Agricultural machinery and technologies (E-Journal) / Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии
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ОСЦИЛЛИРУЮЩИЙ РЕЖИМ СУШКИ клубней топинамбура
Get PDFSpecifics of a chemical composition of tubers and green material of a topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus), high efficiency and ecological plasticity, profitability of growing, biotechnological potential of use enable to identify a topinambur as a of high-energy cultures of the future. High moisture of various topinambur parts, features of the mechanism of a heat and mass transfer set a problem of search of the new drying methods promoting to increase dehydration efficiency and produce a quality product. A method of calculation of duration of the oscillating mode of topinambur tubers drying in a dense layer is worked out. The topinambur tubers cut on cubes with the side of 6 mm were taken as object of researches. Researches were conducted in the setting of various drying modes: two experiences at the oscillating mode with height of a material layer of 0.07 m and 0.17 m; and also as a check experiment was material drying at a constant temperature of the drying agent. Duration of the oscillating mode of topinambur tubers drying was calculated on their basis of received curves of changes of moisture content at various modes of drying. Estimate indicators were confirmed with experimental data. Results of determination of duration of the oscillating modes of topinambur tubers drying proved that efficiency of the oscillating modes is 18 percent higher, than at control experiment
ВЛИЯНИЕ ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ДОЛОТА НА ТЯГОВЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ И РЕСУРС ЛЕМЕХОВ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ПЛУГОВ
Get PDFA ploughshare is the most laden and fast-worn out detail of the arable unit. The authors developed and carried out operational tests of a new ploughshare with retracting face-mounted chisel. This tool meets all main European requirements for quality of soil tillage. A front surface of a ploughshare body has an evolvent form. As result, an angle of cutting edge decreases continuously in the direction from field to a slot part. Body and chisel edges are built up by a hard-facing alloy. A zone of a ploughshare nose part intended for deepening of the plow case has optimum value for plows of the types PLN-3…8-35. Parameters of middle back heel part allow to lower load of a ploughshare to the minimum traction resistance. The authors carried out field trials for determination of traction resistance depending on geometrical parameters of chisels, in particular from width and exposure of a chisel, and resource tests until a limit state on wear and breakages or in connection with the end of an arable season. Tests showed that on heavy soils with firm mechanical inclusions the resource of experimental ploughshares with a retracting face-mounted chisel exceeded a resource serial ones P702 with cutting edge welding by 3.0-3.5 times. The average operating time of experimental ploughshares was 3.0-3.5 times more than an operating time of serial ones. The effect from use of experimental ploughshares by criterion price-quality was 1.5-1.9 times higher than the serial ones
Математическая модель оценки влияния эффекта подачи воды в камеру сгорания дизеля
Get PDFA water additive in a reciprocating internal combustion engine significantly influences temperature of a working charge in a cylinder that has impact on a toxic substances content in exhaust gases. An analytic technique is necessary for an assessment of water supply effect in the combustion chamber. Due this method, we can receive concrete values of parameters at various power setting, and at changeable ratios of water and fuel. In this regard, a new developed mathematical model makes it possible to find dependences of engine key parameters and to carry out a comparative assessment for systems of water supply in the engine.Добавка воды в поршневой двигатель внутреннего сгорания существенно влияет на температуру рабочего заряда в цилиндре, что cказывается на содержании токсичных веществ в отработанных газах. Для оценки эффекта от подачи воды в камеру сгорания необходима расчетная методика, которая позволит получить конкретные значения параметров при различных режимах работы двигателя, а также при изменяемых соотношениях воды и топлива. Разработали математическую модель, помогающую найти зависимости основных параметров двигателя, благодаря чему можно провести сравнительную оценку систем подачи воды в двигатель
АДАПТИВНЫЙ ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИЙ КУЛЬТИВАТОР для обработки каменистых почв
Get PDFPractice of cultivators operation on stony soils in RNO-Alania with high hardness and humidity indicates that traction resistance during the work varies widely, with deviation from the mean value by more than 2 times. Optimally adjust the machine to the soil background when using most modern mechanisms of regulation is not always possible. Customizing the data machine boils down to the choice of priority between the vibration of the working bodies in the soil, the maintenance of the given depth and power reserve stands required to crawl the working body of the big stones. It is very difficult to get in practice the best combination of these three factors, especially on stony soils. Therefore, the machine must be designed with the ability to quickly adjust to changing operating conditions and modes to ensure energy-saving effects and not violations of the specified soil depth of various hardness with the possibility of equipping the machine racks with different working bodies. The interrow cultivator with the possibility of the quick adjustment (including automated) to varying conditions was developed. In the process of studied basic parameters of elastic composite racks and parameters of pneumatic mechanism drive to adjust the proposed section of the machine were established. The system hardiness in layouts by elastic bars with air pressure up to 0.6 MPa varies from 17.7 to 45.3 N/mm. It was received effective values of pressures 0.4-0.5 MPa in the pneumatic drive partitions of the machine when operating with universal blade and ridger body OK-3 on stony soil. As a result, traction resistance decreases by 30-35 percent
ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ЗАЛЕЖНЫХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОВЫШЕННОГО УВЛАЖНЕНИЯ
