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Vloga manjših mest v Alžiriji
Get PDFThis paper examines the vital role of smaller towns in Algeria\u27s urbanization, highlighting their influence on national and regional dynamics. As Algeria reflects global urbanization trends, disparities remain between the north and south. Smaller towns - urban centers with populations of 5,000 to 50,000 - serve as key links between rural and urban areas, facilitating trade, services, and regional integration. Using census and economic data, the study employs quantitative analysis to evaluate their functions. Despite financial and administrative hurdles, these towns are crucial for promoting regional balance and easing urban concentration. The paper advocates policies to enhance infrastructure, economic opportunities, and services in small towns, emphasizing their significance for sustainable development and for reducing spatial inequalities in Algeria\u27s growing urban landscape.V prispevku preučujemo vlogo manjših mest v urbanizaciji Alžirije in izpostavlja njihov vpliv v nacionalnem in regionalnem kontekstu. Čeprav Alžirija odraža globalne trende urbanizacije, ostajajo razlike med severom in jugom države. Manjša mesta - urbana središča s 5.000 do 50.000 prebivalci - služijo kot ključne povezave med podeželskimi in urbanimi območji, saj so to središča trgovine, storitev in regionalnega povezovanja. Študija z uporabo popisnih in gospodarskih podatkov kvantitativno analizira njihove funkcije. Kljub finančnim in upravnim oviram so ta mesta ključnega pomena za spodbujanje regionalnega ravnovesja in zmanjšanje koncentracije v velikih urbanih območjih. V prispevku zagovarjamo politike za izboljšanje infrastrukture, gospodarskih priložnosti in storitev v majhnih mestih, pri čemer poudarjamo njihov pomen za trajnostni razvoj in zmanjšanje prostorskih neenakosti v rastoči urbani krajini Alžirije
Optimizing cooperation strategies for new energy vehicle manufacturers and technology suppliers: A game theory approach
Get PDFNew energy vehicle manufacturers usually choose to cooperate with technology suppliers to improve their products’ market competitiveness. For this purpose, this paper constructs a single and dual sales-channel supply chain system comprising a technology supplier and a new energy vehicle manufacturer. Within this framework, the technology supplier acts as the leader in a Stackelberg game, while the new energy vehicle manufacturer acts as the follower. Based on intelligent driving cooperation cases between Huawei and Chang’an, BYD, and Seres, three cooperation modes—“technology introduction + own sales channel (Model A)”, “cooperative R&D + own sales channel (Model B)”, and “technology introduction + channel support (Model C)”—are examined to analyze cooperation mode selection strategies for the new energy vehicle manufacturer and the technology supplier. The study found that when the profit ratio of technology supplier to the new energy vehicle manufacturer (referred to as the revenue sharing coefficient) meets certain conditions, the optimal cooperation mode of the new energy vehicle manufacturer and technology supplier is Model C. Additionally, the profit obtained by the technology supplier under Model A is always the smallest, while the profit size between the other two models depends on the revenue sharing coefficient. Moreover, five situations describe the profit outcomes of the new energy vehicle manufacturer across the three cooperation modes, which are affected by the revenue sharing coefficient and the proportion of the technology supplier’s R&D investment cost. This study addresses a gap in research on cooperation modes within the new energy vehicle sector, and the conclusions obtained can provide valuable theoretical insights for new energy vehicle manufacturers and technology suppliers when selecting cooperation strategies
Comparing legal framework of search and seizure in american and slovenian criminal procedural law
