EKSAKTA - Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-Journal)
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312 research outputs found
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Comparison of Mangrove Biomass in Three Different Mangrove Ecosystem Locations in Maros Regency
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze the variation in mangrove biomass across three locations in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, namely Borongkalukua, Bonto Bahari, and Ampekale. Data collection was conducted using purposive sampling design, 27 observation plots (10×10 m; n=9 per location) were established to estimate biomass through Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and species-specific allometric equations. Five mangrove species were identified, namely Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, and Sonneratia alba. The two-way ANOVA results showed that species (p = 0.0003), location (p = 0.0266), and their interaction (p = 0.0065) had significant effects on biomass. The Kruskal–Wallis test also confirmed differences in median biomass among locations (p = 0.0104). Borongkalukua exhibited the highest biomass (302.57 Mg/ha) dominated by R. mucronata and R. apiculata, followed by Ampekale (223.20 Mg/ha) dominated by R. apiculata and S. alba, while the lowest biomass was recorded in Bonto Bahari (129.44 Mg/ha), dominated by A. marina. These variations in biomass reflect differences in species’ adaptive capacity to local environmental conditions. Overall, the findings emphasize that the interaction between species and location is a key determinant of mangrove biomass productivity.
Metric Dimension of Maple Leaf Graph
No full textThis study determines the metric dimension of the Maple Leaf Graph (Mₚ) for 2 ≤ p ≤ 9 using the concepts of vertex distance and resolving sets. By analyzing the distance representation of each vertex with respect to a resolving set, the minimum resolving set is identified, defining the metric dimension of the graph. Calculations were performed manually to ensure consistency and accuracy.The analysis reveals a tiered linear reduction pattern, where the metric dimension does not increase linearly with p. The main findings are summarized in three theorems: for p = 2 and p = 3, the metric dimension of the Maple Leaf Graph equals p; for p = 4, 5, and 6, it equals p – 1; and for p = 7, 8, and 9, it equals p – 2. These results introduce a new class of graphs and provide theoretical insights into the behavior of metric dimension in multi-cycle constructions, thereby contributing to the development of combinatorial graph theory
Aquifer Identification Using the Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) Method in Mulyojati Village, Metro Barat Subdistrict, Metro City
Full text linkGroundwater is ideally expected to be available in a sustainable manner and managed based on adequate subsurface hydrogeological information. However, conditions in Mulyojati Village, Metro Barat Subdistrict, Metro City indicate a lack of site-specific data on aquifer characteristics, despite increasing groundwater demand driven by population growth and socio-economic activities. This limitation may lead to uncertainty in well drilling planning and groundwater utilization. Therefore, an effective preliminary exploration method is required to identify groundwater-bearing layers. This study applies the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method using the Schlumberger configuration to investigate subsurface resistivity variations related to lithology and groundwater saturation. The urgency of this research arises from the absence of previous geophysical investigations in the area, particularly within the heterogeneous Qpt Formation, which is considered a potentially productive aquifer. The objective of this study is to characterize subsurface resistivity and delineate potential aquifer zones in Mulyojati Village. The results are expected to provide essential baseline information for groundwater development planning and support sustainable groundwater resource management in the Metro City area
Color Transitions in Tanjung-2 Chili Pepper at Green and Red Harvest Stages under Varying Growing Structures and Fertigation Levels
No full textFruit color is a primary determinant of market acceptance for chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). This study quantified the green-to-red color transition at harvest using the CIELAB system. The experiment had a split-plot RCBD. Four growing structures as main plots: greenhouse, screen house, rain shelter, and open field. Four fertigation levels (25, 50, 75, and 100% ETc) as subplots. Color parameters L*, a*, b*, chroma, hue, and ΔE* were measured at both green and red harvest stages. Interactions between structure and fertigation level were significant for all color parameters. At the green stage, L* and b* values were highest in the screenhouse and greenhouse at 75–100% ETc. At the red stage, a* and chroma increased markedly, while hue decreased rapidly. This indicated accelerated carotenoid accumulation. Maximum ΔE* was observed in greenhouse and screenhouse with 100% ETc. Screenhouse with 75–100% ETc for the green harvest stage yields higher lightness (L*) and b* values. An open field combined with 50% ETc should be recommended for the red harvest phase to achieve higher a*, chroma, and ΔE* values, indicating improved red color intensity and visual quality. ΔE* was observed with 100% ETc, indicating accelerated ripening and a shorter harvest period
Smart Law Application Engineering for Post-Disaster Recovery in Sumatra
Full text linkFlood disasters frequently occur in West Sumatra and cause multidimensional impacts on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Beyond physical and economic damage, MSMEs face serious administrative and legal challenges, particularly in restoring trademark legality due to lost documents, disrupted archives, and limited access to legal services. These conditions weaken legal protection and reduce business competitiveness during post-disaster recovery. This study aims to engineer a Smart Law application, a digital portal integrated with artificial intelligence (AI), designed to support post-disaster trademark legality recovery for MSMEs in Sumatra. The research employed a research and development (R&D) approach consisting of needs assessment, system design, prototype development, and limited user testing. Data were collected through literature review, regulatory analysis, interviews with disaster-affected MSMEs, and field observations, and analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. The results indicate that the Smart Law application is capable of delivering structured legal information, contextual guidance, and AI-based preliminary recommendations tailored to MSME conditions. The application functions as an initial legal assistance tool that improves accessibility, efficiency, and understanding of trademark recovery procedures in post-disaster contexts. This study contributes to the development of AI-assisted legal services and digital solutions for MSME resilience in disaster-prone regions
Identification of Aquifer Potential Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) Method in the Karst Area of Giritontro, Wonogiri, Central Java
