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Design and implementation of an assembly line for the manufacture hinge mechanisms
No full textZaključno delo povzema celoten projekt zasnove in končne izvedbe montažne linije za sestavo tečajnih mehanizmov. Razvoj novega tečajnega mehanizma in vedno večje povpraševanje s strani kupca sta privedla do začetkov snovanja te linije, ki bi omogočila lažje in hitrejše delo ter zagotovila ponovljive in zanesljive izdelke.
Na podlagi določenih zahtev ter omejitev, ki smo jih dobili od razvojnega oddelka, so bile izdelane posamezne montažne celice. Za konstruiranje posameznih enot in sklopov je bil uporabljen program SolidWorks. Montažno linijo sestavljajo štiri montažne celice, preko katerih poteka ročna sestava tečajnih mehanizmov. Sestava se začne s sklopko, nadaljuje z nosilcem za enosmerni motor, toplotnim ščitom in nosilcem celotnega sistema. Tečajni mehanizmi so produkti višjega cenovnega razreda, posledično je zagotovljena stoodstotna kontrola vsakega končnega izdelka. Upoštevani so bili predpisi za strojegradnjo iz Direktive 2006/42/ES ter standardizacija za varno snovanje strojev SIST EN ISO 12100:2010, ki je osnova za oceno tveganja.
Končen rezultat projekta in tudi magistrske naloge je končana montažna linija za sestavo tečajnih mehanizmov.The final thesis summarizes the entire project of designing and completing the Assembly line for hinge mechanisms. The development of a new hinge mechanism and the increasing demand from the customers led to the initiation of the design of this line, with which easier and faster work was enabled, while the products were ensured to be repeatable and reliable. Based on specific requirements and constraints received from the development department, individual assembly cells were designed and manufactured. For the design of units and subassemblies, the SolidWorks software was used. The assembly line is composed of four assembly cells through which the manual assembly of hinge mechanisms takes place. The assembly starts with the clutch, followed by support for the DC motor, the thermal shield, and the system carriage. Since the hinge mechanisms belong to the higher price range, each final product is subjected to 100% quality control. The requirements for machine construction from Directive 2006/42/EC and the standardization for the safe design of machinery SIST EN ISO 12100:2010 were taken into account, serving as the basis for risk assessment. The result of the project and of the master’s thesis is a completed assembly line for the production of hinge mechanisms
Use of underground infrastructure for energy storage purposes at Premogovnik Velenje d.o.o.
No full textV magistrskem delu je preučena možnost ponovne uporabe rudniške infrastrukture Premogovnika Velenje (PV) za shranjevanje električne energije s pomočjo gravitacijskega hranilnika energije (GHE). V kontekstu postopnega zapiranja rudnika in potrebe po prestrukturiranju regije se kot ena izmed strateških rešitev ponuja tehnološka implementacija sistemov za shranjevanje energije v opuščene ali opuščajoče se vertikalne jaške, ki so bili prvotno namenjeni prezračevanju. Na podlagi študije izvedljivosti, izdelani v okviru tega magistrskega dela, so analizirani tehnični, ekonomski in sistemski vidiki vgradnje gravitacijskega sistema z eno ali več utežmi ter primerjani z značilnostmi litij-ionskih hranilnikov električne energije, ki predstavljajo komercialno uveljavljeno alternativo. Ocenjeni so kapitalski (CAPEX) in obratovalni stroški (OPEX), preverjena je primernost rudniških jaškov ter analizirane možnosti financiranja iz javnih virov. Rezultati potrjujejo tehnično izvedljivost projekta, medtem ko je ekonomska upravičenost gravitacijskega sistema v veliki meri pogojena z dostopom do podpornih mehanizmov. Primerjava z litij-ionskimi sistemi dodatno osvetli ključne prednosti in omejitve posamezne tehnologije glede na stroškovno učinkovitost, življenjsko dobo, okoljski vpliv ter možnosti integracije v obstoječe energetsko okolje.In this master’s thesis, the possibility of reusing the mining infrastructure of Premogovnik Velenje (PV) for electricity storage using a gravitational energy storage system (GHE) is examined. In the context of the gradual closure of the mine and the need for regional restructuring, one of the strategic solutions considered is the technological