Sapporo Gakuin University (SGU): Repository / 札幌学院大学学術機関リポジトリ
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Reasonable Accommodation and Physical Assistance to Collage Students with Disabilities
Get PDF身体介助を必要とする障害のある学生にとって，介助は教育を受けるうえで不可欠の要素である．本稿では，大学内での介助と合理的配慮をめぐる全国の動向を概観するとともに，この過程で新設された「重度訪問介護利用者の大学修学支援事業」に対する本学の対応と課題について検討した．そして，障害のある学生の「教育を受ける権利」が，身体介助の制約によって侵害されてはならないことを指摘した．
Physical assistance is one of the essential elements for collage students with disabilities in order for them to receive collage education without difficulties. In this report, we as a university thoroughly reviewed the national trend with regard to reasonable accommodation and physical assistance provided to students with disabilities on collage and university campuses throughout Japan and examined as to how to utilize the newly-established system for the above-mentioned matter and how to deal with the issues that arise in the new system. In conclusion, we pointed out that “the right to receive collage education” guaranteed to collage students with disabilities should never be infringed in any ways.Bulletin特集「コロナ禍における多様なニーズのある学生に対する修学就職支援」調査報告departmental bulletin pape
The Human Activity in the Oketo Obsidian Sources Area: A Research on the Paleolithic Artifacts Collected from Nakazato, Oketo town, Tokoro county, Hokkaido
Get PDF本論では，置戸町中里採集の旧石器時代資料を対象とした石器製作技術の検討と黒耀石原産地推定分析の結果を報告するとともに，置戸黒耀石原産地の既存の黒耀石原産地推定分析結果を含めて検討した。その上で，黒耀石原産地の地形的特徴や黒耀石資源の分布に注目し，当該原産地の人類活動の成り立ちについて考察した。
その結果，①当該原産地の高標高部では所山産黒耀石のみが使用されているのに対し，低標高部では所山産を主体に他産地の黒耀石がみとめられることがわかった。さらに，②当該原産地の石器製作は，高標高部の黒耀石産出地における原石（角礫）の獲得・搬出および製作途上品の搬出と，黒耀石産出地から離れた低標高部におけるそれらの搬入・完成品への仕上げと原産地外への搬出という，異なる役割を担う遺跡が連関することで成り立っていたことが明らかになった。
こうした結果に基づき，低標高部にみとめられる他産地産黒耀石に注目することで，原産地の地形的特徴を考慮し展開された自原産地内の石器づくりの連鎖とは別に，低標高部の遺跡が自原産地と原産地外とを取り結ぶ結節点として機能していたことを明らかにした。In this article, we examine the production techniques applied to the Paleolithic stone tools collected from Oketo Nakazato and report the results of obsidian provenance analysis. We also review the existing results of obsidian provenance analyses performed on materials from the Oketo obsidian source area and discuss how human activities developed in the area based on topographic features and the distributional patterns of obsidian.
We discovered that the stone tools left at high elevations of the Oketo obsidian source area are made of obsidian explicitly from the Tokoro mountain. On the other hand, in lower-elevation zone, obsidian from other source areas including but not limited to the Tokoro mountain is made into tools. We also elucidated that the manufacturing process of tools involved sites with different roles: those located at high elevations that handled the procurement and transportation of raw materials as well as half-processed tools, and those in lower-elevation zone where the half-processed tools were finished and exported outside the Oketo obsidian source area.
