e-Journal of Hamzanwadi University
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Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pulai (Alstonia scholaris) dengan Metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH)
No full textPulai leaves (Alstonia scholaris) are known to contain various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, so the choice of extraction method is a factor that affects the quality and quantity of bioactive compounds produced. This study aims to compare the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of pulai leaves obtained through two different extraction methods, namely maceration and reflux. This study is a laboratory experimental study using 96% ethanol solvent in both extraction methods. The flavonoid content was determined quantitatively using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with quercetin as the standard. The antioxidant activity test was performed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method based on the IC50 value. The results showed that the extract obtained using the reflux method had a higher flavonoid content of 17.11±0.03 mgQE/g and an IC50 value of 7.84±0.02 ppm, while the maceration method produced a flavonoid content of 8.42±0.02 mgQE/g and an IC50 value of 12.53±0.17 ppm. As a positive control, vitamin C had an IC50 value of 5.26±0.08 ppm. Based on these results, the extraction of pulai leaves (Alstonia scholaris) using the reflux method proved to be more effective in extracting flavonoid compounds and had higher antioxidant activity compared to the maceration method
Improving Motor Skills through Athletics: A Case Study of High School Students in Sumedang
No full textThe problem in this study is that the integration of athletics into the physical education curriculum in Indonesia, especially in areas such as Sumedang Regency, is often hampered by limited facilities and infrastructure. This has the potential to hinder the effective development of basic motor skills in high school students, which are the foundation for physical literacy and an active lifestyle. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a structured athletics training program on improving the motor skills of high school students in Sumedang Regency. The research method used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest model. A total of 60 students (30 males, 30 females) aged 15-17 years from three high schools participated. Motor skills were assessed through a 30-meter sprint, standing long jump, and 2 kg medicine ball throw tests. Participants undergo an athletic training program for 6 weeks (3 sessions/week). The data were analyzed using a Paired Samples t-test. The results showed a very significant improvement (p < 0.001) in all three skill components. The average sprint time decreased from 5.87 to 5.41 seconds, the jump distance increased from 1.85 to 2.05 meters, and the throw distance increased from 4.12 to 4.56 meters. The effect size for all results was classified as large. The conclusion is that a structured athletic training program has been proven effective in improving the motor skills of high school students, even under limited facility conditions.Atletik, yang mencakup nomor lari, lompat, dan lempar, merupakan dasar dari pendidikan jasmani serta memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan keterampilan motorik siswa. Di Indonesia, khususnya di Kabupaten Sumedang, integrasi atletik ke dalam kurikulum sekolah sering menghadapi tantangan berupa keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana, yang dapat memengaruhi efektivitas program pengembangan keterampilan motorik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh latihan atletik terstruktur terhadap keterampilan motorik siswa sekolah menengah atas di Kabupaten Sumedang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimen dengan model pretest–posttest satu kelompok, yang melibatkan 60 siswa (30 putra dan 30 putri) berusia 15–17 tahun dari tiga SMA. Keterampilan motorik diukur menggunakan tes standar, yaitu lari sprint 30 meter untuk mengukur kecepatan, lompat jauh tanpa awalan untuk mengukur kekuatan tungkai, serta lempar bola obat untuk mengukur koordinasi dan kekuatan tubuh bagian atas. Selama enam minggu, siswa mengikuti program latihan atletik sebanyak tiga kali per minggu. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t sampel berpasangan untuk membandingkan hasil pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan (p < 0,05) pada semua komponen keterampilan motorik. Performa lari sprint meningkat dengan penurunan rata-rata waktu dari 6,21 detik menjadi 5,84 detik, hasil lompat jauh meningkat dari rata-rata 176,3 cm menjadi 189,4 cm, dan lempar bola obat meningkat dari 5,12 m menjadi 5,89 m. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa latihan berbasis atletik efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan motorik dasar pada remaja. Kesimpulannya, atletik merupakan pendekatan yang praktis dan mudah diakses untuk mengembangkan keterampilan motorik siswa sekolah menengah, bahkan di daerah dengan keterbatasan fasilitas. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar program pendidikan jasmani di Indonesia, khususnya di wilayah pedesaan, secara sistematis mengintegrasikan atletik guna mendorong literasi fisik dan keterlibatan aktif dalam aktivitas jasmani sepanjang hayat
