EKSAKTA - Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-Journal)
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Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Full text linkKlebsiella  pneumoniae is the Enterobacteriaceae family can be found in the environment, humans and animals. These bacteria are common causes of hospital, community and healthcare associated infections. Third generation cephalosporin (3GC) is one of the broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic that is commonly used to treat this infection. Use of antibiotics without appropriate sensitivity guidance, natural antibiotic resistant bacteria and MGE mediated horizontal gene transfer have led to increased resistance in 3GC. Mobile genetic elements such as insertion sequences (IS), transposons, integrons and resistance plasmids facilitate horizontal gene transfer between bacteria. This element can move between chromosomes or plasmids, transferring genetic material to the recipient bacteria. Horizontal gene transfer can occur by conjugation, transformation, transduction and vesiduction. IS, transposons, integrons and resistance plasmids associated with 3GC resistance are discussed in this article. We analysed the role of these MGEs in 3GC resistance in K. pneumoniae using PRISMA methods from different academic sources. We found an association of MGE with ESBL and AmpC betalactamase gene. This element promotes the transfer of resistance genes to other bacteria. Understanding the MGEs that play a role in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in K. pneumoniae is important to control the spread of the gene
The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation in Cholestasis Liver Disease: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies
Full text linkGut microbiome is essential in maintaining metabolism, gut barrier homeostasis, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. Several factors affect gut microbiome composition, including genetics, lifestyle, external factors, and disease. Cholestasis liver disease promotes gut dysbiosis via abnormal bile production or flow to the intestine and disrupts the gut microbiome. This condition leads to intestinal leakage, which enables bacterial and endotoxin translocation to the liver through the portal vein. Bacterial translocation promotes inflammatory responses, which worsen liver damage in cholestasis. Moreover, probiotic supplementation in other diseases has been shown to preserve gut microbiome composition. While such studies have documented probiotics' beneficial effects, no adequate clinical trials support probiotics' potency as a cholestasis treatment. Hence, this systematic review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of probiotic supplementation as a therapy for cholestasis liver disease in animal models. The search strategies were conducted based on PRISMA methodologies based on various academic literature. The selected studies have shown improvements in bile acid metabolism, microbiota-gut-liver axis, gut epithelium integrity, liver damage and inflammation response, and liver fibrosis progression, which need to be confirmed in human clinical trials
Classification of Covid-19 Vaccine Sentiment Using K-Nearest Neighbor and Fasttext on Twitter
Full text link In late 2019 came a flu-like illness that infected the lungs in the city of Wuhan. It is suspected that the disease is suspected to have originated in bats. WHO named this disease Covid-19 and the virus spread throughout the world, causing a pandemic. The government took a vaccination drive to overcome this virus, but received a response of pros and cons from the public. There are many studies that discuss people's sentiments towards vaccination, one of which is the classification of sentiments. This study discusses the classification of sentiment towards covid-19 vaccines using the K-Nearest Neighbor and Fasttext algorithms on twitter. Data is obtained by crawling using the pyton programming language and Twitter API. Data labeling is carried out by crowdsourcing and majority voting techniques. The data used after the balancing process are 6000 training data, 778 development data and 400 test data. The test results after various experiments and feature engineering got the best results with an accuracy value of 69% and an f1-score of 60%. This result is the best result compared to previous studies with the same dataset
Identification of Active Compounds of Leaf Extract and Seed Oil of Moringa oleifera in TrkB Receptor as Neuroprotective by Molecular Docking
Full text linkThe functional ability of the brain will decline progressively during aging which usually involves changes in plasticity. BDNF is one of the neurotrophins that regulates plasticity via TrkB receptors. So the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed oil extracts was identified as neuroprotective on the interaction of TrkB receptors with molecular docking. The active compounds of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and seed oil were obtained from literature studies. Drug-likeness and ADMETox analysis were carried out using the SwissAdme and the AdmetSAR webserver. The molecular docking was carried out using the Pyrx Vina application and visualization is done using the Discovery Studio Biovia application. The docking results showed the best compounds namely luteolin, stigmasterol, and moringin as a marker compound and showed the interaction of hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds at the active site of the prediction results. So it can be concluded that compounds in the leaves and seed oil of Moringa oleifera, namely luteolin, stigmasterol, and moringin are predicted as ingredients that can activate TrkB receptors in the aging process
Connecting the Dots: Transcriptomic Approaches and Relationship between Myocardial Infarction and Breast Cancer
Full text linkMyocardial infarction, resulting from coronary blood vessel blockage, inflicts lasting damage on the heart muscle. Meanwhile, breast cancer ranks among the most diagnosed cancers, causing millions of deaths annually. Mouse model research suggests that myocardial infarction induces systemic changes, fostering cross-disease communication that expedites breast cancer. Using GEO2R for transcriptomic analysis, Cytoscape for protein-protein interaction (PPI), and EnrichR for enrichment analysis, we explored the myocardial infarction-breast cancer relationship with datasets from GEO. We identified 3,300 differentially expressed genes, including 6 commonly upregulated and 18 commonly downregulated genes. PPI and enrichment analyses revealed RAD51 genes associated with homologous recombination pathways (P-value 0.02032). Additionally, 4 genes (RAD51, KIF4A, DTL, and DLGAP5) were linked to CD105+ endothelial cells (P-value 0.00002216), connecting myocardial infarction and breast cancer. Nevertheless, further testing is needed for accurate results and to support this study's transcriptomic analysis
The Potential of Sea Pandan (Pandanus tectorius) Fiber as a Non-Food Industry Material Towards Sustainable Development
Full text linkPandanus tectorius in certain areas has the potential to be utilized in the handicraft industry because it is known to have good and strong fiber. However, there are still many coastal areas in Indonesia that have not utilized P. tectorius optimally. The purpose of this study is to see the potential of P. tectorius fiber can be used as a non-food industry material towards sustainable development. The method used in this study is a laboratory experiment with a qualitative descriptive approach that uses different variations in NaOH concentrations, namely 0% (control), 2.5%, 5% and 7.5%. Research data was obtained from fiber tests in the laboratory which included fineness, tenacity, and elongation tests. The laboratory test results showed that P. tectorius fiber in NaOH treatment was 5% more optimal than NaOH treatment 0% (Control), 2.5% and 7.5% with an average fineness value of 2529.16 Tex, an extended value of 15.11%, a tenacity value of 153.71 (mN/Tex) and 15.68 (gf/Tex). Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that P. tectorius has good characteristics used as a non-food industry material, so that by utilizing the potential of P. tectorius fiber is a creative industry towards sustainable developmen
Morphological Characteristics and Differentiation of Acinetobacter baumannii Colony on Selective Medium CHROMagar Acinetobacter
Full text linkAcinetobacter is an opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections and is one of the pathogens with the highest prevalence in the world. In addition to its prevalence, the number of isolates that are resistant to antibiotics is increasing every year worldwide. Identification of these bacteria in patients is generally carried out using various methods however, each method has drawbacks such as a long time, low accuracy, and requires high costs. To overcome this, CHROMagar Acinetobacter is used and is expected to be one of the solutions for identifying Acinetobacter in patient samples due to its selectivity and accuracy. However, in this research, several non-Acinetobacter bacteria are able to grow in this media, making identification of A. baumannii using this media remain a challenge. Using phenotypic tests, 5 isolates were successfully separated from 32 A. baumannii isolates in this study (13,51%), where these 5 isolates showed the same characteristics as A. baumannii phenotypically on CHROMagar Acinetobacter results but differ in biochemical tests. Therefore, false-positive results will be obtained based solely on CHROMagar Acinetobacter results. In sum, the use of CHROMagar Acinetobacter must be followed by other conventional tests to increase the accuracy of Acinetobacter identification in specimens
Genome-Wide Association Study for the Identification of Genetic Variants Associated with Facial Skin Phenotypes
Full text linkFacial skin phenotypes such as pigmentation, wrinkles, and lentigines are determined by genetics and environmental factors. The genetic factor is known as the basic formation of facial skin phenotype variations in different populations. Genetic variations can be used as an approach to understanding genetic influences on the phenotype of interest and may influence molecular and cellular mechanisms. Genome wide-association study (GWAS) is used to identify common genetic variants associated with quantitative traits or complex human diseases. GWAS reveals a single phenotypic which is associated with a large number of SNPs and provides statistical information as significant SNPs. To perform GWAS analysis, bioinformatics tools are used as a rapid genetic data computation for large biological datasets which can report gene/locus with a related biological function viewed in silico. In this review, we summarize a common step-by-step workflow to conduct GWAS using bioinformatics analysis. The step-by-step workflow helps researchers understand how to identify SNPs with phenotypes of interest using bioinformatics approaches. Then, we explore common SNP and gene of facial skin phenotypes from several populations originating from various countries that can provide insights into the genetic contributions to facial skin phenotypes
Effect of Adding Beet Puree (Beta vulgaris L) on the Characteristics of Dry Noodles Made from Wheat Flour with Substitution of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) Flour
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the effect of adding beet tuber puree on the characteristics of dry noodles made from wheat flour with sorghum flour substitution. This research design used Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 repeats. The treatments carried out in this study were A (Control), B (Addition of beet tuber puree 3%), C (Addition of beet tuber puree 6%, D (Addition of beet tuber puree 9%), and E (Addition of beet tuber puree 12%). The data obtained in the study were carried out statistical analysis by ANOVA then continued with the analysis of Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the level of 5% effect on water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, antioxidant activity, color, and elasticity The best treatment based on physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties is treatment E (addition of puree 12%) with moisture content. of 8.89%, ash content of 2.83%, protein content of 13.58%, fat content of 2.80%, carbohydrate content of 71.89%, elasticity of 57.27%, value of 78.57 ⸰hue (yellow-red) and total plate count of 0.79 x 105 CFU/ml, organoleptic analysis color 4.65 (likes), aroma 4.15 (likes), texture 4.30 (likes), and taste 3.90 (regular)
Computational Analysis of Iron Corrosion Inhibition by Compounds in Rimbang Leaf Extract (Solanum torvum) Using the DFT Method
Full text linkIron is one of the most widely used metals in industry. This study was conducted on the performance of inhibitor compounds in rimbang leaf extract against iron corrosion based on several theoretical approaches. The method used is Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the basis set B3LYP/6-31G. The parameters obtained from the optimization results are EHOMO, ELUMO, dipole moment, and total energy so quantum chemical parameters were obtained in the form gap energy (ΔE), electronegativity (χ), ionization potential (I), electron affinity (A), hardness (η), softness (σ), electrophilicity (ω) and nucleophilicity (ε), adsorption energy and bond energy. The calculation results showed that fisetin, alpha tocopherol-beta-d-mannoside and benzene,1-(bromomethyl)-3-nitro- were the most effective inhibitor molecules compared to other compounds. The interaction of inhibitors with Fe (110) crystals seen from the adsorption energy (Eads) and binding energy (Ebinding) shows that among the three best compounds contained in the rimbang extract alpha tocopherol-beta-d-mannoside has the lowest bond energy of -200.13 kJ/mol and the Inh-Fe bond length value is 1.84 Å. The bond energy and bond length values show that the interaction between the inhibitor and the Fe molecule is a chemical interaction