Agricultural machinery and technologies (E-Journal) / Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии
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Результаты экспериментальных исследований добавок воды в камеру сгорания дизельного двигателя
Get PDFAn agricultural sector has an actual problem. It means toxicity of diesel engines, and also their high heat density. The main toxic components such as nitrogen oxides and firm particles are typical for diesel engines. The water additive in fuel reduces heat density and toxicity of engines. At water supply in the combustion chamber there is a cooling of the charge coming to the cylinder. Indicators of engine operation depend on a way of water supply in the combustion chamber. The authors chose for researches two widespread rational ways of water supply in the cylinder: with air and in the form of a water fuel emulsion. A technique of an experimental study consists in comparison of the chosen ways on ecological safety of an internal-combustion engine, its temperature conditions and registration of a limit amount of water before violation of normal operation of the diesel. The authors analysed characteristics of the diesel engine on toxicity of exhaust gases, engine efficiency and temperature condition depending on a way of water supply in cylinders. They carried out tests on load characteristics with a nominal frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft of the diesel that corresponds to power at agricultural operations on a tractor or a harvester. Water supply of 70 percent with air reduces temperature of a piston crown fire surface by 27 percent at average values of the power of 11-13 kW. But at low and maximum loadings this decrease makes about 20 percent. At water supply with a water fuel emulsion this effect is less and on low loadings makes about 5 percent, and at the power of 12-14 kW it reaches 20 percent
Инновационная концепция разработки и производства перспективных моделей тракторов эконом-класса
Get PDFThe authors offered a concept of design and production of tractors perspective models to minimize cost by change of configuration and simplification of cabins for simultaneous safety level increase. Monoblock configuration of tractors presents increased technical difficulties when repair, operation. As a result, financial expenses increase and use efficiency decrease. One of the main tasks facing designers is providing the corresponding working conditions, decrease in vibration influences, physical activities that reduces fatigue of the operator and increases labor productivity. A technical solution of a problem of increase of efficiency of the Russian agrarian and industrial complex is creation of the agricultural tractor which is not only most adapted for the Russian conditions, but also having competitive advantages. The authors offered the concept of a new tractor with know-how elements which main differences are: shift of the engine forward on the level of regular freights, rigid fixing of an arch or safety small frame on a tractor frame. The runner block with a control platform is mounted inside of this frame. Thus the cabin made of various materials providing necessary noise and thermal insulation is mounted onto the runner block. Possibility of achievement of the specified purpose is illustrated in this paper by the example of a caterpillar
Развитие интеллектуальных машинных технологий в АПК России
Get PDFВ сентябре 2015 года в ВИМ состоялась Международная научно-техническая конференция «Интеллектуальные машинные технологии и техника для реализации Государственной программы развития сельского хозяйства»
ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ ГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО СМЕСИТЕЛЯ ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ БИОДИЗЕЛЬНОГО ТОПЛИВА ИЗ МАСЛА ЯТРОФЫ
Get PDFA process of functioning of the hydrodynamic mixer which mixes streams of biodiesel fuel from Jatrofa oil of the increased acidity with carbon dioxide for its washing was considered. The regularities revealing interrelation of parameters (diameter and length of the mixing camera), the modes (pressure and stream speed) with properties of the environment (dynamic viscosity, density, elasticity) and power indicators of process (intermixing capacity) was obtained. On the basis of a method of similarity and dimensions of physical quantities criterion of stream turbulence was received, modes were determinate, diameter of the mixing camera (30-35 mm) was recommended. Stream pressure decrease and intermixing capacity at increase in pipeline diameter were established. When diameter is more than 30 mm, so pressure intensity modification is the smallest and dependence become like linear function. The intermixing capacity increases most intensively (by 1.5 times) with reduction of mixing camera length from 15 to 10 mm and it ceases to decrease at 30-35 mm. When pressure on a cut of a nozzle corresponds critical, carbon dioxide in the mixing camera gets liquid properties, dissolving in biofuel, and mix becomes quasihomogeneous. The revealed criterion of stream change modes from supersonic in the subsonic allowed to define a condition of quasiuniformity of mix. It was proved that the supersonic stream formed thus «liquid-gas» is transformed in subsonic, accompanied at acoustic effect of cavitation with a intermixing due to isentropic jump in pressure. There were proved physical and chemical data of process of cavitational impact of carbon dioxide on biodiesel fuel as a result of which properties of the environment improve owing to structurization of molecules of solution that positively influences mixing. A design of the hydrodynamic mixer was recommend
