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Automation and robotization of production line for the assembly of three-phase smart electric meter
No full textV tem magistrskem projektu bomo pokrili postopek preoblikovanja kompleksne ročne montažne delovne postaje linije pametnih električnih merilnikov v avtomatsko montažno robotno celico. Celotna linija proizvaja trofazni električni pametni števec. Glede na potrebe stranke se proizvajajo različne vrste trofaznih števcev. Robotna celica bo sposobna sestavljati različne vrste števcev.
Robotna celica je oblikovana, ustvarjena, simulirana in preizkušena fizično in virtualno. Programska oprema, uporabljena za izvedbo tega projekta, so SOLIDWORKS, ROBTSTUDIO in TIA PORTAL/WINCC RUNTIME. Programska oprema SOLIDWORKS se uporablja za oblikovanje in modeliranje 3D-modela robotskih orodij, dozirnikov, blisterjev in pnevmatskih predalov za blisterje. Robotska orodja so fizično ustvarili s 3D-tiskalnikom, ki ga je mogoče namestiti na dejanskega robota, da preizkusi in preizkusi koncept ideje sestavljanja. ROBOTSTUDIO in TIA PORTAL se uporabljata za simulacijo in nadzorovanje robotne celice.
Trenutno je linija avtomatizirana za 42,86% s štirimi delavci, ki delajo na liniji. Po uvedbi avtomatizacije ročne delovne postaje bo avtomatiziranih 71,43% linije, pri čemer bosta na liniji delala le dva delavca.In this master thesis project, we will cover the process of transforming a complex manual assembly workstation of an electric smart meter line to an automatic assembly robot cell. The whole line is producing a three-phase electric smart meter. Based on the customer needs, different types of the three phase meters are produced. The robot cell will be able to assemble the different types of meters.
The Robot cell is designed, created, simulated, and tested physically and virtually. The softwares used to implement this project are SOLIDWORKS, ROBTSTUDIO and TIA PORTAL/WINCC RUNTIME. SOLIDWORKS software is used for designing and modeling the 3D model of the robot tools, feeders, blisters, and pneumatic drawers for the blisters. Robot tools have been created physically by a 3D printer, which can be installed on the actual robot to prove and test the concept of the idea of the assembly. ROBOTSTUDIO and TIA PORTAL are used to simulate and control the Robot cell.
Currently, the line is 42.86% automated with four workers working on the line. After implementing the automation of the manual workstation, 71.43% of the line will be automated with two workers working on the line
Topology Optimization of Rotor Lamination for Synchronous Motor with Interior Permanent Magnets
No full textRazvoj sodobnih pogonskih elektromotorjev na področju transporta predstavlja nove izzive. Potreba po doseganju visokih vrtljajev, navora in moči ob zagotovljenem dolgotrajnem obratovanju je prinesla k uporabi sinhronskih motorjev s potopljenimi trajnimi magneti. Magistrsko delo opisuje postopek topološke optimizacije rotorske lamele za omenjeni tip elektromotorjev, ki je potekal v programu CAESS ProTOp. Najbolj obremenjena območja rotorske lamele so mostički, ki morajo zadržati magnete pri vrtenju in zagotoviti mehansko stabilnost rotorja. Hkrati morajo biti dovolj tanki, da motor dosega potrebne elektromagnetne karakteristike. S topološko optimizacijo je bila pridobljena optimalna oblika mostičkov in manjša masa rotorske lamele. Rezultati topološke optimizacije so bili s pomočjo numeričnih simulacij v programu ANSYS primerjani z začetno, ročno optimizirano obliko rotorske lamele. Ugotovitve kažejo, da se s tanjšimi mostički optimalne oblike zmanjšajo napetosti in ekvivalentne plastične deformacije v kritičnih območjih. Uvedba sodobnih postopkov optimizacije v fazi razvoja lahko v prihodnosti zamenja proces ročnega iskanja optimalnih oblik in omogoči nov napredek na področju pogonskih elektromotorjev.The development of modern traction motors for electric vehicles presents new challenges in the field of transportation. The need to achieve high speeds, torque, and power while ensuring prolonged operation has led to the use of synchronous motors with interior permanent magnets. The master’s thesis describes the process of topology optimization of rotor lamination for the mentioned type of electric motors, which was conducted in the program named CAESS ProTOp. The most stress-critical areas of rotor lamination are pocket bridges, which