brezposelnosti, stečaji podjetij, zaposlovanje tujcev, iskani in presežni delavci in projekti javnih del, s katerimi si je regija želela opomoči. Ugotovili smo, da je bilo največ brezposelnih oseb v obdobju po osamosvojitvi Slovenije – leta 1995, nato je brezposelnost počasi upadala. Ponovno se je povečala po letu 2009, ko je nastopila velika finančna gospodarska kriza, a ni dosegla takšnih vrednosti kot takoj po osamosvojitvi. V splošnem velja, da so v analiziranih letih delodajalci najbolj iskali varilce, orodjarje, ključavničarje, strojnike in po napovedani epidemiji koronavirusa tudi gostince.This master\u27s thesis examines the unemployment trends in the Podravska statistical region from 1991 onwards.
The theoretical part provides an economic-geographical overview of the Podravska statistical region, addressing labor migration, unemployment rates, and workforce demographics. Additionally, it outlines the region’s economic development with a particular focus on the rise and subsequent decline of its industrial sector.
In the empirical part, we analyze a selection of articles from the daily newspaper Večer, spanning the years from 1991 to 2022. Our analysis focuses on unemployment rates, company bankruptcies, employment of foreigners, the demand for and redundancy of workers, and public works projects aimed at regional recovery. We found that the peak in unemployment occurred in 1995, following Slovenia\u27s independence, after which there was a gradual decline. A resurgence in unemployment was observed after 2009 due to the global financial and economic crisis, though it did not reach the levels seen immediately post-independence. Throughout the analyzed period, the most sought-after professions included welders, toolmakers, locksmiths, engineers, and, following the COVID-19 pandemic, the waiting staff
Early introduction of highly allergenic foods in children
Get PDFUvod: Zgodnja uvedba alergenih živil pomembno prispeva k zmanjšanju tveganja za razvoj alergij na hrano. Namen diplomskega dela je bil preučiti zgodnjo uvedbo visoko alergenih živil pri otrocih.
Metode: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela in metodo analize, kompilacije in sinteze. Pregled literature smo iskali v naslednjih podatkovnih bazah: CINAHL, PubMed in Cochrane Library. Za sistematično razvrščanje relevantnih informacij iz literature je bila uporabljena metoda vsebinske analize. Izbiro ustreznih člankov smo ponazorili s PRISMA diagramom.
Rezultati: Od 121 dobljenih člankov je vključeno osem člankov. Najpomembnejše ugotovitve so pokazale, da zgodnja uvedba enega ali več živil, ki vsebuje alergen (med 4. in 6. mesecem do 12. meseca starosti), zmanjša tveganje za alergijo. Več raziskav potrjuje, da redno uživanje alergenih živil v zgodnjem obdobju vodi v dolgoročno toleranco na alergene.
Razprava in zaključek: Zgodnje uvajanje visoko alergenih živil pri otrocih med 4. in 12. mesecem starosti se je izkazalo kot učinkovita strategija za zmanjšanje tveganja za razvoj alergij na hrano. Raziskave so pokazale, da zgodnja izpostavljenost alergenim živilom, kot so kravje mleko, jajca in arašidi, zmanjša verjetnost za razvoj alergij v kasnejšem življenju. Ta pristop predstavlja pomemben premik od prejšnjih smernic, ki so priporočale izogibanje alergenim živilom v zgodnjem otroštvu, vendar bi bilo potrebno še več raziskav na tem področju.Introduction: Early introduction of allergenic foods is an important contributor to reducing the risk of developing food allergies. The aim of this thesis was to study the early introduction of highly allergenic foods in children.
Methods: We used the descriptive method of work and the method of analysis, compilation and synthesis. The literature review was searched in the following databases: the CINAHL, PubMed and the Cochrane Library. The content analysis method was used to systematically classify relevant information from the literature. The selection of relevant articles was illustrated with a PRISMA diagram.
Results: Of the 121 articles received, eight are included. The most important findings showed that early introduction of one or more allergen-containing foods (between 4 and 6 months to 12 months of age) reduces the risk of allergy. Several studies confirm that regular consumption of allergenic foods at an early age leads to long-term allergen tolerance.
Discussion and conclusion: Early introduction of highly allergenic foods to children between 4 and 12 months of age has proven to be an effective strategy to reduce the risk of developing food allergies. Research has shown that early exposure to allergenic foods such as cow\u27s milk, eggs and peanuts reduces the likelihood of developing allergies later in life. This approach represents an important shift from previous guidelines which recommended avoiding allergenic foods in early childhood, but more research in this area is needed