The findings show that these sites in different elevation locations not just functioned as a base of tool production but also as a hub that connected their own obsidian sources with ones in other regions.Bulletin論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
What directs people toward ethical consumption? Analysis from a Japan-UK perspective
Get PDF本研究では，日本と英国のエシカル消費に関する認知・行動・購買意思決定要因の分析を行った。その結果，日本の回答者は，現代的課題の中で「淡水資源の枯渇」「人権」「動物福祉/権利」問題に関し，英国の回答者より不安度が低く，また，課題解決の手段としては「オンライン上の署名活動」が低かった。さらに，エシカル消費の推進には，日本においては，エシカル製品がどのように子どもたちの教育の機会を保障することに繋がるのかについて，製造者が効果検証を行い消費者に周知していくことが必要である一方，英国においては，企業の倫理的活動の信頼性に関し第三者機関の認証により証明するとともに，フェアトレードが生産者にどの程度恩恵をもたらしているのかを定期的に報告していく必要性が示唆された。In this study, we analyzed the cognitive, behavioral, and purchasing decision-making factors related to ethical consumption in both Japan and the UK from a comparative perspective. Japanese respondents scored significantly lower than UK respondents on modern issues like “depletion of freshwater resources,” “human rights,” “animal welfare/rights” and “signing an online petition” to solve problems. Furthermore, this study showed that in Japan, manufacturers need to verify the effectiveness of ethical products in ensuring educational opportunities for children, whereas in the UK, it is necessary for companies to secure third-party certification of the authenticity of their ethical activities and to regularly report the benefits of fair trade for producers.Bulletin論文Articlesdepartmental bulletin pape
Factors that support societal crowdfunding : Analysis from a Japan-Swiss perspective
Get PDFSince the 2008 global financial crisis, the importance of social finance measures, such as crowdfunding, has been recognized worldwide. To identify the mechanism that supports crowdfunding, this study determined: (a) consumer consciousness and actual crowdfunding usage, (b) awareness and the image of crowdfunding, and (c) factors supporting crowdfunding, by comparing Japanese and Swiss university students as potential major users to understand their tendencies. The results indicated that the Swiss respondents were more aware of (Japan 68.1%, Switzerland 87.1%), more willing to use (Japan 38.7%, Switzerland 51.0%), and more likely to use (Japan 3.2%, Switzerland 17.2%) crowdfunding than Japanese respondents. Japanese respondents considered crowdfunding less accessible. More respondents from both countries selected societal causes over individual causes to support crowdfunding, and social-oriented individuals tended to support child education, medical welfare, disaster recovery, and earthquake and typhoon recovery regardless of the country. This study is the first to clarify the consumer character willing to engage in societal crowdfunding on current global issues. It highlights mechanism of factors that support crowdfunding, which may prove useful for the government authorities as well as companies in designing marketing strategies on approaching consumers and promoting societal consumer behaviors.BulletinArticledepartmental bulletin pape
Could Heidegger Criticize Traditional Ontology Truly? (1)
Get PDF20世紀最大の哲学書と評されるハイデガーの『存在と時間』は1927年にその前半が公刊されたものの，その後半はついに最終的に仕上げられることなく，未完のままに放置された。この後半部分では西洋哲学の伝統的な存在論の批判と「解体」の作業が展開されるはずであった。この後半部分にかんするハイデガーの直接の草稿は残っていないが，その後のいくつかの講義や著作のなかでこの後半部分の仕上げが試みられており，これらからそのおおよその内容を推察することができる。本論文では，ハイデガーの講義と著作からこの後半部分の内容を推察しながら，伝統的な存在論とハイデガーの存在論とを対比させ，ハイデガーが真に伝統的な存在論の「解体」という革新的な課題をはたすことができたのかどうかを論じたい。伝統的な存在論はいわば主観を捨象した客体的な存在論であるのに対し，ハイデガーの存在論は「世界内存在」および「現実存在」としての人間存在の分析から「存在」の意味を主観的な時間に見出そうとして客体を捨象するいわば主体的な存在論である。そもそも主体的存在論によって客体的存在論を「解体」するという作業自体，これらの存在論のレヴェルの差異を踏まえない，無謀な試みであったのではないか。私見によれば，ハイデガーによる伝統的存在論の「解体」の試みもまた，『存在と時間』が未完のままに終わったことと深く関わりまたこれと並行して，未完のままに終わらざるをえなかったように思われる。