Agricultural machinery and technologies (E-Journal) / Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии
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Математическая модель очистителя головок корнеплодов
Get PDFWorking out of new designs of a drum cleaner of root crop heads is necessary at modernization of beet-harvesters. A drum cleaner, contacting to a root crop head, clears it of a leafy tops owing to compulsory drum rotation round a horizontal axis and its forward motion on a surface of a root crop head. An effective doffing of tops remains from a root crop head without its damage occurs under an influence of a maximum allowed force of a hold-down of a drum to a root crop head depending on force of the reaction of a root crop directed on a normal to a head surface. Thus, force of reaction of a root crop depends on a static stress, admissible for a root crop, and the area of contact of a drum and a root crop surfaces. The authors determined a necessary force of contact of a drum with a head in any point for ensuring process of a doffing of the top remains from a root crop head. A differential equation of the movement of a drum at full copying of a root crop head was offered. Due to received formulas it is possible to determinate an area of a contact spot, mass of a drum and hold-down force of a spring considering a stability of contact of a drum and a root crop. The authors worked out new mathematical model of interaction of a drum cleaner with a root crop head during doffing of leafy tops remains and gave mathematical dependences proving cleaner parameters
Интенсивность выделения легкой примеси в вертикально восходящем воздушном потоке
Get PDFIn channels of pneumoseparators with vertical giving of an air flow process of separation of an easy component is casual because of a wrong form of caryopsis and irregularity in the distribution of an air stream on the cross section of the channel. Therefore the separated component can not be completely allocated for any final time of influence of an air flow. It is confirmed by the mathematical model which is adequately described by function of gamma distribution with arguments one of which is the important parameter of intensity of easy component separation. Just as the movement of a material point is determinet by its speed in each timepoint, and process of pneumoseparation is characterized on intensity of extraction of an easy component. The authors showed that this parameter makes the physical meaning opening possibility of an intensification of process of pneumoseparation that was not investigated adequately. Influence of grain charge on intensity of process of separation in vertically ascending air flow was studied. It is established that the increase in specific grain charge in the pneumoseparating channel with vertically ascending air flow is followed by increase of intensity of light impurities separation that can be explained by increase of speed of an air stream in intergrain space. When processing of barley at specific grain charge from 0.5 to 2 kg on sq. cm an hour intensity of impurity (oats) release increases depending on loading linearly. If intensity of process of separation at increase in loading from 0.5 to 2 kg on sq. cm per hour remained same as at charge of 0.5 kg of sq. cm per hour, settlement separation of oats at charge of 2 kg of sq. cm per hour would decrease from 51.97 percent (result of experience) to 9.83 percent. So, efficiency of separation with use of the pneumoseparating channel depend on change of grain charge
Обоснованиe конструкции дискового заделывающего органа лукопосадочной машины
Get PDFOne of necessary vegetable cultures in agricultural production is onion which production has to satisfy requirements of the population. The most responsible operation at cultivation of bulbous cultures is planting of bulbs as receiving qualitative products requires uniform distribution of bulbs focused by a stem down along a furrow. Covering working elements affect the provision of bulbs in a furrow at their planting. The authors justificated a design of the disk covering elements in onion planter, worked out a design of laboratory installation and a technique for carrying out of researches. Several options of working elements designs were studied: smooth spherical disks; spherical disks with straight soil guides; spherical disks with curvilinear soil guides. The uniformity of distribution and quantity of the down stem bulbs covering with use of curvilinear soil guide disk are bettr than with use of rectilinear ones pochvonapravitel or smooth spherical disks, on average by 2.6 and 1.8 percent respectively, in a speed interval from 0.8 to 1.2 m/s. The quantity of the stem down bulbs covering by the soil makes 95 percent, and uniformity of bulbs distribution equals 93.8 percent when using disk covering working element with curvilinear soil guides at a speed of 1 m/s and the angle of 25 degrees between the horizontal diameter and the direction of disk forward motion
Теоретические и технологические аспекты работы рыхлительного рабочего органа
Get PDFOperating of quality of cutivation of a deformable soil layer is important at soil cultivating working too use. The soil as cutivated object is characterized by elastic modulus, the Poisson ratio, ultimate compression strength, angle of wall and internal friction, coefficient of specific potential energy of destruction of soil particles. All these indicators depend on values of absolute humidity of the loamy soil. By means of a finite elements method the authors predicted an intense and deformable condition of the cultivted layer of the loamy soil taking into account such suppositions as a quasi solidity, quasi elasticity, constancy of speed and depth of cultivation. For realization of this method several operations were used, such as compiling of a global stiffness matrix, a load column, solve simultaneous linear equations, definition of possible movements of nodal points in the soil body across and verticals, and also determination of specific potential energy of elementary soil fragments. The load column is formed taking into account the gravity of soil fragments, traction resistance of a side surface of a chisel and a cutting edge, and also inertia forces. In case of comparison of the received values with the experimental rate of specific potential energy of destruction of soil fragments of the loamy soil it is possible to make the forecast about geometrical parameters of a destruction zone and extent of crumbling of soil fragments. So, at absolute humidity of the loamy soil 20.73 percent, speed of the movement of 1.6 m a second, depth of processing of 0.2 m, width of working tool of 0.02 m destruction zone length in the direction of the movement makes 0.12 m, width equals 0.1 m, the critical depth of cutting is 0.08 m. The coefficient of crumbling of a zone of the disturbed state does not exceed 22 percent
ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ - ОСНОВА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ АПК, УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ
Get PDFIn the conditions of global economy social and economic development of Russia faces a number of long-term challenges. The most important of them is the low level of competitiveness and production efficiency. The low level of state support which several times is less, than in the West is the main reason for insufficiently high efficiency of agriculture. The high level of import of material resources and agricultural machinerycreates serious risks for competitiveness of domestic agrarian and industrial complex. Food import into Russia was considerably reduced as because of crisis response measures. Production of tractors, combines and other agricultural machinery increased thanks to significant rise in subsidies to agricultural engineering. A situation in agriculture can be change only on the basis of technological modernization, revival of domestic agricultural mechanical engineering, establishment of a network of the training centers, science and technology parks and technological platforms. For this purpose the special industry program of development of agricultural mechanical engineering is necessary
Автожир для внесения жидких средств химизации и обоснование его технологических параметров
Get PDFAn aviation treatment of agricultural and forest lands has advantages as against at-ground one on productivity, opportunity to cultivate a field with the humidified soil, to lack of mechanical damages of plants. The authors proved expediency of use of a light aircraft for chemical operations. A gyroplan is perspective easy rotary-wing aircraft for application of liquid products of chemicalixation. It hass properties of a plane and a helicopter. Developed by authors gyroplan has a modular design of the apparatus providing the automated application of liquid producs of chemicalixation with a operating speed of 70-100 km/ha and spreading width of 8 m, high of 1.0-1.5 m, application rate of 10-20 l/ha. Parameters of efficiency of use of the autogyro were established: duration of one flight cycle depending on length of furrow and distance of approach to the cultivated field site; useful loading capacity and application rate. The field area processed by the gyroplan increases with reduction of norm of application which rational values make 10-20 l/ha. With increase in useful loading capacity from 100 to 350 kg gyroplan productivity in flight hour increases by 3 times and more. However, loading capacity is limited by the power of the plantpropulsion unit of an autogyro. The shotest time of flight of an autogyro is 14-46 min and the maximum efficiency of treatment of crops is 37-43 ha/h. These parameters are provided at rational values of length of furrow of 1.0-2.6 km within approach distance to a field of 0.6-1.5 km. For example, if an engine capacity of the plantpropulsion unit of an autogyro equals 150, 200 and 300 h.p., so useful loading capacity usually makes 120, 200 and 350 l respectively
Обоснование параметров машинной технологии приготовления органобактериальных удобрений
Get PDFQuestions connected with a solution of a problem of providing plants with nitrogen by means of nitrogen-fixing biological preparations application were considered. Requirements to quality of organo-bacterial fertilizers preparation on the basis of composts and the nitrogen-fixing biological preparations of Extrasol group were stated. Theoretical and experimental researches for justification of possibility of biological products application together with peat-manure composts were conducted. A project of technological process and experimental facilities for organo-bacterial mix preparation with a set quality level of biological product distribution in compost were developed. In the course of experiment the time length of mixing was modified from 1 to 12 min. There were set the values of rotation frequency of a rotor mixer: 40, 60, 80 and 100 rpm. Uniformity of biological product distribution in the mix was estimated by coefficient of a variation of a control element for which sugar beet seeds were used. It was revealed that quality of biopreparation distribution in the compost mass depends on the rotor mixer rotation frequency and time length of mixing. At the constant mixing time with increase in frequency of rotation quality of distribution in the mass of the control element estimated by variation coefficient at first decreases, and then at achievement of the frequency of 65-70 rpm it starts to increase. Quality of distribution is influenced positively also by time length of mixing. With the constant frequency of rotor mixer rotation uniformity of mixing was stabilized after 3-4 min. When facilities loading to 50 kg of mix (49 kg of compost +1 kg of a biological product) the coefficient of a control element variation characterizing distribution quality made 10-13 percent with a frequency of rotation of 65 rpm and time of mixing of 3 min
Динамика движения рабочего органа для образования борозды в грунте
Get PDFA furrow depth at the corn furrow drilling depends on the working depth of the furrower hoe also on stability of drill openers operaring depth. The main factors which influence on the furrower motion steadiness are field microrelief, soil condition, tillage mode and their design parameters. The effect of two first factors groups on the hoe with a furrower occurs at random and is determined as a sum of dispersions of every variable at the dynamic unit output. A transfer function was determined on the basis of the received mathematical model. The amplitude frequency characteristics of the dynamic system were calculated. The analysis of the theoretical amplitude frequency characteristics showed jointed elastic junction of the cultivator hoe with the furrower in a shape of wing flap or blades with the row-crop drill frame results its fluctuation amplitude raising in longitudinal and vertical planes. It was ascertained for the frequency range from 1.3 to 1.6 Hz which represent field microrelief fluctuation, but not resonant ones. The authors proved that significant fluctuation decrease of the furrower is possible if it be equipped with a spring which rate equals more than 20 kN per m. It was recommended to change jointed elastic junction with the rigid one on the soils with the unit resistance up to 50 kN per m