Agricultural machinery and technologies (E-Journal) / Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии
Not a member yet
446 research outputs found
Sort by
Расчетноэкспериментальная оценка технических характеристик шин грузовых автомобилей
Get PDFNow improvement of technological design specification of trucks tires develops very much. In modern mechanical engineering polyamide and kapron cords for tires of line-haul trucks and buses are replaced with all-metal ones (AMC) even more often. It was defined that at increase in AMC tires production their technical characteristics were investigated insufficiently. In this regard there were carried out bench tests to compare the main operational indicators of domestic (JSC Nizhnekamskshina production) and foreign tires with an all-metal cord: 315/60R22.5 the NF-201 model with 315/60r22.5 the XZA2 ENERGY Michelin model (steering); 315/60R22.5 the NR-201 model with 315/60R22.5 the XDA2+ ENERGY Michelin model (drive); 315/80R22.5 the NF-201 model with 315/80R22.5 the 3D Michelin XZE X MultiWay model (steering); 315/80R22.5 the NR-201 model with 315/80R22.5 the 3D XDE X MultiWay model (drive). The laboratory researches were carried out for the purpose of an assessment of the universal, load, damping (hysteresis) and other characteristics of tires with use of the universal functional SIB-1M test-bench. It was established that Michelin AMC tires of steering low-profile 315/60R22.5 XZA2 ENERGY models have the best indicators on power heterogeneity - 0.47-0.89 percent. The high-profile AMC tires of drive wheels 315/80R22.5 of the NR-201 model of JSC Nizhnekamskshina have the worst indicators. However, all the tested tires correspond to GOST 5513-97on this indicator. It was noted that Nizhnekamsk AMC tires of the size 315/60R22.5 are flush with AMC tires Michelin on set of operational indicators, except power heterogeneity, and last one of Michelin tires is lower than Nizhnekamsk ones by 2-3 times. It was suggested to conduct further researches on definition of optimum operational tires indicators because of an intensive use of KAMAZ trucks in agricultural productio
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ СУШКИ КЛУБНЕЙ ТОПИНАМБУРА при РАЗЛИЧНЫх СПОСОБАх ЭНЕРГОПОДВОДА
Get PDFTopinambur is a valuable vegetable, fodder and medical crop. A medical preparation inulin is contained in it and reach about 80 percent of the dry matter content. Drying is considered as the most effective method of preservation of tubers. Influence of convective, infrared and microwave topinambur tubers drying ways on the content of the total and reducing sugars, and also energy consumption of these methods is investigated. Convective drying of tubers was carried out on laboratory machine at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. The FD-230 facility (Japan) was used for infrared drying of tubers. Drying under the influence of microwave radiation was carried out in the microwave machine VT-1650 with a power of 140 W at heating by not higher than 60 degrees. It is established that high specific energy consumption, worked out 1.6-2.5 kilowatt-hour per kilogram, big heat losses belong to shortcomings of a convective drying. During infrared drying moisture removal is possibly at a low temperature (40-60 degrees Celsius) that enables to keep natural color, taste and aroma, and also vitamins, biologically active agents at the level of 80-90 percent from initial raw materials. This technology renders possible to use practically for 100 percent the delivered energy and to get high efficiency. At a microwave drying method the warming up occurs in all volume of a product. Rather low efficiency (60 percent) of transformation of energy of electric current to energy of the microwave field became limitation of this method. In this regard use of the microwave equipment is effectually at humidity lower than 50 percent
Research of basic parameters of spreading device and power to flax stems moving
No full textSpreading of the flax stems in the swath is one of the most important technological operations with significant effects on the quality and quantity of the obtained products (fiber). Currently applied in serial flax pullers spreading out shield of passive type, in which the stems line is moving freely (under its own weight) has a number of drawbacks. A significant reduction in the quality of the swaths take a place at a wind speed of 5 m/s. Angle change of device to the horizon is only possible in a very narrow range. If the angle is more than this limit, so the technological process is troubled. Construction of spreading devices and stems spreading methods were analyzed. It was established that spreading device of active (forced) type was preferred on flax harvesters and balers. They forcibly move flax stems on all length of a stream to the spreading zone, exclude their distortion in a line and the building-up and insure reliability and quality of technological process performance of swath spreading. Using of active type spreading out devices has been insufficient studied as theoretical and experimental goal. However, the spreading devices of active type are underexplored. Researches and developmental works on development of the constructive and technological scheme of the spreading device and also mathematical model of the movement of stems on a table of the spreading device were carried out to receive qualitative retted straw (fibers). Constructive and technological parameters were proved. A new design of the active spreading device was developed. It was introduced on serial the flax harvesters. A method of calculation of rational parameters was offered. Necessary power for movement of flaxstems was determined
Анализ энергоэффективности внутрихозяйственного биотопливного цеха (на примере производства моторного топлива из маслосемян рапса)
Get PDFЭффективность газомоторного топлива для сельхозтехники
Get PDFExpediency and efficiency of use of natural gas motor fuel (GMF) for mobile agricultural machinery is defined on the basis of alternative calculations of commercial effectiveness of use of the compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG) and the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in large agricultural enterprise «Kazminskoye» in the Stavropol Territory where costs of fuel for machines and tractors make 222.5 million rubles a year. Need of field gas refueling of tractors and combines as a specifics fuel utilization by mobile agricultural machinery was considered at calculations. For an assessment of a type of GMF and influence of cost of a refueling complex on commercial effectiveness the authors have carried out comparative calculations of technical and economic efficiency of utilization of CNG, LNG and LPG, taking into account and without a refueling complex. High efficiency of GMF utilization was showed: fuel costs decrease by 1.7 times, the payback period of capital investments equals to 0.4-4.2 years. The best results were obtained when utilization LPG. Total costs of re-equipment and a refueling complex in option with LPG are 3.5 times as less as with CNG, and 6 times as less as with LNG. The payback period of capital investments for re-equipment without refueling complex equals to 0.4; 0.8 and 2.4 years respectively for LPG, CNG and LNG. Taking into account refueling means it increases to 0.9; 2.4 and 4.2 years. In 10 years the net present value taking into account refueling means equals to 276.7 million; 289.9 million and 206.8 million rubles for LPG, CNG and LNG respectively due to fleet re-equipment
