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Development of a Simulation Model for Calculating the Production Cost of Viticultural Products: Case Study of a Selected Farm
Get PDFMagistrsko delo obravnava razvoj tehnološko-ekonomskega simulacijskega modela za izračun lastne cene vinogradniških proizvodov na primeru družinske kmetije Kavkler. Model, izdelan v okolju MS Excel, omogoča natančen izračun stroškov pridelave grozdja, mošta, odprtega in stekleničenega vina ter simulacijo različnih scenarijev za optimizacijo proizvodnje. Primerjava z modelnimi kalkulacijami Kmetijskega inštituta Slovenije je pokazala 30 % nižje stroške pridelave grozdja na obravnavani kmetiji, pri čemer največji delež stroškov predstavlja ročno delo (59,4 %) in dostava vina (45 % stroškov materiala in storitev).
Simulacije so pokazale, da trenutna prodajna cena stekleničenega vina (3 €/l) ne zadošča za dosego želenega koeficienta ekonomičnosti (KE = 1,4), razen ob izjemno visokem pridelku, ki pa ni realen. KE pri trenutni ceni znaša 1,17, kar pomeni minimalen dobiček. Delo predlaga tri možnosti za izboljšanje ekonomike: dvig prodajne cene, uvedbo linije vrhunskih vin ali ponovni razvoj vinsko-turistične dejavnosti. Model se je izkazal kot učinkovito orodje za strateško načrtovanje in je primeren za nadaljnjo nadgradnjo z dodatnimi parametri, kot je kakovost vina.This master\u27s thesis presents the development of a techno-economic simulation model for calculating the production cost of viticultural products, applied to a selected family farm. Built in MS Excel, the model enables precise cost calculations for grapes, must, bulk wine, and bottled wine, while allowing dynamic scenario simulations for production optimization. Compared to standard model calculations by the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, the farm’s production costs were 30% lower, with manual labor accounting for 59.4% and wine delivery for 45% of material and service costs.
Simulations revealed that the current selling price of bottled wine (€3/l) does not support the desired economic coefficient (KE = 1.4), unless exceptionally high yields are achieved, which are unrealistic under current conditions. The actual KE at this price is 1.17, indicating minimal profitability. The thesis outlines three strategic options for improving economic performance: increasing the selling price, introducing a premium wine line, or reviving wine tourism activities to enhance direct sales with added value.
The model proved to be a valuable tool for strategic planning and cost management, and is suitable for further development, including parameters such as wine quality. It supports informed decision-making and long-term sustainability of the farm’s viticultural and winemaking operations
Students\u27 reflection on the contribution of common teaching methods and compulsory school subjects to sustainable development in Montenegro
Get PDFYouth education is key to building skills and awareness for meaningful change that leads to a sustainable future. The main objective of the survey was to identify the most commonly used teaching methods and to explore Montenegrin students\u27 reflections on the importance of and satisfaction with the teaching of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in 9-year compulsory school subjects. The data was collected between September and November 2022 using an online application, with 705 students responding. The results showed that traditional teaching methods, characterised by teacher-centred instruction and passive student engagement, are still the predominant approach in compulsory education, indicating a gap between current practices and the holistic learning objectives of the ESD guidelines. Secondly, the study showed that the Native language had the greatest influence on students\u27 sustainable habits, followed by biology, geography, maths, and nature. This suggests that the number of lessons per week can influence students\u27 ESD knowledge, although subjects with fewer lessons can still have an impact if they are centred on ESD topics. The third conclusion is that students were equally satisfied with the ESD knowledge acquired in all subjects. The results underline the urgent need for student-centred methods that focus on connecting students with nature, for more hours per week in ESD-related subjects, and for a stronger inclusion of ESD content in general-taught subjects
Primerjalno oglaševanje: ali smem reči, da sem boljši od konkurenta?