Get PDFV zaključnem delu primerjamo ureditvi preiskav in zasegov z vidika varstva pravice do zasebnosti v Združenih državah Amerike in Republiki Sloveniji. V prvem delu zaključnega dela obravnavamo ustavno ureditev varstva pravice do zasebnosti v kazenskem procesnem pravu Združenih držav Amerike, torej dopustnost posegov vanjo s preiskavami in zasegi, kakor je opredeljeno s četrtim amandmajem k ameriški Ustavi ter precedenčnimi sodbami Vrhovnega sodišča. Predstavimo zgodovinski pregled in razvoj varstva pravice do zasebnosti skozi analizo vodilnih precedenčnih sodb, ki so področje oblikovale. Drugi del zaključnega dela se osredotoča na ureditev področja pravice do zasebnosti z vidika kazenskega procesnega prava v Republiki Sloveniji. Obravnavamo ustavne določbe v zvezi z varstvom pravice do zasebnosti ter določene vodilne odločbe Ustavnega sodišča na tem področju. V nadaljevanju opišemo zgodovinski razvoj akuzatorno-adversarnega in inkvizitornega postopka, na katerih temelji idejna zasnova »mešanega« modela kazenskega postopka, ki je uveljavljen v Sloveniji. Sledi opis posameznih določb v zvezi s preiskavami in zasegi iz Zakona o kazenskem postopku. V zadnjem delu naloge skušamo primerjati ureditvi obeh držav in opredeliti poglavitne razlike pri varstvu pravice do zasebnosti na področju preiskav in zasegov.In this thesis we compare the legal frameworks of search and seizure through the lens of the right to privacy in the United States of America and the Republic of Slovenia. In the first part of the thesis we examine the constitutional protection of the right to privacy in criminal procedural law in the United States of America, namely the permissibility of breaching it with searches and seizures as defined in the Fourth Amendment to the American Constitution and precedents of the Supreme Court. We present the historical overview and the development of the right to privacy through analyzing leading precedents that shaped the field. The second part of the thesis focuses on the legal framework of the right to privacy from the perspective of criminal procedural law in the Republic of Slovenia. We examine the constitutional provisions about the right to privacy and certain leading decisions of the Constitutional Court. We continue by describing the historical development of the accusatorial-adversarial and inquisitorial criminal procedure on which the Slovenian mixed model of criminal procedure is based upon. Afterwards we detail the specific provisions concerning search and seizure in the Criminal Procedure Act. Lastly, we compare the frameworks of both countries and determine the main differences in protecting the right to privacy in the context of searches and seizures
Risk analysis in supply chains
Get PDFKonkurenčni boj med podjetji se vedno bolj seli na raven dobavnih verig. Prav zato je vedno bolj pomembno njihovo upravljanje in upravljanje s tveganji, ki se pojavljajo v dobavnih verigah.
Tveganje je tisti element, ki se mu ne moremo izogniti in je vedno bolj prisotno, tako v življenju ljudi, kot tudi v poslovnem življenju. Na splošno razmišljamo o tveganju z negativno konotacijo. Običajno razmišljamo o tveganju v smislu neprijetnih dogodkov, ki se lahko zgodijo. Osnovna težava, ko razmišljamo o tveganju je, da se ta pojavlja v veliko različnih oblikah. V dobavnih verigah, se lahko tveganje tako pojavi na kateri koli točki te verige.
Veliko je dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na povečevanje tveganj v dobavnih verigah in v diplomskem delu se bomo osredotočili na nekatere izmed njih. Najbolj nas zanimajo tveganja, ki jih prinašajo nenadni, nenapovedani dogodki, ki so posledica vojn, bolezni, politične aktivnosti, skratka dogodki, ki jih je težko napovedati in predstavljajo velika tveganja v upravljanju dobavnih verig.
V realnem življenju pa je velika večina tveganj manjših in imajo omejene posledice. Če za primer vzamemo zastoj na avtocesti, ki lahko povzroči zamudo pri dobavi za dobro uro, je malo verjetno, da bi ta zamuda imela katastrofalne posledice za podjetje.
V diplomskem delu ugotavljamo, da so posledice tveganj v dobavnih verigah kompleksen problem, ki zahteva dobro pripravljenost na hitre reakcije, in sicer tako na državni ravni, kot na ravni podjetij in posameznikov.The competitive struggle between companies is increasingly moving to the level of supply chains. This is why the management of supply chains, and the management of risks that arise in supply chains are increasingly important.
Risk is an element that can\u27t be avoided completely, and is increasingly present in lives of people and in everyday business. We generally think of risk with a negative connotation, in terms of unpleasant events that could happen. The basic problem when we think of risk is that it comes in many different forms. In supply chains, risk can arise at any point in that chain.
There are many factors that increase risks in supply chains, and in this thesis, we will focus on just some of them. We are predominantly interested in risks which arise by sudden unanticipated events, resulting from wars, diseases, political activity, i.e. events that are difficult to predict, and pose great risks in supply chain management.