implementation of energy storage systems in abandoned or decommissioned vertical shafts, originally designed for ventilation. Based on a feasibility study prepared within the framework of this thesis, the technical, economic, and systemic aspects of installing a gravitational system with one or multiple weights are analyzed and compared with the characteristics of lithium-ion energy storage systems, which represent a commercially established alternative. Capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenditures (OPEX) are assessed, the suitability of the mining shafts is verified, and possibilities for financing from public sources are analyzed. The results confirm the technical feasibility of the project, while the economic viability of the gravitational system largely depends on access to support mechanisms. The comparison with lithium-ion systems further highlights the key advantages and limitations of each technology in terms of cost-effectiveness, lifetime, environmental impact, and integration into the existing energy landscape
Development of a platform for contactless foam detection and control in bioreactors
No full textV magistrski nalogi je predstavljen celovit razvoj platforme za brezkontaktno detekcijo in nadzor pene v bioreaktorjih, ki združuje sodobne senzorske tehnologije ter napredne pristope avtomatizacije. Osrednji cilj raziskave je bil doseči natančno in zanesljivo spremljanje nastajanja pene brez neposrednega stika z medijem ter hkrati zagotoviti možnost avtomatskega doziranja protipenilnih sredstev. V teoretičnem delu so analizirani fizikalno-kemijski mehanizmi nastajanja pene ter opisane ključne funkcije bioreaktorjev, ki vplivajo na stabilnost procesov. Eksperimentalni del zajema primerjavo več pristopov, med katerimi izstopajo optična detekcija z uporabo Beckhoff Vision sistema, uporaba IR osvetlitve in transparentnih grelcev za odpravo kondenza ter integracija radarskih senzorjev (Keyence, Endress+Hauser) za robustno spremljanje nivoja pene in tekočine. Rezultati testiranj potrjujejo, da so radarske metode zaradi odpornosti na kondenz in motnje posebej primerne za industrijsko okolje, medtem ko računalniški vid omogoča visoko natančnost ob ustreznih svetlobnih pogojih. Zaključni del naloge zajema implementacijo demo stroja, programiranega v okolju TIA Portal, s celostnim uporabniškim vmesnikom na HMI panelu, kar omogoča intuitivno upravljanje in enostavno integracijo v širše procesne sisteme. Razvita platforma tako pomembno prispeva k izboljšanju učinkovitosti in zanesljivosti bioprocesov ter predstavlja osnovo za nadaljnje raziskave na področju inteligentne avtomatizacije biotehnoloških aplikacij.The master’s thesis presents the comprehensive development of a platform for contactless foam detection and control in bioreactors, combining modern sensor technologies with advanced automation approaches. The main objective of the research was to achieve accurate and reliable monitoring of foam formation without direct contact with the medium, while simultaneously providing the possibility of automatic dosing of antifoaming agents. The theoretical part analyzes the physico-chemical mechanisms of foam formation and describes the key functions of bioreactors that influence process stability. The experimental part includes a comparison of several approaches, among which stand out optical detection using the Beckhoff Vision system, the use of IR illumination and transparent heaters to eliminate condensation, and the integration of radar sensors (Keyence, Endress+Hauser) for robust monitoring of foam and liquid levels. The test results confirm that radar methods, due to their resistance to condensation and disturbances, are particularly suitable for industrial environments, while computer vision enables high accuracy under appropriate lighting conditions. The final part of the thesis covers the implementation of a demo machine, programmed in the TIA Portal environment, with a comprehensive user interface on an HMI panel, which allows intuitive operation and easy integration into broader process systems. The developed platform thus significantly contributes to improving the efficiency and reliability of bioprocesses and represents a foundation for further research in the field of intelligent automation of biotechnological applications
Palletizing with a Kuka KR 70 r2100 robotic arm at Inel d.o.o.
No full textV diplomskem delu je predstavljena paletizacija škatel z uporabo industrijske robotske roke Kuka KR70 R2100. Namen diplomske naloge je prikazati učinkovito, zanesljivo in prilagodljivo rešitev za problem avtomatiziranja paletizacije različnih vrst perforiranih škatel. Diplomsko delo zavzema predstavitev robotske celice v kateri obratuje robot, podroben opis prijemala, zagon robota, komunikacijo med robotom in programirljivim logičnim krmilnikom ,varnost v robotski celici, simulacijo robota v simulacijskem programu Kuka.Sim in robotski program. Rezultati pokažejo uspešno in varno paletizacijo, ki izpolnjuje vse zahteve projekta.This thesis presents the palletizing of boxes using the industrial robotic arm KUKA KR70 R2100. The aim of the thesis is to demonstrate an efficient, reliable, and adaptable solution for automating the palletization of various types of perforated boxes. The thesis includes a presentation of the robotic cell in which the robot operates, a detailed description of the gripper, robot commissioning, communication between the robot and the programmable logic controller safety within the robotic cell, robot simulation in the KUKA.Sim software, and the robot program. The results demonstrate successful and safe palletizing that meets all project requirements
Application of tools for quality control and improvement of the production process
No full textV magistrskem delu sem najprej predstavil kakovost in nato najpogosteje uporabljene metode za zagotavljanje kakovosti. V jedru dela sem za izbran izdelek izvedel analizo načina in posledic napak (FMEA). Eden od ciljev je bil, da izdelek v celoti analiziram in mu določim vse potencialno verjetne napake. Drugi cilj pa je bila odprava in nadgradnja najverjetnejših napak. Analizirali smo konstrukcijo izdelka z metodo konstrukcijske FMEA analize in procese za izdelavo izdelka z procesno FMEA analizo. V podjetju smo vpeljati aktivno vodenje kakovosti, ki ga trenutno še nismo uporabljali. Uspeli smo ustvariti sledljivost za odstopanja in napake na izdelkih.In my master’s thesis, I first presented the concept of quality and then the most commonly used methods for quality assurance. In the core part of the thesis, I performed a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for a selected product. One of the objectives was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the product and identify all potentially likely failures. The second objective was to induce improvements to the most probable failures. We analyzed the product’s design using the Design FMEA method and the manufacturing processes using the Process FMEA method. The company implemented active quality management, which had not been previously used. We succeeded in establishing traceability for deviations and product defects
Expansion element and the impact of its cross-section on the refrigeration cycle in refrigeration appliances
No full textV magistrskem delu je opisan postopek preračuna sklopa kapilare in sesalne cevi v hladilnem sistemu, ki skupaj tvorita prenosnik toplote, da bi ugotovili, kakšen je vpliv preseka kapilare na delovanje hladilnega sistema. Preračunana sta padec tlaka in sprememba temperature s tremi različnimi kapilarami, ki so nameščene na istem hladilnem sistemu, saj nas zanima sprememba učinkovitosti pri prenosu toplote iz kapilare na sesalno cev, ko spremenimo presek kapilare. Preračun je podprt z eksperimentalnimi meritvami. Vključene so še meritve ostalih komponent hladilnega sistema, da smo lahko skupno ovrednotili, kako vpliva presek na delovanje sistema. Izsledki tega dela so, da je prenosnik toplote učinkovitejši z večjim notranjim premerom kapilare, saj je površina prenosa tako večja, posledično je zato tudi učinkovitost hladilnega sistema boljša z večjim notranjim premerom kapilare pri enaki dolžini prenosnika.This master\u27s thesis describes the procedures for calculating the capillary tube and suction tube assembly in a cooling system, which together form a heat exchanger, in order to determine the influence of the capillary cross-section on the operation of the cooling system. The pressure drop and temperature change with three different capillary tubes installed on the same cooling system are calculated, since we are interested in the change in efficiency in heat transfer from the capillary to the suction tube when the capillary cross-section is changed. The calculation is supported with experimental measurements. Measurements of other components of the cooling system are also included, so that we can collectively evaluate how the cross-section affects the system. The results of this work are that the heat exchanger is more efficient with a larger inner diameter of the capillary tube, since the transfer surface is thus larger, and consequently the efficiency of the cooling system is also better with a larger inner diamater of the capillary tube fort he same lenght of the heat exchanger