Explanation of the Importance of Trainer Instructions in Training Programs
No full textBackground Coaches play a crucial role in guiding athletes to reach their full potential through effective communication and instruction. The quality and clarity of coach instruction significantly impact athletes' understanding of the training program, their motivation, and overall performance outcomes. Objectives This study aimed to explore the importance of coach instruction in training programs and examine how instructional strategies contribute to athletes' achievement of training goals. This study also identified key factors influencing the effectiveness of coach instruction, including the ability to convey information clearly, provide individualized guidance, and enhance athlete motivation. Methods This study used a quantitative descriptive design by collecting and analyzing descriptive data. A total of 146 athletes participated in this study. Data were obtained using a questionnaire distributed through Google Forms. A quantitative descriptive method was used to identify factors influencing the effectiveness of coach instruction and to describe patterns and trends in the collected data. Results The findings showed that 62.5% of athletes agreed and 31.3% strongly agreed that the coach successfully delivered the training program, while 6.3% disagreed and none strongly disagreed. Similarly, regarding the coach's delivery of instructions, 62.5% agreed, 31.3% strongly agreed, 6.3% disagreed, and 0% strongly disagreed. However, when the coach gave very strict instructions, 37.5% agreed, 12.5% strongly agreed, 43.8% disagreed, and 6.3% strongly disagreed, indicating mixed perceptions of an overly rigid coaching style. Research shows that clear and supportive coaching instructions have a positive impact on athlete performance and motivation. However, overly strict coaching instructions can reduce athlete effectiveness and satisfaction. Coaches must balance firmness and encouragement to optimize training outcomes
Penerapan Prototyping dalam Perancangan Sistem Informasi Surat Masuk dan Surat Keluar (Studi Kasus Digitalisasi Administrasi)
Full text linkThe rapid growth of information technology encourages educational institutions to improve administrative efficiency, particularly in managing incoming and outgoing letters as part of formal communication. Manual procedures that rely on agenda books and physical document storage often result in delayed dispositions, difficulty retrieving documents, and a higher risk of misplaced or lost records. This study aims to design a web-based correspondence information system as a more structured, accessible, and efficient solution to these issues. A qualitative descriptive approach was applied, using observation, interviews, and literature review, followed by system requirements analysis aligned with operational needs. The design process employed a prototyping method and was documented using UML-based modeling to represent both structure and workflow. The results of this study produce a system design that supports digital recording, electronic archiving, online disposition, and automated notifications. The primary contribution of this research is the development of a relevant and applicable system model that aligns with modern administrative digitalization, offering potential improvements in workflow efficiency, information distribution speed, data accuracy, and secure traceability of administrative records
Pengembangan Website Company Profile Menggunakan Codeigniter Untuk Mendukung Branding Perusahaan
Full text linkA company profile website is a digital medium used by companies to effectively convey information about their profiles, services, and portfolios to the public. In the era of digital transformation, the existence of a website is crucial because it can increase a company's visibility, credibility, and competitiveness. This study aims to design and develop a CodeIgniter 3-based company profile website that adapts to user needs and facilitates content management. Needs analysis was conducted through observation and interviews, while the system design utilizes UML and a responsive interface design that supports various devices. The implementation used PHP with the CodeIgniter 3 framework and a MySQL database. The results show that the website is capable of displaying profile information, services, portfolios, blogs, and contacts, as well as providing a simple CMS for independent content updates. In conclusion, this website can enhance professionalism, strengthen branding, and simplify the management of company information. Further developments could include social media integration, SEO optimization, multi-language support, and visitor analytics features. Additional security features and performance enhancements could also be considered to ensure the system's sustainable quality and reliability in the future
Pengaruh Permainan Gobak Sodor dan Bola Beracun Terhadap Minat Siswa dalam Pembelajaran PJOK di SMPN 3 Kalibening