Get PDFThe agricultural lands, which are not used in a crop rotation, grow over with weed vegetation forming a thick sod cover. The greatest damage is caused by overgrowing of the farmland a bush and a half-grown forest. Especially it is shown in the conditions of the increased moisture. Technologies and technical means for restoration of not cultivated lands should correspond to conditions of zone specifics. The volume and rates of introduction of the long-fallow lands depend on technical equipment of the agricultural enterprises. The combined soil-cultivating unit Leader-2.5Н and the modular ring harrows Lider-BKM-6 were tested. They intended for introduction of fallow lands. These machines are worked out by JSC Sibirskiy Agropromyshlennyy Dom (Novosibirsk). Hardness of the soil changes depending on processing depth. In the 0-10 cm layer it decreases from 13 to 8.2-8.3 kg/sq•cm, in a layer of 10-20 cm - from 18.7 to 9.7-12.8 kg/cc, at a depth of 20-30 cm - from 26.1 to 15.7-24.1 kg/sq•cm. It was showed that energy consumption on recovery of 1 hа of wetlands make 1932.24 MJ that is equivalent 45.25 kg of diesel fuel
Multipurpose units: combining of technological operations of a soil cultivating and seeding
No full textThe modern domestic market of technique for grain crops seeding differs variety of machines brands and types. The intensive type technologies combining technological operations of a soil cultivating and grain crops seeding in one pass are more widely used. The authors have established that one-operational units in new machine park have to be replaced multipurpose, universal and combined machines. Such approach will reduce number of machines in grain production from 20-30 to 5-6 name titles. Possibilities of multipurpose sowing units for simultaneous fertilizers application, soil cultivating and weeds destruction were analyzed. It was specified that nowadays there are several technologies types with two, four or six operations overlapping. Operational performance, technological and economical efficiency of the best multipurpose and also efficiency of technological operations overlapping at grain crops cultivating in the conditions of their real operation and at a trial establishment in the Kuban research institute of information and technical and economic studies of agro-industrial complex engineering and technical services were studied. Tit was defined that use of multipurpose sowing units and also studied efficiency of decreases operational costs by 48-71 percent, fuel consumption - by 41-76 percent and reduces labor input by 72-80 percent. Thus grain crops seeding is possible in optimal agrotime because of 4-6 technological operations overlapping in one pass
МЕТОДИКА ОЦЕНКИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ
Get PDFNow there is problem an absence of offers for a concrete technique of determination of quality of agricultural machinery operating and size of the inflicted except that there is the approved system of criteria of economic efficiency and resource-saving. It is necessary to consider when working out of the machines not the passport machinery productivity, but actual revealed in the course of its operating in a concrete agrarian zone. The offer of new criteria and techniques is inexpediency of in conditions when the international ISO standards regulating access of import agricultural machinery to domestic market, and also regulating methods of an economic assessment of agricultural machinery at implementation of requirements of agrotechnologies are not defined. It is noted that the Federal Agency on Technical Regulation and Metrology approved in 2008 the national standard of the Russian Federation by GOST P 53056-2008 «Agricultural machinery. Methods of an economic assessment» which is the document of higher level, and the principles of its application are established by the Federal law No. 184-FZ «About technical regulation» of December 27, 2002 therefore new criteria offer is not absolutely correctly. The methodical provisions offered by professor Zhalnin E.V. could be received in the interstate standard new edition. It is necessary to work out the international standards «Agricultural machinery. Methods of an economic assessment» and «Machine technologies for plant industry. Methods of an economic assessment»
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНИКА ДЛЯ КАРТОФЕЛЕВОДСТВА
Get PDFThe Potato Europe exhibition was organized in Germany in autumn of 2014. Exhibits were showed in special pavilion, at open stands in a tent complex and on specially prepared potato field. More than 200 exponents, generally from the European countries presented all necessary for modern potato production: varieties, various production technologies, special technical machines (cultivators, potato planters, combines, vehicles, lines for postharvest processing of tubers, fragments of complexes for storage and commodity preparation of tubers and production of various potato products), laboratory equipment for determination of parameters of technologies, machines, working conditions, properties of soils, plants, tubers, the wide range of components and replacement parts. Electronic separators of firms Tomra Sorting Solutions group (Belgium) which are produced in several modifications were shown. They replace hand-labour at stages of preparation for realization of wide scale of production (potatoes, vegetables, fruit, nuts, meat production). A tent complex show included various elements of technologies of modern mechanical production of potatoes and technical means for their implementation. One of the main features of this display - rather large number of the participants representing eurocontainers and technical means for their transportation, loading, a washing and disinfecting. The plant machines at demonstration of ridges formation were presented on a special field
НОВЫЕ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕШЕНИЯ В ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИНИИ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ГУМИНОВЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ
Get PDFThe authors considered device and basic principles of technological line operation for complex fertilizers production on a basis of the humic ones. Its technical characteristics, analysis of the received product are given. Relevance of humic fertilizers application in the conditions of modern agriculture is opened. The most perspective of inexpensive organo-mineral fertilizers are humic (humates) and the complex fertilizers created on basis of them. Main active ingredient of such fertilizers are humic and fulvic acids. Humates, making a humus basis, influence structure of the soil well, increasing gas permeability and moisture content, reduce a soil erosion that in many respects determines its yielding potential and fertility. Their application promotes ecological improvement and a detoxication of the polluted lands, recultivation and restoration of the exhausted and infected lands. Humates absorptive radionuclides which are in the soil, pesticides, toxic substances and heavy metals in the insoluble and not acquired by plants connections and therefore provide ecological purity of production. We still have not in Russia industrial production of the specialized equipment for preparation of humic fertilizers from peat. Enterprises have to adapt for these purposes different types of processing equipment borrowed from other industries. However such equipment does not provide a necessary technological mode and reduces quality of fertilizers