However, in real life, the vast majority of risks are minor, and have limited consequences. For example, a traffic jam on a highway that could delay a delivery for an hour is unlikely to have catastrophic consequences for the company.
In this thesis, we find that the consequences in supply chain risks are a complex problem that requires good preparedness for rapid reactions, at state level as well as at the level of companies and individuals
Appropriateness of the existing ERP system in a manufacturing company X
Get PDFERP-sistemi so pomembni del podjetja, saj med drugim vplivajo na uspešnost poslovnih procesov za delovanje celotnega podjetja, ter konkurenčnost. ERP-sistemi se glede na razvoj trga in tehnologije, razvijajo že od leta 1950. Še danes se razvoj nadaljuje. Sisteme sestavlja po določenih virih 8 glavnih kategorij, med katere sodijo načrtovanje, delo z osnovnimi sredstvi, kadrovski procesi, prodaja, logistika, proizvodnja, poslovanje z materiali ter finančna slika podjetja. Medtem ko drugi viri sisteme delijo na 9 glavnih kategorij, kamor sodijo poslovanje materialne logistike, upravljanje zalog, kontrola tržnosti, proizvodnji procesi, izdelava produkta, skrb za podjetniški promet, tržnost, vpogled v finance podjetja, poslovanje prek spleta ter letna poročila poslovanja. Ko podjetje zazna, da obstoječi ERP-sistem ne izpolnjuje želenega, se lahko odloči za nadgradnjo ali implementacijo sistema. V večini primerov se podjetja za nadgradnjo ERP-sistema odločijo, saj sistem ne vključuje vseh procesov podjetja ali pa ni dovolj razvit za potrebe podjetja. Pri procesu se lahko, če ni potrebnega strokovnega znanja, pojavijo izzivi, med slednje sodijo finančni zalogaj, poznejše dodatne nadgradnje sistema, ter odprava narejenih napak. V izogib omenjenemu si podjetja lahko pomagajo s sedmimi smernicami. Podjetja se za postopek implementacije novega sistema odločijo zaradi boljše organizacije celotnih procesov, skladno s tržnimi spremembami, konkurenčnostjo, ter konec koncev tudi višje zadovoljstvo strank in zaposlenih. Sam postopek implementacije lahko podjetju predstavlja velik finančni zalogaj. Pri implementaciji obravnavamo 4 faze implementacijskega postopka ter 4 metode, med katerimi podjetje lahko izbira. Cilj diplomskega dela je bilo ugotoviti ustreznost obstoječega ERP-sistema v izbranem proizvodnem podjetju X, zato smo ga predstavili ter opisali. Poleg tega smo raziskali še dva ERP-sistema Odoo in Infor, ki se med drugim osredotočata tudi na proizvodna podjetja. Z raziskavo smo ugotovili, da je obstoječi sistem ERP ustrezen, saj podjetju zagotavlja podporo pri razvoju skladno z razvojem trga. Prav tako nudi konkurenčnost na trgu ter digitalizacijo. Uvedba novega ERP-sistema za trenutni položaj podjetja ni obvezna, boljša opcija je nadgradnja obstoječega sistema. Slednje podjetje že izvaja, trenutno na področju fine proizvodnje. Po potrebi nadgradnje se podjetje posvetuje oz. ideje črpa od zaposlenih. Če bi se podjetje drastično povečalo in dislociralo, bi priporočili uvedbo ERP-sistema Infor, katerega glavni cilj je podpora velikim proizvodnim podjetjem.ERP systems are an important part of a company, as they affect, among other things, the performance of business processes and the operation of the whole company, as well as competitiveness. ERP systems have been evolving since the 1950s, driven by market and technological developments. The development is continuing today. According to certain sources, the systems consist of eight main categories, which include planning, fixed asset handling, HR processes, sales, logistics, production, materials handling, and company financials. While other sources divide the systems into nine main categories, including material logistics operations, inventory management, marketability control, production processes, product manufacturing, corporate turnover management, marketability, insight into company finances, online operations, and annual business reports. When a company perceives that its existing ERP system is not delivering what it wants, it may decide to upgrade or implement a new system. In most cases, companies decide to upgrade their ERP system because the system does not include all the company\u27s processes or is not sufficiently developed for the company\u27s needs. Challenges may arise in the process if the necessary expertise is not available, including the financial burden, subsequent additional upgrades to