Get PDFPredmet prispevka je posebna vrsta oglaševanja, tj. primerjalno oglaševanje, pri katerem podjetje svoje blago ali storitve primerja z blagom ali storitvami konkurenčnega podjetja in pri tem praviloma poudarja prednosti svojega blaga ali storitev. Na ravni EU je tovrstno oglaševanje predmet popolne harmonizacije, ki ne dopušča odstopanja v nacionalnih ureditvah držav članic EU. Prispevek pojasnjuje pojem primerjalnega oglaševanja z razmejitvijo do nekaterih drugih vrst oglaševanja in okoliščine njegove dopustnosti. Primerjalno oglaševanje ni niti absolutno dopustno niti absolutno prepovedano. Zakonitost tega oglaševanja je namreč vezana na pogoje, ki omogočijo njegovo skladnost s pošteno tržno prakso. Glede na to prispevek analizira pogoje dopustnosti in jih razlaga v skladu s prakso Sodišča EU, obenem pa izpostavlja tudi sankcije za nedopustno primerjalno oglaševanje.The paper deals with a special type of advertising, i.e. comparative advertising, in which a company
compares its goods or services with the goods or services of a competing company and, as a rule,
emphasizes the advantages of its goods or services. At the EU level, this type of advertising is subject
to full harmonization, which does not allow deviations in the national regulations of the Member States
of the EU. The Slovenian legislator regulated the rules of comparative advertising in the Consumer
Protection Act. The paper explains the concept of comparative advertising by distinguishing it from
some other types of advertising and the circumstances of its admissibility, such as comparison of one\u27s
own goods, abstract comparisons, system comparisons, comparisons with tests and certificates,
comparisons made by third parties and comparisons made by advertiser himself, plural advertising and
superlative advertising.
Comparative advertising is neither absolutely permissible nor absolutely prohibited. The legality of this
advertising is tied to conditions that enable it to comply with fair market practice. Based on this, the
paper analyses the conditions of admissibility of comparative advertising, with which the EU legislator
wants to harmonize the interests of all persons to whom comparative advertising applies (owners of
intellectual property rights, advertisers, their competitors and consumers). In accordance with the
practice of the Court of Justice of the EU, the conditions of admissibility of comparative advertising
must be interpreted in favour of comparative advertising or the advertiser.
In order for comparative advertising to be permissible, it must meet the following conditions: it must
not be misleadingmust compare goods, services or digital content meeting the same needs or intended
for the same purposemust objectively compare one or more material, verifiable and representative
features of such good, service or digital content, including pricemust not create confusion on the
market between advertisers and competitors or between brands or service marks, trade names, other
distinguishing marks, goods, services or digital content of the advertiser and competitorsmay not
discredit or denigrate the trademarks, trade names, other distinguishing marks, services, activities or
circumstances of a competitorin the case of goods with designation of origin, it must relate in each
case to products with the same designationit must not take unfair advantage of the reputation of the
trademark, trade name or other distinguishing marks of a competitor or of the designation of origin of
competing goodsmay not present goods, services or digital content as imitations or replicas of goods,
services or digital content bearing a protected trademark or trade name.
Comparative advertising that does not comply with the prescribed conditions is inadmissible, for which
appropriate sanctions are foreseen. Sanctions are provided not only by the Consumer Protection Act,
in which the conditions for admissibility are determined, but also by other regulations. It should be
borne in mind that comparative advertising is not only intended for consumers, but can primarily affect
the interests of competitors. As a result, it affects the interests of both mentioned categories of persons.