No full textKarst regions exhibit unique geological characteristics due to the dissolution of carbonate rocks, lending to the formation of complex underground aquifer systems. This study was conducted in BayemharjoVillage, Giritontro Sub-district, Wonogiri Regency part of the Sewu Karst Zone to identify aquifer potential using the dipole dipole electrical resistivity method. The survey was carried out along three measurement lines ranging from 216 to 710 meters in length, utilizing 72 electrodes with 10 meter spacing. The research involved data acquisition, processing, and interpretation using specialized resistivity software. Interpretation result revealed rock layers with potential as aquifers, particulary those with porous and permeable lithologies such as sandy limestone. Additionally, the presence of aquitard and aquiclude layers was identified, acting as barriers or flow paths for groundwater movement. The resistivity patterns and geological structures indicate the existence of groundwater pockets at various depths, which are crucial for managing clean water resources in this drought-prone region. The resistivity method prove to be effective in delineating aquifers zone within the complex karst environment
Cellulolytic Bacteria Isolation from Sugarcane Garden Soil
Full text linkThe soil surrounding the sugar cane garden is a promising habitat for cellulolytic bacteria because it contains a source of cellulose, hemicellulose, and other carbon sources derived from the sugar canes remaining organic matter. This study attempts to determine the presence of cellulolytic bacteria isolated from sugar cane garden soil, as well as the ability of cellulolytic bacteria to degrade cellulose based on optical density and sugar reduction values isolated from sugarcane garden soil. We collected soil samples from five points (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5), isolating the bacteria in CMC (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose) medium, qualitatively testing the cellulase enzyme activity with Congo Red and Iodine Assays, and quantitatively using the DNS Assay. The results of the qualitative test with the Congo Red assay revealed that there were three positive isolates with a clearly visible clear zone, namely TII C4, TII C1, and TIV C4, and after quantitative supernatant tests, the OD values of all isolates were higher than the negative control in supernatant samples using 540nm wave length using spectrophotometer, by using synthetic cellulose called Carboxy Methyl cellulase (CMC) as a substrate in the cellulase enzyme test
The Relationship Between Probiotic Intake and Glycemic Profiles Among Metformin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients
No full textThe ideal management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus should evolve from mere glucose-lowering strategies to a more comprehensive framework encompassing personalized medicine, technological integration, and systemic organ protection. A significant number of patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) continue to suffer from mortality and serious complications despite being on pharmacological therapy. Although trillions of dollars are spent annually on its management, diabetes remains a leading cause of mortality, claiming millions of lives each year across the globe. Probiotics have been proposed as an adjunctive therapy due to their role in modulating gut microbiota and glucose metabolism. This study aimed to analyze the effect of probiotic supplementation on Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) levels in T2DM patients receiving metformin monotherapy. This experimental study involved 32 respondents, divided into probiotic intervention and placebo groups. FBS levels were measured pre- and post-intervention. Statistical analysis using the Paired T-Test showed a significant reduction in FBS levels (p=0.019). Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced FBS levels in T2DM patients on metformin monotherapy. However, this reduction was not clinically significant, as the final FBS levels did not differ significantly between the probiotic and placebo groups.
Comparative Analysis of Coral Cover Percentage and Species Diversity in Karanrang Island, Balang Lompo Island, Badi Island, and Lumu-Lumu Island Using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) Method
Full text linkThis study assessed live coral cover and coral genus diversity across Karanrang Island, Balang Lompo Island, Badi Island, and Lumu-Lumu Island. Data collection was conducted at 12 observation stations (depth ±5 m) using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method in April 2025. Photo analysis with CPCe 4.1 software was used to calculate the percentage of live coral cover, while the diversity index was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener formula (H’). The findings revealed that Badi Island exhibited the highest live coral cover (32.31–45.03%), whereas Lumu-Lumu Island demonstrated the lowest condition (10.60–24.97%). The highest diversity index was recorded on Balang Lompo Island (H' = 2.53) and the lowest on Karanrang Island (H' = 0.83). Badi Island is predominantly composed of Porites sp. and Acropora sp., suggesting ecosystem stability and a high potential for regeneration, while Karanrang and Balang Lompo Islands display moderate conditions with a prevalence of adaptive massive corals. These results show variations in coral cover and diversity between islands due to differences in environmental pressures and the ecological characteristics specific. These findings emphasize the need for location-based management to maintain the ecological functions and restoration potential of coral reefs ecosystem in the Spermonde Islands
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Allogenic: A Potential Challenge for Decreasing Random Blood Glucose, Uric Acid, and Cholesterol Levels in A Preliminary Pre and Post Test Study on Adult Subjects
Full text linkIdeally, metabolic homeostasis is maintained through stable glucose regulation, balanced lipid metabolism, and effective uric acid clearance under conditions of minimal systemic inflammation. In real clinical conditions, aging and persistent low-grade inflammation frequently disrupt this balance, leading to hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and elevated uric acid levels. Current pharmacological management mainly emphasizes metabolic control and may not sufficiently address underlying tissue dysfunction or inflammatory processes. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a blood-derived bioregenerative product containing growth factors with anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, offering a potential supportive approach for metabolic regulation. Nevertheless, PRP administration has predominantly relied on invasive delivery methods. Nebulization provides a non-invasive pulmonary route that enables rapid systemic absorption, representing an alternative delivery strategy. Despite its potential advantages, clinical evidence regarding the metabolic effects of PRP delivered via nebulization remains limited, creating an urgent need for preliminary clinical evaluation. Therefore, this pre–post test study aimed to assess the effects of allogeneic PRP nebulization on random blood glucose, uric acid, and total cholesterol levels. Fourteen adult subjects received PRP nebulization for five consecutive days. The intervention resulted in a significant reduction in random blood glucose levels and mild decreasing trends in uric acid and total cholesterol without serious adverse events