“Being and Time” by Martin Heidegger has been described as the greatest philosophy book of the 20th century. The first half of the book was published in 1927, but the second half remained unfinished. This unfinished half was supposed to focus on criticism and the ‘destruction’ of traditional ontology in Western philosophy. No draft of the second half created by Heidegger exists. But he did try to complete that part in his lectures and writings, from which the content can be approximately inferred. In this paper, I infer the content of that unfinished second half based on Heidegger's lectures and writings, with the aim of comparing traditional ontology with Heidegger's ontology as well as discussing whether he would have been able to truly accomplish the revolutionary task of ‘destroying’ traditional ontology. Traditional ontology might be described as objective ontology where the subjective view is eliminated. In contrast, Heidegger's ontology, in a way, is a subjective ontology where an objective view is deleted in an attempt to discover the meaning of existence in subjective time based on an analysis of human existence as ‘being in the world’ and ‘Dasein’ （being there）. Heidegger sought to achieve the ‘’ of objective ontology by means of subjective ontology. Was this not a reckless attempt by Heidegger, who did not account for differences in levels between objective ontology and subjective ontology? From the author's perspective, Heidegger's attempt to ‘destroy’ traditional ontology was destined to be unsuccessful, being deeply linked to and parallel with “Being and Time” having been left unfinished.Bulletin論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
A Comparative Study on De-radicalization between China and Foreign Countries from Perspective of Counter-Extremism ― Wang Xin
Get PDFテロ活動の思想的根源は過激主義思想である。西洋の諸国では「過激化除去」を掲げて、過激主義思想に惑わされた人びとを救おうとした。それぞれ違いはあるものの、「過激化は個人の思想が変化する過程である」という点においては、西洋の学術界では見解が一致している。『新疆ウイグル自治区過激化除去条例』（ここにいう「過激化除去」とは中国語の「極端化」であり、以下では「過激化除去」と訳す：訳者）では、過激は一種の「言論と行動」であると定義づけられており、国外の過激化の定義とは明確に区別されている。にもかかわらず、国内の多くの研究では、その二者に内包している区別を無視した。中国と外国の過激化、過激化除去という概念に内包されている共通点と相違点を整理して比較することにより、この二つの用語に中国の国内外を問わず混同があり、異なった理解が見られることや、さらに中国では同一用語が異なった多くの分野で混用がなされ、このような混用は過激化除去の工作の目的とその本質に対するわれわれの認識を妨げていることがわかる。したがって、過激主義に反対する観点の下において、この二つの用語に内包されていることがらについて、それらが過激主義とどのように関係しているかを明らかにする必要がある。過激主義に反対する観点の下でみてこそ、「過激化」という概念の中外の共通点と、相違点をよりよく説明することができる。また、「過激化」はある宗教の特有な現象ではなく、互いに対立する過激主義思想は相手側の群衆の過激化を刺激する、ということが明確になった。そのため、犯罪者の改造、宗教管理、社会思想の予防の工作における「過激化」の概念を区別しなければならない。そして、社会予防の性質を帯びた過激化除去の概念を、より普遍性のある過激主義反対にまで高めねばならない。The root cause of terrorism activities is extremism. De-radicalization is a concept that created by western countries, which aim is to help rehabilitate those who are cheated by extremism ideology. Although there are difference between different countries, researcher reached a consensus that radicalization is a process. However, radicalization is defined as some kinds of speech and behaviors in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region De-radicalization Ordinance. It is very different with the definition of other countries, and most of the researchers of China ignored the difference. This paper reviews and compares radicalization and de-radicalization between China and other countries. The result show that there are many disputes and ambiguities on the two tern in not only China but also other countries. In addition, in China the two terms are used in many different senior confusedly. Thus, the confusion hinder us to make clear the purpose and the nature of de-radicalization efforts.
Therefore, it is necessary to review the two concepts from a perspective of count extremism, find the relation between the two terms and counter extremism. extremism, find the relation between the two term and counter extremism. From the respective of counter extremism, we can make a better explanation about the difference and consistent of the two concept between China and foreign countries. From the perspective we also may clarify two fact, first, radicalization is not a phenomenon specific to some particular religion; second, rival extremist ideology will stimulate radicalization in the other party. Base on the faces and conclusion, we propose that the radicalization concepts should be distinguished in rehabilitation, religion management, and the prevention of terrorism in society. We also propose that the radicalization concept refer to the prevention of terrorism in society should be replaced by a universal concept: counter terrorism.Bulletin翻訳Translationdepartmental bulletin pape