Therefore, the sanctions provided for in the Act on the Prevention of Restriction of Competition are
also applied. The sanctions prescribed in this law are applied only in the case when a competitor refers
to impermissible comparative advertising. At the same time, it must be taken into account that the
advertisement often contains a sign that is a registered trademark of a competitor, which consequently
means the use of a trademark for which the advertiser does not have the permission of the trademark
holder. In the event that comparative advertising does not comply with the conditions specified in the
Consumer Protection Act, the use of such a trademark also constitutes a violation of the trademark,
and the owner of the trademark may assert claims under the Industrial Property Act
High-porosity conjugated polyelectrolytes synthesized via Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling in concentrated emulsions
Get PDFConjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) hydrogels uniquely combine π-conjugation, ionic functionality, and water compatibility in a single-polymer network. This work reports on the design, synthesis, and application of high-porosity CPE hydrogels obtained via the Sonogashira–Hagihara cross-coupling reaction as a polymerization chemistry in a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) template. In this way, we combine the hydrophilic and π-conjugated electronic properties of CPEs with the high porosity of polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs or PHs), enabling the development of a multifunctional polymer platform. High-porosity CPE-PHs exhibit a surface area of up to 355 m2·g–1, excellent water uptakes of up to ∼25 g·g–1, and visible-light absorption with band edges at 720 and 610 nm and band gaps of 2.35 and 2.47 eV for anionic CPE-PH–SO3̅ and cationic CPE-PH-NMe3+, respectively. These CPE-PHs are then used to remove the endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) as a model water pollutant. The CPE-PH–SO3̅ demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving overall removal efficiencies of 93% and 96% through synergistic adsorption (∼71% and ∼50%, respectively) and visible light-driven photocatalysis (∼22% and ∼46%, respectively) during 8 and 24 h experiments. These efficiencies are among the highest reported for organic photocatalyst. In contrast, the cationic analogue CPE-PH-NMe3+ suffers from oxidative degradation and thus limited activity. Stability studies confirmed that CPE-PH–SO3̅ retains its structural and electronic integrity during prolonged operation. These results demonstrate the potential of high-porosity CPE-PH hydrogels as a multifunctional polymer platform that synergistically integrates adsorption and heterogeneous photocatalysis for robust and efficient water applications
Večjezična komunikacija in sodno tolmačenje v Sloveniji
Get PDFThis book focuses on court interpreting, an interesting and upgrowing area of research in translation studies as a relatively young interdisciplinary science. Court intepreting is compulsory in asylum proceedings, police interrogations, court hearings, and healthcare when foreign citizens are involved who do not speak or understand Slovenian as the official language. This increased interest stems from the fact that recently many countries which previously had limited experience with foreign citizens are now facing increasing economic migration, which poses certain challenges and requires appropriate language policies and additional training for court interpreters. Court interpreters are experts and specialists in multilingual mediation who act as intermediaries between the court as a state institution and foreign citizens who are unfamiliar with legal and regulatory proceedures and do not understand or speak the language of the judiciary, which is in our case Slovenian. This interdisciplinary book seeks ways and means to improve cooperation between court interpreters and legal experts. The discussion focuses on the establishment and development of intercultural legal interpreting clinics, which enable training and education of future interpreters and lawyers, and the results of research in the light of the international TRANSLaw project.Pričujoča monografija se posveča področju sodnega tolmačenja, ki postaja zanimivo raziskovalno področje prevodoslovja kot mlade interdisciplinarne znanstvene vede, saj je neizogibno pri azilnem postopku, policijskih zaslišanjih, narokih na sodiščih in na področju zdravstvene oskrbe, ko govorimo o tujih državljanih, ki ne govorijo in razumejo slovenščine kot uradnega jezika. Ta povečan interes je gotovo posledica dejstva, da se v zadnjih letih številne države, ki prej niso imele veliko izkušenj s tujimi državljani, soočajo z vedno številčnejšo ekonomsko migracijo, ki povzroča določene izzive in zahteva ustrezno jezikovno politiko ter dodatno izobraževanje za sodne tolmače. Sodni tolmači so strokovnjaki in izvedenci za večjezično posredovanje, ki nastopajo v vlogi sodišča kot državne institucije in tujega državljana, ki ne pozna pravnih in zakonskih predpisov ter ne razume in ne govori jezika sodstva, v našem primeru slovenščine. Gre za interdisciplinarno zasnovano monografijo, ki išče poti in načine izboljšanja sodelovanja med sodnimi tolmači in pravnimi strokovnjaki. V ospredju razprave je vzpostavitev in razvoj medkulturnih pravnotolmaških klinik, ki omogočajo usposabljanje in izobraževanje bodočih tolmačev in pravnikov ter izsledki raziskav v luči mednarodnega projekta TRANSLaw