the system, and the correction of errors made. To avoid this, companies can help by following 7 guidelines. Companies choose to implement a new system in order to better organize their entire processes in line with market changes, competitiveness, and, ultimately, higher customer and employee satisfaction. The implementation process itself can be a major financial burden for the company. In the implementation process, we consider 4 phases of the implementation process and 4 methods from which the company can choose. The thesis aimed to determine the suitability of the existing ERP system in the selected manufacturing company X, and therefore, we presented and described it. In addition, we investigated two other ERP systems, Odoo and Infor, which focus on manufacturing companies, among others. The study concluded that the existing ERP system is appropriate as it supports the company in its development in line with the market development and thus offers a competitive position in the market and digitalization. The introduction of a new ERP system is not mandatory for the current position of the companya better option is to upgrade the existing system. The latter is already being implemented, currently in the field of fine manufacturing. If an upgrade is needed, the company consults or gets ideas from its employees. If the company were to drastically grow and relocate, we recommend the introduction of an Infor ERP system, the main objective of which is to support large manufacturing companies
Motivation for training in The health insurance institute of Slovenia
Get PDFMotivacija za izobraževanje odraslih je kompleksen in večplasten pojav, pri katerem imata pomembno vlogo tako posameznik kot delodajalec. Učinkovito izobraževanje in koristi na obeh straneh so možne le ob usklajenem sodelovanju obeh – pripravljenost za učenje na strani posameznika in na strani delodajalca omogočanje dostopa do kakovostnih vsebin.Motivation for adult education is shown to be a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, shaped by both the individual and the employer. Effective education and mutual benefits can only be achieved through coordinated cooperation—on the part of the individual, a willingness to learn, and on the part of the employer, the provision of access to quality learning opportunities
Acceptance of new technological solutions: Case of vehicle sharing amongst older adults
Get PDFHiter tehnološki razvoj in starajoče se prebivalstvo usmerjata pozornost snovalcev tehnoloških rešitev na dostopnost storitev celotni družbi. Rešitve med drugim segajo na področje mobilnosti, ki predstavlja temelj za vzdrževanje socialnih stikov, samostojnosti in kakovosti življenja, zlasti med starejšimi odraslimi. Področje mobilnosti tako odpira možnosti za poglobljeno preučevanje vedenj in potreb starejših odraslih.
Magistrsko delo skozi celostni pogled prouči souporabo vozil kot ene izmed rešitev izzivov, povezanih z mobilnostjo starejših odraslih v Sloveniji. Z namenom ugotoviti, kateri notranji, zunanji in demografski dejavniki vplivajo na dotično vedenje, je bila izvedena kvantitativna raziskava med obiskovalci centrov dnevnih aktivnosti v dveh večjih mestih. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 286 udeležencev. Statistična analiza rezultatov je pokazala, da so med ključnimi dejavniki, ki vplivajo na souporabo vozil, subjektivne norme, tehnološka anksioznost, osebna normativna prepričanja in zdravstveno stanje.
Primerljive študije, ki bi preučevala souporabo vozil med starejšimi odraslimi, v literaturi ni zaslediti. Delo zato osvetljuje novo raziskovalno področje in nudi osnovo za nadaljnje študije. Ugotovitve imajo tudi praktično vrednost, saj se lahko ponudniki pri razvoju in ponudbi svojih storitev na njihovi osnovi usmerijo na ciljno skupino morebitnih uporabnikov med starejšimi odraslimi. Oblikovalci politik pa lahko pri načrtovanju mobilnostnih rešitev upoštevajo njihove specifične potrebe in zmožnosti.Ageing population and rapid technology development are directing attention towards planning technological solutions that would be accessible to everyone in society. A handful of these solutions focus on mobility, as it plays a crucial role in maintaining social participation, independence, and quality of life, especially for older adults. As such, it offers an opportunity for new research and an in-depth understanding of the needs and behaviour of older adults.