Cost comparison of gravity and pressure sewer systems in the municipality of Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici
No full textV diplomskem delu smo primerjali stroške gravitacijskega in tlačnega kanalizacijskega sistema
v občini Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici. Analizo smo izvedli na podlagi dejanskih projektnih podatkov,
predračunov in tržnih cen za material, delo ter stroške obratovanja in vzdrževanja. Rezultati
kažejo, da so skupni investicijski ter obratovalni in vzdrževalni stroški pri tlačni kanalizaciji višji
predvsem zaradi črpališča in električne energije, čeprav so stroški cevovodov in dela nekoliko
nižji. Gravitacijska kanalizacija se izkaže kot dolgoročno ugodnejša rešitev na območjih z
ustreznim reliefom, saj ima nižje stroške obratovanja in vzdrževanja. Ugotovili smo, da je za
območja z večjimi višinskimi razlikami uporaba tlačne kanalizacije smiselna, a je kombinacija
obeh sistemov optimalna za trajnostno in ekonomsko učinkovito komunalno infrastrukturo v
občini Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici.In the thesis, we compared the costs of gravity and pressure sewerage systems in the
Municipality of Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici. The analysis was carried out based on actual project
data, contractor estimates, and market prices for materials, labor, as well as operating and
maintenance costs. The results show that the total investment, operating, and maintenance
costs are higher for the pressure sewerage system, mainly due to the pumping station and
electricity consumption, although the costs of pipelines and labor are somewhat lower. Gravity
sewerage proves to be a more cost-effective long-term solution in areas with suitable terrain,
as it has lower operating and maintenance costs. We found that the use of pressure sewerage
is reasonable in areas with greater elevation differences, but a combination of both systems is
optimal for sustainable and economically efficient municipal infrastructure in the Municipality
of Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici
Unit for decontamination and processing of aerosol cans
No full textV sklopu diplomske naloge smo izdelali program za samodejno vodenje enote, ki dekontaminira in predela aerosolne pločevinke, v smislu plastične deformacije (stiskanja). Uporabljali smo programsko okolje Siemens TIA Portal V19 SP3. Izdelali smo krmilno logiko in logiko za varovanje ljudi, opreme ter okolja. Naprava deluje v ročnem, avtomatskem, ter polavtomatskem režimu delovanja. Izdelali smo okolje na operacijskem panelu, ki operaterju omogoča pregled nad stanjem naprave, prilagajanje nastavitev in spremljanje statistike. Napisali smo navodilo za posluževanje naprave in navodilo za vzdrževanje naprave.
Projekt vsebuje: komunikacijo z robotomkrmiljenje dveh asinhronskih motorjev, ki poganjata tekoča trakovasenzoriko za nadzor delovanja stroja, varnostna stikala za kontrolo loput in vrat v nevarnih conahvarnostne ključavnice za varovanje ljudi med avtomatskim delovanjem strojapnevmatiko za delovanje stiskalnicvakuumsko črpalko za doseganje podtlaka v stiskalni komoripnevmatsko črpalko za izpiranje stiskalne komorepnevmatsko črpalko za odsesavanje odpadnih medijev iz stiskalne komore.As part of the diploma, we developed a program for the automatic operation of a unit that decontaminates and processes aerosol cans, in meaning plastic deformation. We used Siemens TIA Portal V19 SP3 programming environment. We created control logic and safety logic for people, equipment and environmental protection. The device operates in manual, automatic and semi-automatic mode. We designed an environment on the operators panel that allows the operator to monitor the device status, adjusting the device settings, and keeping track of statistics. We also wrote an operation manual and a maintenance manual.