must retain the magnets during rotation and ensure mechanical stability of the rotor. At the same time, they must be thin enough to achieve necessary electromagnetic characteristics of the motor. Through topology optimization, an optimal shape of the bridges and a reduced mass of rotor lamination were obtained. Using numerical simulations in ANSYS, results from the topology optimization process were compared with the initial manually optimized shape of rotor lamination. The findings indicate that with the optimal shape of thinner bridges, stress and equivalent plastic strain in critical areas are reduced. Introduction of modern optimization methods in development stages may replace the process of manual searching for optimal shapes and enable new advancements in the field of traction motors for electric vehicles
Influence of PA textile waste pre-treatment on its decomposition efficiency
No full textCilj magistrske naloge, je ugotoviti vpliv predobdelave poliamidnega materiala iz tekstilnega odpada na učinkovitost njegove razgradnje. Razgradnja je potekala z nevtralno hidrolizo, pri čemer smo želeli v rezultatu čim večjo prisotnost monomera ε – kaprolaktam. Uporabili smo vzorce, ki so bili obarvani v svetlih in temnih tonih ter surovi ne-obarvan odpad poliamidne preje. Obarvane vzorce smo pred razgradnjo razbarvali in nato ročno oprali z neionskim pralnim sredstvom (NPS). Surove vzorce smo oprali ročno in industrijsko, prav tako z NPS. Po končani razgradnji smo vzorec ločili na tekočo in trdno fazo ter izvedli analize s FTIR spektroskopijo in LC-MC kromatografijo, da smo videli katera vrsta predobdelave je bila najučinkovitejša pri pridobitvi čim več tekoče faze v rezultatu in čim višjega absolutnega deleža monomera. Najvišji delež monomera je bil pri vzorcu temno obarvane preje, ki smo jo dvakrat razbarvali in nato ročno oprali z NPS in pri surovem vzorcu, ročno opranem in razgrajenem na reaktorju, ki stabilno vzdržuje pogoje razgradnje.The aim of the master\u27s thesis is to determine the influence of the pretreatment of polyamide material from textile waste on the effectiveness of its decomposition. Decomposition took place by neutral hydrolysis, and we wanted the result to have as much of the ε-caprolactam monomer as possible. We used samples that were dyed in light and dark tones and raw non-dyed polyamide yarn waste. Stained samples were decolourized before degradation and then washed by hand with a non-ionic detergent (NPS). Raw samples were washed manually and industrially, also with NPS. After the decomposition was completed, the sample was separated into liquid and solid phase and analysed with FTIR spectroscopy and LC-MC chromatography to see which type of pretreatment was the most effective in obtaining as much liquid phase as possible in the result and as high an absolute proportion of monomer as possible The highest proportion of monomer was found in the sample of dark colored yarn, which was dyed twice and then hand-washed with NPS, and in the raw sample, hand-washed and degraded in a reactor that stably maintains degradation conditions
An analysis of personal travel planning and sustainable alternatives: a case study of the Netherlands
Full text linkNamen diplomskega dela je bil analizirati osebno izvedeno potovanje na Nizozemsko in oblikovati njegovo trajnostno alternativo. Cilj je bil pokazati, kako lahko posameznik z manjšimi spremembami pri načrtovanju potovanja zmanjša negativne vplive na okolje in hkrati izboljša kakovost izkušnje. V delu smo primerjali dejansko izvedeno potovanje na Nizozemsko z njegovo trajnostno alternativo. Dejansko potovanje je temeljilo na letalskem prevozu, hitrejšem tempu in mešanici verižnih ter lokalnih ponudnikov, preoblikovano pa na kombinaciji železniškega prevoza in počasnejših oblik mobilnosti z večjim vključevanjem lokalnih storitev. Rezultati primerjave kažejo, da zamenjava načina prevoza občutno zmanjša okoljski odtis. Počasnejša mobilnost na destinaciji pomeni manj intenzivne premike in več časa za doživetja, izbira manjših lokalnih nastanitev ter prehrane pa poveča delež porabe, ki ostane v lokalnem okolju, ter zmanjša količino odpadkov. Aktivnosti so bolj umeščene v lokalno skupnost, kar prispeva k bolj avtentični izkušnji, hkrati pa izbor termina zunaj glavne sezone in turistično najbolj obremenjenih mest zmanjšuje pritisk na ta območja. Skupni stroški trajnostne različice ostanejo