Sapporo Gakuin University (SGU): Repository / 札幌学院大学学術機関リポジトリ
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Report on the results of the SQD (Screening Questionnaire for Disaster Mental Health) conducted on the general population ─ Assessment of areas with relatively little damage from the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake ─
Get PDFSQDは，災害後のPTSDやうつ病などの症状を評価するための質問紙である。しかし，被災地自治体の保健衛生部門では，SQDを個人の評価だけでなく，地域のメンタルヘルスの評価にも活用する必要性がある。その際には比較対象のために一般住民を対象にしたSQDの基礎的資料が必要となる。本稿では，平時における一般住民を対象としたSQDの測定結果を報告する。方法としては，北海道のある自治体の地域健診でSQDを実施した。調査協力者数は189名(女性123名，男性64名，不明2名)であり，平均年齢は，女性が67.8歳，男性が68.1歳だった。結果は，女性の2.4％，男性の3.1％がPTSDのカットオフ基準を超えていた。同じくうつ病のカットオフ基準を超えたのは，女性の7.3％，男性の1.6％であった。これらの結果は，災害後の住民集団の精神衛生を比較評価する際に参考になると思われる。The Screening Questionnaire for Disaster Mental Health (SQD) is a questionnaire for assessing individuals with post-disaster symptoms such as PTSD and depression. However, public health and welfare offices in disaster-affected areas need to use the SQD not only for assessing individuals, but also for assessing the mental health of the community. In this paper, we report the results of measuring SQD in the general population. As a method, SQD was conducted at a community health checkup of a municipality in Hokkaido. The number of volunteers was 189 (123 women, 64 men, and 2 unknown)．The average age was 67.8 years for women and 68.1 years for men. 2.4％ of the women and 3.1％ of the men exceeded the cutoff for PTSD. Depression was also present in 7.3％ of women and 1.6％ of men. These results may be helpful in assessing the mental health of the community after a disaster.Bulletin論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
Approach to curriculum management from learning content ─ Learning to go back and forth between Japanese language, social studies, and comprehensive study ─
Get PDFカリキュラム・マネジメントの具体的な方法としては，教科横断的な学習指導の設定，カリキュラムの評価と改善，教育活動を展開する上で地域との連携を目指した社会に開かれたカリキュラムの，３つが示されている。この具体的な展開例として，戦後のコア・カリキュラムの理論をベースに，学習内容を中心としてカリキュラム化された実践を行った。学習内容を中心として各教科を往還するようなカリキュラムをもとにした実践によって，教科横断・評価と改善・地域に開かれたカリキュラムの３つが有機的に関わり合いながら，カリキュラムの到達目標に繋がる学びを展開することができた。Bulletin研究ノートResearch Notedepartmental bulletin pape
Spreading knowledge of behavioral principles using KBPAC and its time-course changes
Get PDF幸田他(1982)は，KBPAC(Knowledge of Behavioral Principles as Applied to Children ; O'Dell, S. et al.,1979)を邦訳し，親，教師170名を対象に，日本における行動理論的知識の特徴を調査した。本研究では，その後1982年から1997年の15年間，KBPACを用いて，日本の臨床心理学関係者349名に対して，経年変化を踏まえた行動理論的知識に対する理解度，並びに普及が必要な行動理論的知識を調査した。その結果，合計得点，各項目の正答率・誤答率に経年変化は認められなかったため，349名全体の傾向を分析したところ，幸田他(1982)に比べて，合計得点の中央値は4点増加，正答率の高い項目数が2倍に増加，同じ誤答を選択した項目数が25％減少していた。成績が向上した理由として，臨床心理学関係者という対象者の違いが考えられた。その臨床心理学関係者においても，同じ誤答や低正答率が認められた21項目のうち，項目反応理論2PLMモデルの結果から，特に12項目の難易度が高いことがわかった。12項目の内容は，問題行動は学習によるもの，行動生起の原因を重視したり発達段階が進めば問題行動が無くなるという誤認，具体的なスモールステップや強化スケジュールの設定方法と言語の多用，正の強化のみの有効性，罰の与え方，記録方法であり，今後これらの正確な行動理論的知識の普及が必要であることが示された。さらに行動療法，認知行動療法が発展した現在においても経年変化が生じていないか，検討が待たれる。Kouda et al.(1982) translated the Knowledge of Behavioral Principles as Applied to Children (KBPAC ; O'Dell, S. et al.,1979) into Japanese and examined the characteristics of knowledge of behavioral principles in Japan with 170 parents and teachers. The present study investigated the time-course changes in understanding in 349 Japanese participants involved in clinical psychology from 1982 to 1997 and discussed knowledge of behavioral principles that should be increased. The results did not indicate time-course changes in total scores or correct or incorrect answer rates for each item. Therefore, we analyzed the tendency of all participants (N=349), which indicated an increase in the total median scores by 4 points, an increase in the frequency of high correct answer rates by 2, and a 25% decrease in selecting the exact wrong answer, compared to Kouda et al.(1982). The participants in this study were people involved with clinical psychology, which might have improved the scores. Twelve items among the 21 items with the exact wrong answer or a low correct answer rate were considered especially difficult even for these participants based on the results of the Two-Parameter Logistic Model (2PLM) of Item Response Theory. The 12 items' content was as follows : problem behaviors are caused by learning, problem behaviors disappear as the developmental stage advances or when focusing on the causes of behavior, methods of developing small concrete steps and reinforcement schedules, as well as frequent use of language, the efficacy of only positive reinforcement, punishment methods, and recording methods. It was indicated that spreading accurate knowledge of behavioral principles is essential. It is suggested that current time-course changes when behavioral therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy are well developed should be examined in the future.Bulletin論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