Research of methods of water additives to fuel in a conventional engine
No full textThe main energy source for stationary installations and mobile vehicles is a conventional engine. There are several its requirements: restriction on toxic emissions in the atmosphere and increase of economic indicators, including efficiency. The delivery fuel and water system was offered in the 60th years for these key problems solution. Such system insures process of mixture burning at lower temperature. First of all it causes reduction of nitrogen oxides emission and intensifies the chemical processes leading to increase in the energy received at mixture burning. The water delivery methods were investigated and compared them around each other. It was showed that there are some basic ways of an water additive. It is necessary to investigate them for a complex assessment of the current situation. It was revealed that each method differs in the features which include not only a constructive component, but also a set of the physical and chemical processes considerably influencing on mixture burning process. This research will become the base for receiving empirical indicators when carrying out experiment
Ротационная борона для грядовых обработок посадок картофеля
Get PDFIt was established that quality pre-emergence cultivation of potato ridges depends on possibility of surface copying by working tools of a rotary harrow because of their vibrations. Rotary harrow design having damping devices and V-shaped spike tooth was suggested. Energy consumption evaluation depending on its speed, soil drag, operating modes and design parameters of working tools were researched. The optimal chain changing tension range was founded (100-120 H). Thus, the specific traction resistance of the newly developed harrow equaled 200-210 H/m, or 20 percent lower than that of a serial one. Data of field experiments characterizing influence of a harrow on quality of ridge cultivation and yield of potatoes were presented. It was showed that it is possible to create more favorable conditions for development and growth of potato due to use new harrow. As result potatoes yield increased by 1.2 -1.5 t/ha, or 4-6 percent. Fuel savings amounted to 12 percent.Установили, что качество довсходовой обработки гряд зависит от возможности копирования поверхности рабочими органами ротационной бороны вследствие создания ими поперечных колебаний. Предложили конструкцию ротационной бороны с демпфирующими устройствами и зубом V-образной формы. Исследовали зависимость энергоемкости бороны от скорости ее движения, сопротивления почвы, режимов работы и конструктивных параметров рабочих органов. Выявили оптимальный диапазон натяжения цепи бороны (100-120 Н). При этом удельное тяговое сопротивление разработанной бороны составило 200-210 Н/м, или на 20 процентов ниже, чем у серийной. Привели данные полевых опытов, характеризующие влияние бороны на качество обработки гряды и урожайность картофеля. Показали возможность создания более благоприятных условий для развития и роста картофеля с помощью использования новой бороны, что повысило урожайность, в сравнении с серийной бороной, на 1,2-1,5 т/га, или на 4-6 процентов. Экономия топлива составила 12 процентов
ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ И ПОИСКОВЫЕ НАУЧНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ НИИ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ НАУК РАН: результаты и планы
Get PDFОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ И РЕЖИМОВ РАБОТЫ ДИСКОВОГО ПНЕВМАТИЧЕСКОГО ВЫСЕВАЮЩЕГО АППАРАТА
Get PDFTechnological effectiveness and qualitative characteristics of pneumatic sowing devices are higher than ones of lots produced rollers for a number of reasons, caused by decrease in number of doubles, increased evenness of seeds in a row. The major studied factors were selected and levels of their variation were established. A laboratory installation for optimization of the main technical and constructive characteristics on applied sowing devices was created. A disk pneumatic sowing device (DPSD) design with application block and modular principle of design for crops the smallseeded crops was working out. Optimum value of studied parameters and DPSD operating modes were established. Optimum value of evenness of seeds along the row, making 1.14-1.16 mm with a frequency of rotation of a sowing disk 75- 80 rpm, diameter of seed cells in a sowing disk 2.31-2.32 mm and pressure of an air stream 2.5-2.6 kPa were defined. The better distribution of seeds along a row in comparison with the production roller seeding mechanism when smallseeded crops sowing. It was recommended the offered design with the optimized parameters and operating modes for flax sowing and firm granulated mineral fertilizers application depending on cultivation conditions and functioning of sowing section