primerljivi z izhodiščnim potovanjem, medtem ko se prihranki zaradi mobilnosti in lokalnih izbir deloma uravnotežijo z daljšim potovalnim časom. Skupno se kakovost doživetja poveča, ob zmernih kompromisih glede hitrosti in logistike. The aim of the diploma thesis was to analyse a personal trip to the Netherlands and design its sustainable alternative. The goal was to show how small changes in travel planning can reduce environmental impacts and improve the overall experience. The thesis compares the actual trip, based on air travel, a faster pace, and mixed providers, with a redesigned version relying on rail transport, slower mobility, and greater use of local services. The results show that switching the mode of transport significantly lowers the environmental footprint. Slower mobility allows more time for experiences, while choosing smaller, locally owned accommodation and food services increases the share of spending retained in the local economy and reduces waste. Activities are more integrated into the local community, enhancing authenticity. Travelling outside the main season and avoiding the most visited cities reduces pressure on these areas. The total costs of the sustainable version remain comparable to the original, as savings from mobility and local choices partly offset longer travel time. Overall, the quality of the experience increases despite moderate trade-offs in speed and logistics
Analysis of the inventory management process in a wholesale company following the implementation of a digital tool for automated order quantity calculation
Full text linkNamen magistrskega dela je analizirati učinke uvedbe lastno razvitega digitalnega orodja za avtomatiziran izračun naročilnih količin na proces upravljanja zalog v grosističnem podjetju. Delo se ob interpretaciji razvoja in logike delovanja orodja osredotoča na presojo vpliva digitalizacije na učinkovitost, centralizacijo in standardizacijo postopkov naročanja ter na preverjanje skladnosti rezultatov avtomatiziranega modela z uveljavljenimi teoretičnimi pristopi, kot je model ekonomične količine naročila (ang. Economic Order Quantity, v nadaljevanju: EOQ). Rezultati raziskave potrjujejo, da je uvedba digitalnega orodja v srednje velikem distribucijskem podjetju prinesla merljive koristi – zmanjšanje ročnega dela, višjo razpoložljivost izdelkov in večjo standardizacijo procesa naročanja. Magistrsko delo tako empirično dokazuje, da lahko uvedba razmeroma preprostih digitalnih rešitev pomembno vpliva na učinkovitost, preglednost in zanesljivost oskrbovalne verige ter predstavlja trdno osnovo za nadaljnjo digitalno integracijo in razvoj naprednih podatkovno podprtih modelov v logistiki.The purpose of this master’s thesis is to analyse the effects of introducing a self-developed digital tool for the automated calculation of order quantities on the inventory management process in a wholesale company. In addition to interpreting the development and operational logic of the tool, the thesis focuses on assessing the impact of digitalisation on the efficiency, centralisation, and standardisation of ordering procedures, as well as on verifying the consistency of the automated model’s results with established theoretical approaches, such as the Economic Order Quantity (hereafter: EOQ) model. The research findings confirm that the implementation of the digital tool in a medium-sized distribution company brought measurable benefits – a reduction in manual work, improved product availability, and greater standardisation of the ordering process. The thesis thus provides empirical evidence that the introduction of relatively simple digital solutions can significantly enhance the efficiency, transparency, and reliability of the supply chain, and it offers a solid basis for further digital integration and the development of advanced data-driven models in logistics
The impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy on survival and quality of life in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Full text linkUvod: Nedrobnocelični rak pljuč (NDRP) predstavlja približno 85 % pljučnih rakov,
prognoza napredovale bolezni pa ostaja slaba. Namen zaključnega dela je bil raziskati,
kako zdravljenje z zaviralci imunskih nadzornih točk (ZINT) v primerjavi z zdravljenjem s
kemoterapijo v prvi liniji zdravljenja vpliva na preživetje pacientov z napredovalim NDRP
in njihovo kakovost življenja.