A Field Survey of the University of Tokyo: DO-IT Japan Project and Ultra Short-Term Employment of Persons with Developmental Disabilities
Get PDF東京大学先端科学技術研究センター人間発達工学分野の近藤武夫准教授の研究室を訪問し，聞き取り調査を行った．センターと共同で主催しているDO-IT Japan（ドゥーイットジャパン）の最新情報についてお聞きした．また，発達障害等の診断を受けていない大学生への就職支援においては，障害者雇用促進法上の障害者枠ではなく一般枠での競争となるため，事業所側にメリットがなく採用されるのは厳しい．そうした法定雇用率の対象にならない者の就労機会を拡げるため，川崎市などでは，週5-10時間程度の「超短時間雇用」という新たな働き方の実践をしており，自治体レベルで制度化されていることなどの最新情報を得た．これらから，札幌市や江別市などの自治体でも，超短時間雇用人材バンクの設立を将来的に視野に入れて，発達障害のある学生への就職支援のあり方を検討する必要があるのではないかと考えられた．We visited the laboratory of Associate Professor Takeo Kondo of the Department of Human Development and Engineering in the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology at The University of Tokyo and conducted an interview. Specifically, we asked about the latest information on “DO IT Japan,” which is jointly sponsored by the Center. Further, employment support for university students who have not been diagnosed with developmental disorders does not fall under the disabled persons quota as per the Act for Promotion of Employment of Persons with Disabilities, and thus such students should seek employment by competing against other general students, and is no advantage to employ undiagnosed students from the employers’ standpoint; thus, it can be difficult for such students to find employment. To expand employment opportunities for those who are not subject to such statutory employment rates, Kawasaki City and private companies have implemented a new work system called “ultra-short-term employment,” which offers work for about 5-10 hours per week. We obtained the latest information on its implementation at the local government level. The findings indicate there may be a need to examine how employment support should be provided to students with developmental disabilities with a view to the future establishment of an ultra-short-term employment human resources bank by local governments including Sapporo City and Ebetsu City.Bulletin特集「発達障害のある大学生への修学・就職支援」調査報告departmental bulletin pape
A Field Survey of The Kwansei Gakuin University:Cooperation with Other Organizations in Employment Assistance
Get PDF就職支援における外部機関との連携は，大学が有する専門性や人的資源の制約，卒業後の長期的視野に立った支援の必要性という観点から，支援体制の構築には重要な要素である．本報告では，就職支援における外部機関との連携について，先駆的な実践を積み重ねている関西学院大学の訪問調査結果をふまえ，大学と外部機関との連携の意義について検討した．その結果，大学における就職支援は修学から社会・職業への移行というひとつの連続する過程に位置付いている必要があり，そこに外部機関と連携する意義があることが示唆された．We find it an important element to cooperate with other colleges and universities that include their cooperative organizations in order to establish the advanced and innovative system in point of view of the necessity of the knowledge in Intelligence Technology (IT), which is indispensable for almost all the jobs the students with developmental disabilities could have after their graduation because the knowledge and human resources in IT our university currently possesses are obviously limited. In this report, we examined the significance of the cooperation with other colleges and universities while emphasizing the outcome of our visit to Kwansei Gakuin University that has been accumulating the trial results in assistance in employment to the students with developmental disabilities as a pioneer in this research field. As a result, we find it necessary to define that the assistance in employment to the students with developmental disabilities is the process of ordeal in which each of them becomes a worker in the society from a student on our university campus and it certainly suggests the significance in future cooperative researches with other colleges and universities is most important and meaningful.Bulletin特集「発達障害のある大学生への修学・就職支援」調査報告departmental bulletin pape
