Sapporo Gakuin University (SGU): Repository / 札幌学院大学学術機関リポジトリ
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On Utilization of Knowledge in Problem Solving for University students: Focused on the Inappropriate Problem Solving
Get PDF大学生の問題解決場面において不適切な結果が生じた際の知識活用の様相および問題点を明らかにし，学習者の思考の傾向を探ることが本研究の主な目的である。研究１は大学生111名を対象に対面での授業後，課題に解答してもらった。その結果，学習者の行動の①課題理解の不適切性，②知識選択の不適切性，③知識活用の不適切性がそれぞれ問題解決に否定的な影響を及ぼしていることが見出された。また学習者が事例に基づく推論によって問題解決を行っている可能性も指摘された。研究２では講義上の諸要因を改定して，大学生48名を対象にオンライン授業の後，同様の課題への解答を求めた結果，改定が一定の効果を持つことが分かった。しかし，上記①～③における問題点が同様に観察されるとともに，事例に基づく推論を行っている可能性が高まった。更に，学習者の問題解決方略がトップダウン処理に大きく依存し，ボトムアップ処理が弱い可能性が示唆された。The main purpose of this study was to clarify the aspects and problems of knowledge utilization when inappropriate results occur in problem-solving situations of university students, and to explore the tendency of learners’ thinking. In Study 1, 111 university students were asked to answer the tasks after a face-to-face lecture. As a result, it was found that (1) inadequate understanding of tasks, (2) inadequate selection of knowledge, (3) inadequate use of knowledge, had negative effects on learners’ problem solving. It was also pointed out that there was the possibility that learners’ problem solving depended on case-based reasoning. In Study 2, some factors including the case dealt in the lecture were revised, and 48 university students were asked to answer the tasks after an online lecture. As a result, it was found that the revision had a certain effect. The problems in (1) to (3) were, however, observed in the same way as Study 1, and the possibility of the case-based reasoning seemed to be increased. Furthermore, it was suggested that the learner’s problem-solving strategy relied heavily on top-down processing, and that bottom-up processing may comparatively be weak.Bulletin論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
On the Special Topic “Study and Employment Support for College Students with Developmental Disabilities”
Get PDFWe conducted the research project to provide assistance in studying to the students with developmental disabilities, utilizing the special budget solely secured by President of our university in 2019. The purpose of this project is (1) to accumulate the know-how with regard to how to most efficiently assist the students with developmental disabilities with their study by visiting other colleges and universities that include their cooperative organizations in this research field located both inside and outside of Hokkaido and (2) to provide the opportunities to set up the discussions as to how we should provide the future assistance to them most efficiently. We as the FD/SD research group plan to present the outcome of our visit to the colleges and universities mentioned above in 2020 and plan to present the research result of this project.Bulletin特集「発達障害のある大学生への修学・就職支援」departmental bulletin pape
How Do We Draw Perceptual Information on the Surface?: On Embedding Event-Invariants
Get PDF絵は通常，環境内のある平面に描かれる。私たちはその模様のついた面を見て，そこに描かれているもの・ことを知覚する。さらには，絵を視知覚するにもかかわらず，絵にはないはずの動きや音などの視覚以外のことも知覚することがあるのではないだろうか。本論文では，平面を見て，そこに描かれているもの・ことの知覚に影響する既存の知覚表現(視覚的な表現，動きの表現，音の表現)を概観する。平面に描かれているもの・ことを知覚者が知覚できるようにするには，物理的に忠実なコピーが描かれる必要はない。絵の知覚においては，J. J. ギブソンによる生態学的アプローチの不変項の概念が有効であること，絵における事象の不変項の埋め込みの重要性を指摘する。Bulletin研究ノートResearch Notedepartmental bulletin pape
Software Framework Design for Fast Enumeration of Optimal Solutions to Combinatorial Optimization Problems