The project includes communication with a robotcontrol of two asynchronous motors that drive conveyor beltssensors for machine operation monitoringsafety switches for flaps and door status supervision in hazardous zones. Safety locks for people protection during operationpneumatics for press operationvacuum pump for creating an airless environment during can pressinga pneumatics pump for pressing chamber rinsinga pneumatics pump for waste extraction from the pressing chamber
Development of antimicrobial properties of bacterial nanocellulose using bio-based components
No full textTrajnostnost je trenutno eden izmed najpomembnejših konceptov, kamor sodi načelo zaščite pred izčrpavanjem naravnih virov ter koncept zelene kemije. Z željo po implementaciji le-tega se razvijajo nove tehnologije pridobivanja naravnih materialov, uporaba le-teh ter vpeljava ponovne uporabe odpadnih materialov. Bakterijska nanoceluloza (BC) zaradi skladnosti s tem konceptom ter njenih ugodnih lastnostih pridobiva vse več pozornosti za uporabo. Kljub ugodnim lastnostim pa se pojavlja pomanjkljivost na področju uporabe medicinskih aplikacij ter drugih tehnoloških področij, kjer je zahtevano protimikrobno delovanje, ki ga BC sama po sebi ne izkazuje. V raziskovalnem delu smo se tako osredotočili na modifikacijo BC s protimikrobnimi sredstvi. V ta namen smo si izbrali uporabo kvaternega hitozana (HTCC) ter odpad papirne industrije, ki vsebuje lignosulfonat (O-LS), kar je v skladu s konceptom trajnostnosti. Uporabljen HTCC je bil komercialno pridobljen kemijsko očiščen proizvod, medtem ko smo O-LS uporabili v obliki odpada papirne industrije podjetja Mondi, zaradi česar predvidevamo, da so poleg le-tega v sledovih prisotne še druge kemijske spojine. BC membrane, ki smo jih uporabili za modifikacijo so bile komercialno pridobljene, ki smo jih nadalje pripravili v dveh različnih oblikah – kot membrane in kot niti. Modifikacijo smo potrdili s sledečimi metodami: atenuirana popolna refleksija infrardeče spektroskopije s Fourierevo transformacijo (ATR-FTIR), rentgenska praškovna difrakcija (XRD), potenciometrična titracija, goniometrija, optična mikroskopija, vrstična elektronska mikroskopija (SEM), navzemanje vode (WU),
mehanska testiranja, protimikrobna testiranja. S pomočjo poglobljene analize smo potrdili spremembe v lastnostih BC v odvisnosti od strukture (membrana vs. nit) ter protimikrobno delovanje BC membran za S. aureus in S. epidermidis pri BC membrani modificirani z O-LS ter protimikrobno delovanje za S. aureus pri BC membrani modificirani s HTCC. Protimikrobno delovanje pri BC modificirani s HTCC je zagotovila kvaterna dušikova skupina v molekuli HTCC, pri BC modificirani z O-LS pa prisotnost fenolne spojine (prisotnost obeh smo potrdili z ATR-FTIR analizo). Z modifikacijo smo pridobili ultra čist, trajnostni material s protimikrobnim delovanjem, ki ima potencialno uporabno vrednost v medicini, kot tudi na drugih področjih kjer je tovrstna aktivnost zaželena.Sustainability is currently one of the most important concepts, which includes the principle of protection against the depletion of natural resources and the concept of green chemistry. With the desire to implement this, new technologies for obtaining natural materials, their use, and the introduction of recycling waste materials are being developed. Bacterial nanocellulose (BC) is gaining more and more attention due to its compliance with this concept and its favorable properties. However, despite its favorable properties there is a lack in the field of medical applications and other technological areas where antimicrobial activity is required, which BC itself does not have. In this research work, we have therefore focused on the modification of BC with antimicrobial agents. For this purpose, we decided to use quaternary chitosan (HTCC) and lignosulfonate-containing waste from the paper industry (O-LS), which is in line with the concept of sustainability. The HTCC used was a commercially obtained, chemically purified product, while the O-LS used was in the form of a paper industry waste, which is why we assume that other chemical compounds are