Metode: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela ter izvedli sistematični pregled
strokovne in znanstvene literature v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL Ultimate (EBSCOhost),
Cochrane Library in PubMed ter dodatno v referencah v pregledanih člankih. Kritično
oceno raziskav smo izvedli z orodjem CASP, splošno oceno kakovosti pa MERGE, sintezo
pa z opisno metodo.
Rezultati: V končno analizi smo vključili 14 raziskav, 9 sistematičnih pregledov z
metaanalizo in 5 randomiziranih kliničnih raziskav faze III. Rezultati kažejo, da
zdravljenje z ZINT v prvi liniji zdravljenja pomembno podaljša celokupno preživetje in
preživetje brez napredovanja bolezni v primerjavi s kemoterapijo. Večina raziskav poroča
tudi o boljši ali vsaj ohranjeni kakovosti življenja pri pacientih, zdravljenih z ZINT.
Razprava in zaključek: ZINT v primerjavi s kemoterapijo pomembno izboljšajo preživetje
in kakovost življenja pacientov z napredovalim NDRP. Potrebne so nadaljnje raziskave
dolgoročnih učinkov in obvladovanja imunsko pogojenih neželenih učinkov.Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all
lung cancers, and the prognosis of advanced disease remains poor. The aim of this thesis
was to investigate how treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), compared to
chemotherapy as first-line therapy, affects the survival and quality of life of patients with
advanced NSCLC.
Methods: We used a descriptive research method and conducted a systematic review of
professional and scientific literature in the databases CINAHL Ultimate (EBSCOhost),
Cochrane Library, and PubMed, as well as additional references found in the reviewed
articles. The critical appraisal of the studies was carried out with the CASP tool, the
overall quality assessment with MERGE, and the synthesis was descriptive.
Results: The final analysis included 14 studies, comprising nine systematic reviews with
meta-analyses and five phase III randomized controlled trials. First-line treatment with
ICIs significantly prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival compared to
chemotherapy. Most studies reported improved or at least maintained quality of life in
patients treated with ICIs.