Yarns and Knitted Fabrics
Get PDFPreje in pletiva je sodobno zasnovano učno gradivo, ki študentom in strokovnjakom s področja inženirskega načrtovanja tekstilij ponuja osnove razumevanja odvisnosti med tehnologijo in strukturo končnih tekstilnih proizvodov (prej in pletiv). Zapiski predavanj sistematično obravnavajo delitev, strukturo in funkcionalne lastnosti prej in pletiv ter konvencionalne in sodobne tehnološke postopke predenja (prstansko, prstansko kompaktno, siro/solo, open-end, samovijno, ovijalno, adhezivno) ter pletenja (kulirno, snutkovno). Poseben poudarek je na vrednotenju funkcionanih lastnostih prej in pletiv, ki so ključne za načrtovanje kakovostnih tekstilnih proizvodov. Gradivo je deloma ilustrirano, pregledno strukturirano in podkrepljeno z aktualnimi viri, kar omogoča lažje razumevanje principov tehnoloških postopkov in povezav med strukturo in uporabnostjo tekstilij. Namenjeno je študentom tehničnih smeri, oblikovalcem tekstilij in oblačil, raziskovalcem in vsem, ki jih zanima razvoj inovativnih, trajnostnih in tehnično dovršenih tekstilnih proizvodov. Predstavlja nepogrešljiv vir temeljnega znanja za vse, ki želijo razumeti uveljavljene in sodobne trende v tekstilni industriji.Yarns and Knitted Fabrics is a modern teaching material that provides students and professionals in the field of textile engineering design with a basic understanding of the relationship between technology and the structure of finished textile products (yarns and knitted fabrics). The lecture notes systematically cover the classification, structure, and functional properties of yarns and knitted fabrics, as well as conventional and modern spinning (ring, ring compact, siro/solo, open-end, self-twist, wrap, adhesive) and knitting (warp, weft) processes. Special emphasis is placed on evaluating the functional properties of yarns and knitted fabrics, which are key to designing high-quality textile products. The material is partially illustrated, clearly structured, and supported by current sources, which facilitates understanding of the principles of technological processes and the connections between the structure and usability of textiles. It is intended for students of technical fields, textile and clothing designers, researchers, and anyone interested in the development of innovative, sustainable, and technically sophisticated textile products. It is an indispensable source of basic knowledge for anyone who wants to understand established and contemporary trends in the textile industry
Metastabilna stanja kompleksne koncentrirane zlitine Ag–Pd–Pt–Cu–Ni, dosežena s sintezo nanodelcev
No full textDoctoral dissertation explores the synthesis and characterization of metastable states within
a novel complex concentrated noble alloy (CCNA) composed of equi-atomic portion of silver
(Ag), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni). Completed research activities
enable the understanding of processes and reactions that were crucial in evolution of
thermodynamically metastable microstructures through production of rapidly solidified
ribbons and synthesis of nanoparticles (NP). Two techniques, namely melt spinning and
ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) had been successfully used to achieve homogeneous high
entropy microstructures and were confirmed as suitable for transformation of multiphase
inhomogeneous CCNA microstructures into high entropy ones. Achieved thermodynamically
metastable microstructures enable the achievement of potential functional properties of
selected alloy due to increased surface area and optimized active centres (Ag, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ni)
for catalytic activity.
In the dissertation explained processes and reactions that occurred in the development of the
microstructure of equi-atomic Ag-Pt-Pd-Cu-Ni CCNA during rapid solidification and ultrasonic
spray pyrolysis represent an important contribution to the field of materials science.Doktorska disertacija obravnava sintezo in karakterizacijo metastabilnih stanj v novi
kompleksni koncentrirani žlahtni zlitini z ekviatomarno vsebnostjo srebra (Ag), paladija (Pd),
platine (Pt), bakra (Cu) in niklja (Ni). Opravljene raziskovalne aktivnosti omogočajo
razumevanje procesov in reakcij, ki so bili ključni pri razvoju termodinamično metastabilnih
mikrostruktur z izdelavo hitro strjenih trakov in s sintezo nanodelcev. Dve tehniki, in sicer litje
taline na boben in ultrazvočna razpršilna piroliza (USP), sta bili uspešno uporabljeni za
doseganje homogenih visokoentropijskih mikrostruktur in sta bili potrjeni kot primerni za
transformacijo večfaznih nehomogenih CCNA mikrostruktur v visokoentropijske. Dosežene
termodinamično metastabilne mikrostrukture omogočajo doseganje funkcionalnih lastnosti
izbrane zlitine zaradi povečane površine in optimiziranih aktivnih centrov (Ag, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ni) za
katalitično aktivnost.