No full textThis study was motivated by the low interest of students in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning due to monotonous teaching methods. This study aims to analyze the effect of traditional games of gobak sodor and poison ball on increasing students' interest in learning PJOK. The research used a quantitative approach with a non-equivalent group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of two eighth-grade classes at SMPN 3 Kalibening who were given treatment through both games. Data were collected using a four-point Likert scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test because some of the data were not normally distributed. The results showed a significant increase in student interest (Z = -5.352; p = 0.000), with an average score increase from 82.35 to 89.72. The Mann-Whitney U Test results showed no significant difference between the effects of the two games (p = 0.537). The discussion relates the findings to Self-Determination Theory, in which traditional games fulfill the psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and social connectedness, thereby increasing intrinsic motivation and interest in learning. The conclusion of the study confirms that the implementation of traditional games is effective in increasing student interest in PJOK, with the note that inclusive adaptation to student characteristics is necessary to maximize its impact.Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh permainan tradisional Gobak Sodor dan Bola Beracun terhadap minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PJOK. Latar belakang penelitian berawal dari rendahnya minat siswa akibat metode pengajaran yang monoton. Dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan desain kuasi-eksperimen non-equivalent group pretest–posttest, penelitian melibatkan dua kelas VIII sebagai kelompok perlakuan. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket skala Likert empat tingkat yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Uji normalitas menggunakan Shapiro-Wilk menunjukkan sebagian data tidak normal, sehingga analisis dilanjutkan dengan uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Hasilnya menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan minat belajar siswa (Z = -5,352; p = 0,000; p < 0,05), dengan rata-rata skor meningkat dari 82,35 menjadi 89,72. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa penerapan permainan tradisional efektif meningkatkan minat belajar dan dapat dijadikan strategi pembelajaran PJOK yang menyenangkan serta bermakna
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Diferensiasi Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Passing Sepak Bola Siswa Kelas Xii Sman 1 Teluk Jambe Barat
No full textThe main problem of this study is the low passing skills of students at SMAN 1 Telukjambe Barat due to conventional learning that is uniform in nature. The study aims to examine the effect of differentiated learning on improving passing skills. The method used is a quasi-experiment with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design involving 70 twelfth-grade students divided into an experimental group (differentiated learning) and a control group (conventional learning). Data were collected through a passing test adapted from Nurcahyo (2014), which had been tested for validity (Aiken's V=0.87) and reliability (ICC=0.89). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in post-test scores between the experimental and control groups (t=3.082; p=0.003). The effectiveness of learning was measured using N-Gain, which showed a moderate category (34.93%) in the experimental group and a low category (9.62%) in the control group. The discussion revealed that this success was supported by the fulfillment of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy, connectedness) and the application of pedagogical scaffolding in accordance with Vygotsky and Deci & Ryan's theories. The conclusion of the study proves that differentiated learning effectively improves soccer passing skills significantly. The practical implication is that physical education teachers are recommended to apply a differentiated approach through initial diagnosis, tiered activities, and specific feedback to accommodate student diversity.This study aimed to examine the effect of differentiated learning on improving soccer passing skills among 12th-grade students at SMAN 1 Telukjambe Barat. The research employed an experimental method using a nonequivalent control group design involving 70 students divided into experimental and control groups. The instrument used was a validated soccer passing skill test adapted from Eko Valentin Nurcahyo (2014). Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests and analyzed using normality, homogeneity, paired sample t-tests, and independent sample t-tests. The results showed a significant improvement in the experimental group after applying differentiated learning (t = -41.413; Sig. = 0.000) and a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (t = 3.162; Sig. = 0.002). These findings indicate that differentiated learning effectively enhances students’ soccer passing skills. Therefore, it can be recommended as an alternative learning strategy in physical education to develop technical skills in high school students