Get PDF解法が確立していない問題を解くためのソフトウェア開発では，プログラムの仕様の変更が頻繁に起こることがある．本論文は，頻繁な仕様変更に対応しながら正しくて効率的なプログラムを開発するためのフレームワークを提案する．本研究の特徴は，プログラムの部品を書き換えルールで表現し，仕様から正しい書き換えルールを生成・集積してプログラムを構成することである．このことによってプログラムの効率と正しさの両立が可能になる．フレームワークの適用例としてコンテナ・プリマーシャリング問題の最適解を高速列挙するプログラムの開発プロセスを扱う．Frequent revision of program specifications can occur in software development to solve problems of which well-established solutions have yet to be found. This paper proposes a framework for software development to efficiently enumerate optimal solutions to combinatorial optimization problems; the framework copes with the frequent specification changes. A peculiarity of this study is that we represent each program component as a correct rewriting rule, which is generated from a specification and accumulates in a program. The peculiarity enables us to manage both efficiency and correctness of a program. This paper demonstrates a software development process to efficiently enumerate optimal solutions to a container pre-marshalling problem as an application example of the ramework.Bulletin情報科学Information Sciences論文departmental bulletin pape
Noboru Jahanaʼs Struggle for Minchiminboku at Somayama Timber Forests (1)
Get PDF謝花昇は沖縄の近代社会運動の先駆者である。明治期の沖縄では，いわゆる「琉球処分」によって琉球王国が廃止されて行き場を失った貧窮士族の救済を目的として，「杣山」の開墾事業が開始される。沖縄県庁の高等官・技師謝花昇は，沖縄県知事奈良原繁のもとで「杣山」開墾の事務取扱主任としてこの事業を推進する立場に立っていた。しかし，謝花と奈良原との間に潜在的にあった齟齬と対立が次第に顕在化する。謝花がこの開墾事業を純粋に農民と貧窮士族の救済のために遂行しようとし，期限付き無償貸与と「杣山」の森林環境に対する配慮という条件下で推進したが，時の権力者奈良原の側はそうではなかったからである。奈良原はこの開墾事業を土地整理事業の前段階と見なし，土地整理が終了した後は開墾地を払い下げて私有化することを目論んでいた。両者の対立は，やがて土地整理事業の推進過程で，奈良原側が「官地民木」を謳い文句にして農民たちを欺瞞し，彼らの反対と抵抗を押し切って，「杣山」を官有林に組み入れる政策を行うに及んで，決定的になる。これに対して謝花が主張したのが「民地民木」論である。そのために謝花は県庁を退職してこれと闘うことになる。謝花のこの「民地民木」論は敗北した。しかし，農民たちが自前で保護・管理・育成し，彼らの生活の糧でもあった「杣山」は農民たちによって共同所有されるべきだという彼の「民地民木」論は，現在のわが国の森林政策の行き詰まりと国有林の危機，これによる森林環境の国土保全力の低下，そして森林を地球的規模の公共財と考えるさいに，多くの手掛かりと暗示とを提供してくれるように思われる。本論文では，この「民地民木」をめぐる謝花昇の闘いの軌跡を追求するとともに，現在の環境論または環境思想から見た場合の彼の「民地民木」の意義を考察することにしたい。Noboru Jahana pioneered a modern social movement in Okinawa. In Okinawa in the Meiji era (1868-1912), somayama forests (mountain forests co-managed by villages or the like for producing timber) began to be cultivated as part of relief measures for povertystricken samurai families who could no longer receive salaries after the Ryūkyū Kingdom was abolished in the Ryūkyū Disposition. Noboru Jahana, an engineer and high-ranking official of the Okinawa prefectural government, promoted a somayama cultivation project as chief acting director working under Shigeru Narahara, the governor of Okinawa. In the course of a subsequent project for dividing land into government-owned land and private land, the latent conflict between Jahana and Narahara gradually became apparent. Narahara and those siding with him deceived farmers under the slogan of Kanchiminboku, an idea for mixed-ownership forests, whereby forestland would be owned by the state, while farmers would have the right to use the stumpage on the land. The rift between Jahana and Narahara became clear when Narahara overrode resistance from farmers and implemented policies for incorporating somayama forests into government-owned land. In protest against Narahara, Jahana advocated Minchiminboku, an assertion that somayama and its stumpage should be jointly owned by farmers because they had been collaborating in growing, protecting and using timber. Jahanaʼs idea of Minchiminboku eventually failed. But Jahana insisted that somayama forests, which were grown, managed and protected by farmers, also should provide farmers with a way to make a living and thus that these forests should be jointly owned by farmers. When we think of the current forest policy gridlock and the critical situation of national forests, Jahanaʼs Minchiminboku seems to offer many ideas for solutions to various problems. His idea undoubtedly has major implications for how people nowadays, who regard forests as global-level public goods, see their environment. This paper traces the history of Jahanaʼs struggle for Minchiminboku and considers the significance of Minchiminboku from the viewpoint of contemporary environmental theory and environmental thought.Bulletin論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape