Agricultural machinery and technologies (E-Journal) / Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии
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Искусственная нейронная сеть для обоснования параметров ходовых систем тракторов
Get PDFOne of the most important properties that determine undercarriage layout on design stage is the soil compaction effect. Existing domestic standards of undercarriages impact to soil do not meet modern agricultural requirements completely. The authors justify the need for analysis of traction and transportation machines travel systems and recommendations for these parameters applied to machines that are on design or modernization stage. The database of crawler agricultural tractors particularly in such parameters as traction class and basic operational weight, engine power rating, average ground pressure, square of track basic branch surface area was modeled. Meanwhile the considered machines were divided into two groups by producing countries: Europe/North America and Russian Federation/CIS. The main graphical dependences for every group of machines are plotted, and the conforming analytical dependences within the ranges with greatest concentration of machines are generated. To make the procedure of obtaining parameters of the soil panning by tractors easier it is expedient to use the program tool - artificial neural network (or perceptron). It is necessary to apply to the solution of this task multilayered perceptron - neutron network of direct distribution of signals (without feedback). To carry out the analysis of parameters of running systems taking into account parameters of the soil panning by them and to recommend the choice of these parameters for newly created machines. The program code of artificial neural network is developed. On the basis of the created base of tractors the artificial neural network was created and tested. Accumulated error was not more than 5 percent. These data indicate the results accuracy and tool reliability. It is possible by operating initial design-data base and using the designed artificial neural network to define missing parameters
Методика проведения агротехнического полевого опыта
Get PDFApplication of modern technologies and innovative technical equipment at cultivation of grain-crops, including winter wheat, flax, clover and rape, causes actuality of carrying out the multivariable field test. The planned long-term field experience of determination of dependence of the productivity of the cultivated agricultural cultures on the set factors will allow to justify basic technological methods and confirm optimal parameters and modes of operations of innovative working tools for tillage, sowing and crop protection. By results of planning of field experiment width and length of a plot were 3 and 20 m respectively. At randomized placement for one crop cultivation 81 registration plots were necessary. The general size of the test field at a research of three factors with three levels of variation was 110 m width and 215 m length. Before conducting field experiment the authors fixed an initial condition of a soil profile, agronomical and biological characteristics of the soil. Change of soil properties of the and also crops vegetation was noted at of the end of carrying out studies of each series of tests. The main response of field experiment conducting was the productivity. On the basis of the received results more than 27 hectares will be cultivated to increase crop productivity by 17-19 percent owing to the saved-up soil fertility and introduction of innovative technological and technical means of cultivation. The developed recommendations will be realized at agricultural enterprises in the Tver’ region and in others regions of the of the Non-black earth zone
ОЦЕНКА МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР
Get PDFThe author explains the general principles of influence of the material and technical resources (MTR) on performance and efficiency of the main technological operations in crop production. Various technologies from the point of view of MTR expenses were estimated. The general tendencies in development of crop production technologies were revealed. The distribution of costs of materials and equipment to perform a variety of agricultural activities was determined. Cost indicators should be a guide in the search of innovative technological processes and working elements of agricultural machins. The greatest values of expenses of work, fuel, metal, and also, money where found. The concepts allowing to provide costs production reduction were formulated. To achieve the maximum productivity with the minimum expenses, the perspective calculations shoul be based on «progressive» agrotechnologies. When determining progressive agrotechnology it is necessary on reasonable grounds to approach indicators of crop productivity in various agrozones and regions of the country. For an assessment of efficiency of MTR by crop production and ensuring decrease in resource intensity of agricultural products by search and use of essentially new technologies for energy saving when performing agricultural operations, an integrated percentage indicator of comparison of progressive technologies with the applied ones was developed. MTR at application of new progressive crop production technologies by integrated percentage index were estimated. This indicator can be used for definition of efficiency of MTR. Application of the offered technique will promote an effective assessment of MTR, decrease in resource intensity by search and developments of essentially new technologies of performance of operations in crop production
Устройство для создания подпочвенного экрана
Get PDFTo make a subsoil membrane we designed a mounted plow device using an interpolymer complex (IPС) on the basis of carboxymethyl cellulose, urea formaldehyde and ortho-phosphoric acid. Spraying by IPC solution is possible due to a reservoir fixed on the tractor and nozzles on a tube 22-25 cm long and with a diameter of 15-20 mm. Parameters of tubes are determined by calculation. The IPC subsoil shield is made by designed device. So, when watering of a cotton on fields humidifying uniformity increases (faster water travel in a furrow), overflow water decreases (additional moistening at reduced water expense). Thus losses of water on deep filtering and evaporations from the lower soil layers decrease by 30-35 percent of the irrigating norm. As a part of the study we established the IPC composition promoting decrease in an infiltration, determined the location of nozzles on the llower side of moldboards providing protection against clogging by the soil. The optimum size of pressure when spraying by solution is 0.4-0.6 Pas
ПАРАМЕТРОВ ВЫРЕЗНОГО ПОЧВООБРАБАТЫВАЮЩЕГО ДИСКА
Get PDFDisk working elements are classified by continuity of the blade, forms of the disk and cutout and type of the cutout. Decrease in power consumption while introducing a segment of a spherical cut disk is possible at transformation of the external cutting edge towards a concave surface of the working element that corresponds to a difficult type of loading. The methods of calculation of power consumption at introduction of the forward cutting edge and curves forming a segment surface were developed. Normal and tangent efforts from the soil affect the platform of the curve when penetration. The coordinates of curve points of the transformed segment surface can be received by calculation. With usage of the SPSS Statistics program the curves are approximated by a square parabola. Geometrical parameters of the disk, an angle of attack, the travel speed of the movement are considered through a deepening trajectory which is also approximated by a square parabola. The soil as an object of processing is presented by deformation coefficient, the angles of external friction, compressive strength. The calculation was performed at the following basic data: the size of a horizontal single interval is 0.005 m; the size of a vertical single interval is 0.004 m; the absolute humidity of the loamy soil equals 20.73 persent; the hardness is 3.3 MPa; the width of crumbling curves is 0.01 m; the limit of soil solidity on compression is 154 175 Pa; the normal tensions corresponding to coefficient of the soil deformation made 45 178 Pa. When in loamy soil external cutting edge transformation is 1, 2 and 3 degrees, so an average value of a horizontal component of traction resistance is less than the analyzed size by 15,52, 15,79 and 13,55 percent respectively. The segment with the transformation angle of the external cutting edge equaled 2 degrees has a minimum value of average traction resistance
СИСТЕМА МАШИН ДЛЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ МЕХАНИЗАЦИИ МЕЛИОРАТИВНЫХ РАБОТ
Get PDFMeliorative fleet replacement and expansion of lands areas of melioration systems during radical improvement of not used, degraded layland are the two interconnected directions. They can be provided during introduction of science based modern System of technologies and machines for the complex mechanization of meliorative works. This System is the most fully answering to a problem of import substitution of the food, carrying out monitoring of the market of digging and special meliorative equipment. The authors presented the review of realization of System of machinery during the period since 1955 so far. Machines test play a part in regulation of the meliorative equipment market. Improvement of basic technologies of performance of maintenance activities on melioration systems, along with addition with new operations, is possible by creation of the multipurpose combined machines with working tools which novelty is confirmed with patents. The authors proved the project of part of System of machinery for maintenance activities on melioration systems for the period 2015-2020
ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ РОБОТОТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СРЕДСТВА C ОПРЫСКИВАТЕЛЕМ И МОДУЛЕМ МАГНИТНО-ИМПУЛЬСНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ РАСТЕНИЙ В САДОВОДСТВЕ
Get PDFЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАБОТЫ ДИСКОВОГО РАБОЧЕГО ОРГАНА
Get PDFPower consumption decrease is an important factor at the soil tillage and for the choice of working tools, in particular disc ones which are mounted on plow, harrow, disc headers, and stubblers. The authors have assumed that transformation of the external blade edge of a segment of a cutout disc towards his concave surface will reduce power consumption of interaction. A laboratory setup was used for mounting V-shaped and chisel-tipe tines, plow bodies, disc working tools. A lead angle and tillage depth can be changet due to basic wheels. Segments of three 560 mm cutout disks were plastic deformed. The external bladeg edge of a segment was unbent by means of a templet and controlled by the measuring tool. Test conditions: a background is a cereal crops stubble, soil type is clay loam, absolute humidity equals 24.47 percent, hardness is 2.44 MPas. The horizontal component of traction resistance of cutout discs with the blade edge transformed by 1, 2 and 3 degrees external is less than similar parameter of standard working tool on 24.86; 30.92 and 27.48 percent respectively. At the same time degree of plant remains incorporation accrued by 2.63; 5.96 and 8.30 percent in absolute terms. The soil surface crumbling coefficient increased by 2.27; 4.51 and 20.33 percent in absolute terms. The size of a surface roughness decreased by 12.75; 33.33 and 41.44 percent respectively
Влияние количества сканеров на качество обеспечения растений питательными элементами при их дифференцированном внесении
Get PDFAt the on-line mode of differentiated mineral fertilization the availability of nutrients is determined by scanner (sensors). The programme of researches contained the study of the effect of the number of scanners placed across the machine operating width on the quality of nutrients providing of plants. One of the indicators of the quality of the technological process of mineral fertilization is the distribution of fertilizer across the machine working width. For the precise distribution is necessary to ensure minimal irregularity of the actual dose relative to addition ones. The equation allowing to define the inaccurate distribution of fertilizers across the machine working width caused by impossibility of measurement and, afterwards, providing of application of a required dose in each point of the selected section is received. The factors influencing inaccurate distribution are revealed. Numerical evaluation of irregularity for different conditions of mineral fertilization is executed. Even in case of absolutely precise distribution of fertilizers across the machine working width the deviations of the actual doses of application of fertilizers in comparison with required can exceed the value allowed by agrotechnical requirements considerably. Additional scanners allow to lower in proportion coefficient of irregularity of distribution of fertilizers across the machine working width
БЕСПИЛОТНЫЕ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫЕ АППАРАТЫ ДЛЯ ВНЕСЕНИЯ ПЕСТИЦИДОВ И УДОБРЕНИЙ В СИСТЕМЕ ТОЧНОГО ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ
Get PDFThe development of precision farming technology requires a higher level of technical support based on programmable, fully autonomous or remotely controlled unmanned aerial systems that contain complexes of automatic or remotely controlled unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The authors conducted selection and justification of the main parameters of the UAV for agricultural purposes. For variable rate application of plant protection products and fertilizers the agrarians prefer UAVs of reusable, non-aerodrome basing, with small take-off for takeoff or vertical take-off and vertical landing, low-altitude, helicopter, rotary-wing and multi-rotor types equipped with an autopilot and a system for differentiating the distribution of fertilizer working fluids and pesticides for a set program, developed in accordance with the agrochemical cartogram and field phytosanitary condition. The equation of mass balance of UAV of agricultural purpose is made, which allows more precisely to determine the take-off weight taking into account the constituent masses of the payload intended for differentiated dispensing and distribution of working fluids of fertilizers and pesticides. The equation of UAV existence is obtained, which differs in that, in addition to the mass and flight-technical characteristics of the aircraft, it displays the technological parameters of differentiated application of pesticides and fertilizers for a particular field being treated. The technological process of UAV application in the system of precise farming includes sequential interrelated operations: monitoring and sounding of crops (using light UAVs equipped with multispectral cameras), obtaining, processing and transmitting information for crop management, differentiated application of pesticides and fertilizers according to a specified treatment program (UAV through a large payload)