V disertaciji pojasnjeni procesi in reakcije, ki so se zgodili pri razvoju mikrostrukture
ekviatomskega Ag–Pt–Pd–Cu–Ni CCNA med hitrim strjevanjem in USP, predstavljajo
pomemben prispevek na področju znanosti o materialih
Effect of chemical elements Sc, Y and V on microstructure and properties of Al-Mg-Si alloy
No full textV disertaciji je obravnavan vpliv mikrolegiranja s Sc, Y in V na razvoj kompleksne mikrostrukture in izboljšanja lastnosti. Referenčno zlitino predstavlja AA 6086, ki je modificirana zlitina AA 6082 z višjimi vsebnostmi Si, Cu in Zr. Preiskovani vzorci so bili liti v bakreno koliko ter toplotno obdelani v različnih temperaturnih režimih. Karakterizacija je potekala z uporabo matematičnih modelov ter eksperimentalno s svetlobno mikroskopijo, vrstično in presevno elektronsko mikroskopijo, energijsko disperzijsko spektroskopijo, rentgensko difrakcijo, diferenčno vrstično kalorimetrijo ter meritvami mehanskih lastnosti v obliki dilatometrije, trdote in tlačnih preizkusov. Izvedena je bila napredna karakterizacija mikrostrukturnih vsebin v litem in homogeniziranem stanju, ter v umetno staranih stanjih v temperaturnem območju od 170 °C do 450 °C. Razvoj mikrostrukture in lastnosti je primerljiv za zlitine s Sc in kombinacijo Sc in Y, medtem ko dodatek V bistveno ne vpliva na spremembe v referenčni zlitini. V vseh vzorcih so potrjeni številni eksotermni procesi, ki nakazujejo na aktiven razvoj disperzoidov in izločkov. Elementa Sc in Y vplivata na kinetiko izločanja predvsem pri povišanih temperaturah, kjer se reakcija nastajanja disperzoidov v primerjavi z referenčno zlitino premakne za red velikosti 50 °C. V vzorcih so detektirani majhni poligonalni in večji igličasti disperzoidi, za vzorca s Sc in Y pa je opravljena poglobljena karakterizacija prisotnih disperzoidov. Izboljšane mehanske lastnosti referenčne zlitine so bile dosežene s toplotno obdelavo vzorcev v litem stanju, kjer so izmerjene vrednosti v povprečju 77,5 HV ter so 30 % višje kakor v toplotno obdelanih homogeniziranih vzorcih. Visokotrdnostne lastnosti so bile dosežene s klasičnim staranjem pri 180 °C, kjer je povprečna izmera trdota po 8 urah znašala 122 HV.This thesis discusses the influence of Sc, Y and V microalloying on the development of complex microstructure and mechanical properties. The reference alloy is AA 6086, which is a modified AA 6082 alloy with higher Si, Cu and Zr contents. Investigated samples were cast in a copper mold and heat treated in different temperature regimes. Characterisation was carried out using mathematical models and experimentally by light microscopy, scaning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and mechanical property measurements in the form of dilatometry, hardness and compression tests. Advanced characterisation of the microstructural components in the cast, homogenised and artificially aged condition has been carried out in the temperature range 170 °C to 450 °C. The microstructural and property evolution is comparable for alloys with Sc and Sc-Y, while the addition of V does not significantly affect on properties of reference alloy. In all samples, a number of exothermic processes are confirmed, indicating the active development of dispersoids and precipitates. The Sc and Y elements influence on kinetics of precipitation mainly at elevated temperatures, where the dispersoid formation shifts for 50 °C compared to the reference alloy. Small polygonal and larger spheroidal dispersoids are detected in the samples, and an in-depth characterisation of the dispersoids present is performed for the Sc and Y samples. Improved mechanical properties of the reference alloy were achieved by heat treatment of the cast samples, where the measured values are on average 77,5 HV and 30 % higher than in the heat-treated homogenised samples. High strength properties were achieved by classical ageing at 180 °C, where the average hardness measured after 8 hours was 122 HV
Designing the wind tunnel
Get PDFV diplomski nalogi je predstavljena izdelava nizko-hitrostnega, odprto-krožnega in cenovno dostopnega ročno izdelanega vetrovnika. Naloga zajema opis problematike in razlogov za izbiro zasnove, metodologijo načrtovanja ter celoten potek izdelave. Poseben poudarek je namenjen odstopanjem, ki so nastala zaradi ročne izdelave in omejenega nabora komponent ter njihovemu vplivu na končne lastnosti vetrovnika.