This thesis explores vehicle sharing as one of the solutions to mobility challenges of older adults in Slovenia. To establish which of the internal, external, and demographic factors influence such behaviour, a quantitative study among visitors of daily activities centres in two larger cities was conducted. The study consisted of 286 participants. Statistical analysis revealed that subjective norms, gerontechnology anxiety, personal normative beliefs, and health significantly influence vehicle sharing.
There are no comparable studies that examine vehicle sharing among older adults in the available literature. This thesis, therefore, sheds light on a potential new research field and provides a basis for future studies of this topic. The findings also carry practical implications, as they enable service providers to adapt the development and provision of their services accordingly, focusing on potential users among older adults. At the same time, policymakers can consider their specific needs and abilities when designing future mobility solutions
Development of a model for predicting electricity production in solar power plants
Get PDFMagistrska naloga obravnava razvoj modela za napoved proizvodnje električne energije v sončnih elektrarnah na območju Štajerske z uporabo umetnih nevronskih mrež. Za modeliranje so bili zbrani meteorološki podatki in zgodovinski podatki o proizvodnji za 100 elektrarn na območju vzhodne Slovenije. Model je bil razvit v programskem jeziku Pythonu z uporabo knjižnice PyTorch ter testiran z različnimi arhitekturami in aktivacijskimi funkcijami. Najboljše rezultate je dosegel model z dvema skritima slojema po 128 nevronov in kombinacijo ReLU ter Sigmoid funkcij. Dosežena povprečna napaka MAPE je znašala 8–14 %, pri čemer je natančnost močno odvisna od kakovosti vhodnih podatkov.The master’s thesis focuses on developing a model for predicting electricity generation in solar power plants in the Štajerska region using artificial neural networks. Meteorological and historical production data from 100 plants in eastern Slovenia were used. The model was built in Python with PyTorch and tested with different architectures and activation functions. The best performance was achieved with two hidden layers of 128 neurons each and a combination of ReLU and Sigmoid functions. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) ranged from 8% to 14%, depending strongly on input data quality
THE POSITION OF THE HOLDER OF A MORTGAGE INSURED CLAIM IN CASE OF BANKRUPTCY OF THE DEBTOR
Get PDFSkozi diplomski seminar smo poskušali iz teoretičnega vidika pojasniti pojem hipoteke, stečajni postopek in kako se poplača hipotekarni upnik v primeru stečaja dolžnika. Za hipotekarnega upnika je ključnega pomena, v kolikšnem znesku in na kakšen način bo dobil povrnjene svoje terjatve. V primeru, kadar je terjatev zavarovana s hipoteko upnik z začetkom stečajnega postopka pridobi ločitveno pravico. Ločitvena pravica hipotekarnemu upniku omogoča, da se poplača mimo ostalih upnikov, torej iz posebne stečajne mase. V praksi se velikokrat zgodi, da sta zastavitelj (realni dolžnik) in dolžnik zavarovane terjatve (osebni dolžnik) različni osebi. Do tega pride, če zastavitelj zastavi svojo nepremičnino za tuj dolg. Takrat se pojavi vprašanje, od koga lahko hipotekarni upnik zahteva poplačilo.
Na koncu diplomskega seminarja pa smo opisali konkreten primer, kako poteka zavarovanje kredita s hipoteko pri banki. V današnjem času je zavarovanje kredita ena izmed najpomembnejših nalog bank pri odobritvi kredita. Banka se s tem zavaruje, da bo dobila vrnjen denar. Kredit je mogoče zavarovati na več načinov, vendar se pri kreditih večjih vrednostih običajno ta zavaruje z zastavo nepremičnine.In the first part of the thesis I define mortgage and bankruptcy, and explain how the mortgage is repaid in case of bankruptcy. It is crucially important that the lender knows the amount he will be paid back and the way in which his loan will be repaid. In case of a mortgage loan, the lender has preferential rights if the debtor goes bankrupt. This means that he will be repaid before other lenders. There are cases when the person pledging real property is not the same as the debtor. This happens when someone pledges his property for someone else\u27s debt. The question then is who is responsible for repaying the loan.
In the second part of the thesis I describe the process of getting a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note. When approving the loan, securing it is one of the bank’s most important tasks today. This gives the bank insurance that the money will be repaid. There are many ways to secure a loan, but it is common to secure higher amounts of loans with a mortgage