also present in trace amounts. The BC membranes used for the modification were commercially obtained and were further processed in two different forms - as membranes and as threads. After modification, the following methods were used to verify the changes before and after BC modification: attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), potentiometric titration, goniometry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water uptake (WU), mechanical testing, antimicrobial testing. The in-depth analysis allowed us to confirm the changes in BC properties depending on the structure (membrane vs thread) and the antimicrobial activity of the BC membranes against S. aureus and S. epidermidis in the BC membranes modified with O-LS and the antimicrobial activity against S. aureus in the BC membranes modified with HTCC. The antimicrobial activity of HTCC-modified BC was provided by the quaternary ammonium group in the HTCC molecule, and of O-LS-modified BC by the presence of a phenolic compound (the presence of both was confirmed by ATR-FTIR analysis). Through modification, we obtained an ultra-pure, sustainable material with antimicrobial activity, which has potential utility in medicine, as well as in other areas where such activity is desirable
Predhodna ocena kombinacije membranskih tehnologij za odstranjevanje hranil iz gospodinjskih odpadnih voda
No full textThe study focuses on wastewater treatment by investigating the use of microalgae in cooperation with bacteria, in combination with ultrafiltration and membrane photobioreactors. This approach also enables the extraction of nutrients retained by the organisms, referred to as biomass, which can subsequently be utilised. Three different water samples were tested and introduced into the same system. The first sample was the influent water, the second was the mixed liquor, in which microalgae function in a consortium with bacteria, and the third was the effluent water, referred to as permeate. Parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, inorganic and organic carbon, organic content, and ion concentration were analysed using standard procedures. Certain samples required filtration for specific analyses. The results indicated that measured values varied among the three samples, which is expected, as certain inorganic compounds are consumed as nutrients for microalgae growth. In addition, some nutrients are released through the progressive degradation of more complex compounds. This work demonstrates the effective application of these technologies and methods for municipal wastewater treatment, with a focus on the new rotating membrane (R-HFM), which has a positive impact on system performance. Overall, this represents a promising investment in the future of water treatment.Delo se osredotoča na čiščenje odpadnih voda z raziskovanjem uporabe mikroalg v sodelovanju z bakterijami, v kombinaciji z ultrafiltracijo in membranskimi fotobioreaktorji. Ta pristop omogoča tudi ekstrakcijo hranil, ki jih organizmi zadržujejo, poznanih kot biomasa, ki se jih lahko kasneje uporabi. Testirani so bili trije različni vzorci vode, ki so bili dovajani v isti sistem. Prvi vzorec je bila vhodna voda, drugi vzorec je bil mešani medij, v katerem mikroalge delujejo v konzorciju z bakterijami, tretji vzorec pa je bila izhodna voda, imenovana permeat. Parametri, kot so pH, električna prevodnost, motnost, suspendirane snovi, kemična poraba kisika, anorganski in organski ogljik, organska vsebnost ter koncentracija ionov, so bili analizirani po standardnih postopkih. Nekatere vzorce je bilo potrebno filtrirati za določene analize. Rezultati so pokazali, da se izmerjene vrednosti razlikujejo med tremi vzorci, kar je pričakovano, saj se nekateri anorganski spojini porabljajo kot hranila za rast mikroalg. Poleg tega se nekatera hranila sproščajo z naprednim razgradnjo bolj kompleksnih spojin. Delo dokazuje učinkovito uporabo teh tehnologij in metod za čiščenje komunalnih odpadnih voda, s poudarkom na novi vrteči membrani (R-HFM), ki pozitivno vpliva na delovanje sistema. Na splošno predstavlja to obetavno naložbo v prihodnost čiščenja vode