Predstavljeni so rezultati testiranj, primerjava z izračunanimi vrednostmi in analiza
doseženega izkoristka. Kljub odstopanjem od prvotnih načrtov vetrovnik dosega uporabne hitrosti pretoka zraka, hkrati pa projekt ponuja vpogled v možnosti nadaljnjih izboljšav in optimizacije.The thesis presents the construction of a low-speed, open-loop and affordable handmade wind tunnel. The task includes a description of the problem and the reasons for
choosing the design, the planning methodology and the entire production process.
Special emphasis is given to discrepancies that arose due to manual production and a
limited range of components, and their influence on the final properties of the wind
tunnel. Test results, comparison with calculated values and analysis of achieved
efficiency are presented. Despite the deviations from the original plans, the wind tunnel
achieves useful air flow speeds, and at the same time, the project offers insight into the
possibilities of further improvements and optimization
Comprehensive energy renovation of a public building in accordance with the requirements of the new PURES regulation
Get PDFEnergetska prenova stavb je ključni izziv sodobne družbe, saj naslavlja problematiko naraščajoče porabe energije, emisij toplogrednih plinov in odvisnosti od fosilnih goriv. Stavbe so pomembni porabniki energije, saj v Evropski uniji porabijo približno 40 % skupne energije in povzročijo skoraj 36 % emisij toplogrednih plinov. Namen prenove stavb je zmanjšanje energetske porabe in stroškov, izboljšanje bivalnega ugodja ter zmanjšanje okoljskega vpliva. Poseben izziv predstavljajo javne stavbe, kot so šole, vrtci in bolnišnice, kjer prenova vključuje visoke začetne stroške in kompleksno usklajevanje deležnikov.
Magistrsko delo se osredotoča na energetsko prenovo obravnavane javne stavbe v skladu z zahtevami novega Pravilnika o učinkoviti rabi energije v stavbah (PURES). Analizirani bodo ukrepi za izboljšanje toplotnega ovoja stavbe in tehničnih sistemov ter ekonomski vidiki, vključno z vračilno dobo naložb. Cilj dela je pripraviti celovit načrt energetske prenove, ki bo omogočil največje prihranke energije, zmanjšanje emisij CO₂ in izpolnjevanje zahtev PURES.The energy renovation of buildings is a key challenge for modern society, as it addresses the issues of rising energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and dependence on fossil fuels. Buildings are major energy consumers, accounting for approximately 40% of total energy use in the European Union and generating nearly 36% of greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of building renovation is to reduce energy consumption and costs, improve living comfort, and lower environmental impact. Public buildings, such as schools, kindergartens, and hospitals, pose a particular challenge, as renovation involves high initial costs and complex stakeholder coordination.
This master\u27s thesis focuses on the energy renovation of the public building under consideration in accordance with the requirements of the new Regulation on the Efficient Use of Energy in Buildings (PURES). The measures to improve the building’s thermal envelope and technical systems, as well as the economic aspects, including the payback period of investments, will be analysed. The aim of the thesis is to prepare a comprehensive energy renovation plan that will deliver maximum energy savings, reduce CO₂ emissions, and ensure compliance with PURES requirements