Dinamika Spasial-Temporal Polusi Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2) dan Faktor Penentunya di Regional Jawa
Full text linkPeningkatan konsentrasi gas nitrogen dioksida (NO2) mencerminkan pesatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi dan industrialisasi di regional Jawa. Namun demikian, kondisi ini perlu dikendalikan agar tidak menimbulkan dampak negatif yang berlebihan terhadap biaya kesehatan masyarakat maupun upaya pemulihan kualitas lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi variasi spasial-temporal pengaruh rata-rata lama sekolah, PDRB per kapita, pengeluaran per kapita, serta persentase green jobs terhadap tingkat polusi NO2 pada 119 kabupaten/kota di regional Jawa dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR). Data yang digunakan adalah data panel selama periode 2018-2023 yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik dan citra satelit Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya heterogenitas spasial antardaerah dalam menjelaskan perkembangan tingkat polusi NO2. Konsentrasi tertinggi polusi NO2 terjadi di daerah dengan tingkat industrialisasi yang tinggi seperti di sekitar kawasan metropolitan Jabodetabek, Gerbangkertosusila, Kota Bandung dan Kota Semarang. Terbentuk beberapa klaster daerah yang signifikan secara statistik pada tiap variabel yang menggambarkan bahwa tingkat polusi NO2 tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik sosial ekonomi, tetapi juga oleh keterkaitan spasial antardaerah. Temuan penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya perumusan strategi kebijakan yang berfokus pada peningkatan kapasitas SDM melalui pendidikan, penerapan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berbasis keberlanjutan, serta peningkatan implementasi ekonomi hijau
Multimedia-Supported Genre-Based Instruction in EFL Reading: A Systematic Review
No full textThe increasing prominence of multimodal texts in digital learning environments has intensified the need for EFL reading instruction that integrates linguistic, visual, and interactive meaning-making. While the Genre-Based Approach (GBA) is well established for scaffolding genre awareness and literacy development, and multimedia is widely recognized for enhancing engagement and comprehension, research examining their integration remains fragmented. Addressing this gap, this study reports a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 35 empirical studies published between 2018 and 2025, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The review investigates (1) the pedagogical affordances and limitations of integrating interactive multimedia within GBA for EFL reading instruction and (2) the global implications of these insights for EFL pedagogy in digitally mediated contexts. The synthesis reveals that multimedia-supported GBA affords enhanced learner engagement and motivation, strengthened genre awareness through scaffolded instructional stages, improved reading comprehension via multimodal reinforcement, increased cultural relevance through localized materials, and support for higher-order cognitive processing. However, recurring limitations were also identified, including insufficient teacher preparedness, unequal access to digital resources, superficial use of multimedia as supplementary add-ons rather than pedagogically embedded scaffolds, and a lack of longitudinal evidence on sustained literacy development. Synthesizing evidence across diverse educational contexts, this review highlights the global relevance of multimedia-supported GBA while emphasizing the conditions necessary for its practical and equitable implementation
To What Extent Can Problem-Based Learning Drive Students’ Critical Writing Skills?
No full textThis study investigates the extent to which Problem-Based Learning (PBL) can enhance students’ critical writing skills in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. Eleven undergraduate students participated in the study and produced a critical writing assignment that served as the primary data source. Using a descriptive qualitative design, the analysis focused on examining how students formulated research problems, constructed thesis statements, and developed arguments, counter-arguments, evidence, and interpretations within their essays. Manual coding was applied to identify recurring patterns of critical thinking indicators, followed by content analysis to interpret the depth and coherence of students’ written responses. The findings reveal that PBL provides a meaningful scaffold for strengthening higher-order thinking and guiding students to move beyond descriptive writing. Most students demonstrated improvement in identifying issues, articulating them as topic sentences, and developing logically connected discussions supported by reasoning and data. Although variations in writing quality were evident, the overall results indicate that PBL fosters critical engagement, enhances argumentative organisation, and supports learners’ development of analytical perspectives in writing. These findings suggest that PBL is a promising pedagogical approach for cultivating students’ critical writing competence and call for further research on integrating PBL-based critical thinking instruction in EFL writing classrooms