RESOURCE-SAVING AGRICULTURE ON THE BASIS OF DOMESTIC MACHINERY
No full textTo increase efficiency of plant industry, it is necessary to introduce essentially new domestic power both resource saving competitive technologies and complexes of machines. Energy saving anticipates essential decrease in expenses of power and fuel consumption on carrying out field operations, sharp reduction of terms of field works thanks to use of the wide-level combined block and modular machines. Power and resource saving is achieved with three types of technologies: classical, mini-till and no-till. Now in the majority of Russian regions most often they use the minimum technology of soil cultivating and sowing. The authors have worked out the unique way of antidroughty moisture storage ecological soil cultivating and an optimum complex of soil-cultivating machinery for realization of this technology. Its introduction in production will reduce farm labour input and energy for soil cultivating, will keep its fertility and an ecological state of environment, will reduce expenses by grain production to 50%. They have worked out the various block and modular machinery aggregated with tractors of all traction classes, all stages of technology, for various zone conditions. This machinery is produced by plants in the Republic of Tatarstan, in the Yaroslavl, Chelyabinsk and Ivanovo regions. Economic efficiency of technology is expressed in decrease of specific amount of metal per structure, power and fuel consumption. Thus the cultivator cost pays back twice in a year, productivity increases significantly, specific metal and energy consumption decrease. The technology with a machines complex is introduced in 56 regions of Russia
Комбинированный почвообрабатывающий агрегат для основной и предпосевной обработки почвы
Get PDFOne of modern methods of soil cultivation at reclamation of neglected field is layer-by-layer loosening of the top horizon by various working tools. Combined units have no removable tools. They are used not effectively both for primary cultivation and secondary tillage, and for reclamation of neglected field. This situation limits a scope of machines and reduces their annual loading. A combined unit for operations overlapping at presowing tillage have two-disk sections of frontal harrows, replaceable loosening working tools of subsurface plow and chisel type and replaceable tubular and toothed rollers. The authors developed agrotechnical requirements of design data of replaceable suspensions of disk sections, duckfoot sweeps and rollers. A placement of working tools on a universal frame provides an opportunity to have15 options of the unit for various agrotechnical and soil climatic conditions. A level of innovative development soil-cultivating the disk and duckfoot units is high, tools rather reliable and universal. Such machines operate different options of the primary and secondary soil cultivation for one pass, replace 4 one-operational machines. The mulch tillage by disk and duckfoot units replaces 2-4 passes of machine-tractor aggregates, saves 2-5 kg/ha of diesel fuel and 0.3 man-hours /ha of labor costs, productivity of winter and spring grain crops increases by 0.3 t/ha
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНИКА ДЛЯ КАРТОФЕЛЕВОДСТВА
Get PDFMuch attention at an exhibition was paid to potato planters and self-propelled and hook-on potato harvesters, working elements for soil lumps and stones separating, haulm extracting. Propulsion systems of combines increasing their flotation ability were shown also. Heavy-load trailers for potatoes transportation with devices for decrease in damage of tubers were presented among the other models. Lines for postharvest tubers processing with automatic control of potatoes giving increasing quality of work, provides decrease in expenses, were shown at the exhibition. There were the field plots with flat surface were organized for machines shown. Operation of harvest equipment was shown in sequence: harvesters - field vehicle - line of postharvest processing - transportation to the consumers in heavy-load vehicles.Большое внимание на выставке было уделено картофелесажалкам и самоходным и прицепным картофелеуборочным комбайнам, рабочим органам для отделения почвенных комков и камней, удаления ботвы. Показаны также ходовые системы комбайнов, повышающие их проходимость. Среди представленных моделей отмечены большегрузные прицепы для транспортировки убранного картофеля с устройствами для снижения повреждения клубней. На выставке продемонстрированы также линии для послеуборочной доработки клубней с автоматическим регулированием подачи картофеля, что повышает качество работы, обеспечивает снижение затрат труда. Для полевого показа техники были организованы отдельные участки поля с ровной обработанной поверхностью. Работу уборочной техники демонстрировали в последовательности: комбайны - полевое транспортное средство - линия послеуборочной доработки - отправка потребителю в большегрузных транспортных средствах
Катушечновильчатый высаживающий аппарат для ориентированной посадки лукасевка
Get PDFSeed onion planting is fundamental operation at realization of technological process of onions cultivation. The main lack of bulb planters is a group picking of bulbs from overall mass by planting devices, but not single-piece wherefore planting of bulbs in demanded orientation is problematic. It was noted that when developing of bulb planters for planting of bulbous cultures it is necessary to provide optimum balance between productivity and quality indicators of planting: uniformity of distribution along a row and quantity of the bulbs with a stem below. It was established that the roller feeds are most perspective. There were defined their main shortcomings: seeds damage and lack of bulbs stem below orientation. Thus, uniformity of distribution makes about 40 percent. A special device with the orienting funnels was suggested. A forked-roller feed for the oriented seed onion planting for the oriented planting of seed onion carrying out single-piece picking of bulbs from the bunker and their giving in seed tube at below stem orientation for planting in a furrow was worked out. Researches confirmed that the suggested design provides stable performance of technological process of bulbs planting