Discussion and conclusion: Compared to chemotherapy, ICIs significantly improve
survival and quality of life in patients with advanced NSCLC. Further research is needed
to evaluate long-term effects and to optimize the management of immune-related
adverse events
Material flow analysis and life cycle assessment of cobalt in Slovenia
Full text linkKobalt se nahaja na evropskem seznamu kritičnih surovin in je pomemben material pri
razvoju modernih tehnologij ter zelenih industrij. Slovenija nima rudnikov kobalta in
obratov za rafiniranje, zato je visoko odvisna od uvoza. Namen magistrske naloge je
podati opis stanja, o tokovih kobalta v Slovenji, v obdobju petih let (od leta 2020, do
vključno leta 2024) in podati oceno okoljskih vplivov tipičnega izdelka iz kobalta (trajnega
Samarij Kobalt magneta). Podatke o tokovih smo zbirali v podatkovni bazi Comtrade, za
analizo življenjskega cikla (angl. Life Cycle Assessmentv nadaljevanju: LCA) pa smo
uporabili orodje Open LCA, s podatkovno bazo Ecoinvent 3.8. V rezultatih smo na grafih,
modelih in tabelah prikazali trenutno stanje tokov kobalta v Sloveniji in podali oceno
okoljskih vplivov. Rezultati so pokazali, da je Slovenija izrazito uvozno odvisna, pri čemer
se večina uvoženega materiala kopiči v zalogah ali ostane v domači rabi. Kažejo se jasne
priložnosti za vzpostavitev domačih reciklažnih in predelovalnih zmogljivosti, zlasti zaradi
naraščajočega uvoza odpadkov in upada njihovega izvoza. Analiza življenjskega cikla
dodatno potrjuje koristi takšnega prehoda, saj recikliranje Samarij Kobalt magnetov, v
vseh opazovanih vplivnih kategorijah, pomembno zmanjša vplive in tako podpira
strateški premik h krožnemu gospodarstvu ter zmanjšanju odvisnosti od primarnih
surovin.Cobalt is on the European list of critical raw materials and is an important material in
the development of modern technologies and green industries. Slovenia has no cobalt
mines or refining plants, so it is highly dependent on imports. The purpose of this
master\u27s thesis is to describe the situation regarding cobalt flows in Slovenia over a five year period (from 2020 to 2024) and to assess the environmental impact of a typical
cobalt product (a permanent samarium cobalt magnet). We collected data on flows in
the Comtrade database, and for the life cycle assessment (hereafter: LCA) we used the
Open LCA tool with the Ecoinvent 3.8 database. In the results, we presented the current
state of cobalt flows in Slovenia in graphs, models, and tables and provided an
assessment of environmental impacts. The results showed that Slovenia is highly
dependent on imports, with most of the imported material accumulating in stocks or
remaining in domestic use. There are clear opportunities for establishing domestic
recycling and processing capacities, particularly due to the increasing import of waste
and the decline in its export. Life cycle assessment further confirms the benefits of such
a transition, as recycling samarium cobalt magnets significantly reduces impacts in all
observed impact categories, thus supporting the strategic shift towards a circular
economy and reducing dependence on primary raw materials
Implementing the WMS system in the company Tajfun Planina
Full text linkMagistrska naloga obravnava uvedbo sistema za upravljanje skladišč (angl. Warehouse Management Systemv nadaljevanju WMS) v podjetju Tajfun Planina z namenom izboljšanja sledljivosti materialov, natančnosti zalog in učinkovitosti skladiščnih ter proizvodnih procesov. Podjetje se sooča z izzivi, kot so pomanjkljiva digitalna sledljivost, neustrezno označevanje materiala, ročne inventure in omejena integracija z integriranim poslovnim sistemom podjetja (angl. System Applications, and Products in Data Pricessingv nadaljevanju: SAP), ki vključuje integrirano planiranje virov v proizvodnji (angl. Enterprise Resource Planningv nadaljevanju: ERP), kar vodi do napak, podvajanja naročil in višjih stroškov. Izbrana rešitev je sistem SAP WMS, ki omogoča natančno evidentiranje mikrolokacij, avtomatizacijo skladiščnih operacij ter popolno integracijo s sistemom ERP, kar izboljša preglednost, zmanjša napake in poveča učinkovitost poslovanja. Implementacija vključuje prilagoditev skladiščne strukture, usposabljanje zaposlenih in stalno optimizacijo. Analiza prednosti, slabosti, priložnosti in tveganj (angl. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threatsv nadaljevanju: SWOT) razkriva prednosti, kot sta povečana produktivnost in transparentnost, ter tveganja, kot so začetni stroški in potreba po prilagoditvi zaposlenih. Magistrsko delo poudarja, da je uvedba sistema WMS strateški korak digitalne transformacije, ki podjetju omogoča dolgoročne prihranke, večjo konkurenčnost in trajnostno poslovanje.This master’s thesis addresses the implementation of a warehouse management system (hereafter: WMS) in the company Tajfun Planina, with the aim of improving material traceability, inventory accuracy, and the efficiency of warehouse and production processes. The company faces challenges such as insufficient digital traceability, inadequate material labeling, manual inventories, and limited integration with the enterprise´s integrated business system, Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing (hereafter: SAP), which includes Enterprise Resource Planning (hereafter: ERP) system, leading to errors, duplicate orders, and increased costs. The chosen solution is SAP WMS system, which enables precise recording of microlocations, automation of warehouse operations, and full integration with the ERP system, improving visibility, reducing errors, and increasing operational efficiency. The implementation involves adapting the warehouse structure, employee training, and continuous optimization. An analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (hereafter: SWOT) reveals strengths such as increased productivity and transparency, as well as risks including initial costs and the need for employee adaptation. The master’s thesis emphasizes that the introduction of WMS system is a strategic step in digital transformation, enabling the company to achieve long-term savings, greater competitiveness, and sustainable business practices
Legitimacy and relations in Slovene prisons
No full textStudies have shown that incarceration presents a greater intervention in women’s lives compared
to men. This chapter focuses on the comparison of perceived legitimacy and relations between
female and male prisoners in Slovene prisons. Results of statistical analyses based on a national
sample of prisoners (252 male prisoners and 20 female prisoners) highlighted the differences
between female and male prisoners’ feelings of obligation to obey the prison staff and
internalisation of subcultural norms, while no statistically significant differences were identified
with other tested factors: legitimacy, trust in authority, procedural justice, distributive justice,
effectiveness of the prison staff, cooperation with the prison staff, relations with the prison staff,
and relations with prisoners. It seems that female prisoners are more willing to obey prison
workers and are less inclined towards prison subculture. Findings indicate that the quality of
treatment of prisoners is invariant in all Slovenian prisons. The implications of these findings are
discussed
Building integrated photovoltaic system
Full text linkCilj diplomskega dela je izvedba tehnično-ekonomske analize investicije v stavbo integrirani fotonapetostni sistemi ob avtocestnem koridorju. Na podlagi izbranih tehničnih parametrov sta bili obravnavani dve možnosti integracije v stavbo integriranih fotonapetostnih sistemov v infrastrukturo protihrupnih ograj ob avtocesti. Protihrupne ograje se izkazujejo kot primerna lokacija za namestitev fotonapetostnih sistemov, saj njihova umestitev ne vpliva bistveno na prostor, obenem pa omogoča učinkovito izrabo obstoječe prometne infrastrukture za proizvodnjo električne energije iz obnovljivih virov. Ekonomska upravičenost posameznih postavitev je bila analizirana glede na različne scenarije gibanja odkupne cene električne energije. Obravnavana sta bila dva koncepta: postavitev v stavbo integriranega fotonapetostnega sistema na brežino ob avtocesti ter na obstoječe protihrupne ograje. Na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov je bila ocenjena tehnična izvedljivost in dolgoročna ekonomska donosnost posameznega scenarija, ob upoštevanju nihanja odkupne cene električne energije.The aim of this thesis is to conduct a techno-economic analysis of an investment in building-integrated photovoltaic systems along a motorway corridor. Based on selected technical parameters, two options for integrating building-integrated photovoltaic systems into the infrastructure of motorway noise barriers were examined. Noise barriers have proven to be a suitable location for the installation of photovoltaic systems, as their placement has minimal spatial impact while allowing efficient use of existing transport infrastructure to produce electricity from renewable sources. The economic viability of each proposed installation was analyzed under different scenarios of electricity purchase price trends. Two concepts were considered: the installation of a building-integrated photovoltaic system on the motorway embankment and the integration of photovoltaic modules into existing noise barriers. Based on the results, the technical feasibility and long-term economic return of each scenario were evaluated, taking into account the fluctuations in electricity purchase prices