EKSAKTA - Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-Journal)
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Robust Linear Discriminant Analysis with Modified One-Step M-Estimator Qn Scale for Classifying Financial Distress in Banks: Case Study
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the banking sector, leading to a decline in profit growth as an indicator of financial distress. Bank financial health can be evaluated using the RGEC (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, Capital) analysis. While Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) ideally requires normality and homogeneity of covariance matrices, financial data often fail to meet these assumptions. Therefore, this study employs robust linear discriminant analysis using the Modified One-Step M-Estimator with Qn scale estimator (MOM-Qn) to classify ‘distress’ and ‘non-distress’ bank conditions. Given these challenges, this study acts as a preventive measure for banks to evaluate financial health simultaneously. The objective is to provide a robust discriminant function for more accurate and stable classification, particularly in the presence of outliers. It focuses on conventional private banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during December 2021-2022. The results show a classification accuracy of 69.23% and a Press’s Q value of 11.53846, indicating the method’s effectiveness in classifying real financial data. Â
Development of Herbal Tea Bags using Gotu Kola Leaves (Centella asiatica L. Urban) and Siamese Orange Peel (Citrus nobilis)
Full text linkHerbal tea is a beverage made from dried leaves, flowers, seeds, nuts, bark, fruits, and other plant components, excluding Camellia sinensis. This study developed herbal tea bags using gotu kola leaves (Centella asiatica) and Siamese orange peel (Citrus nobilis) sweetened with stevia to enhance flavor and antioxidants. The research aimed to assess the chemical and organoleptic characteristics and identify the most preferred formula. Treatments involved varying ratios of gotu kola leaves to Siamese orange peel: (100%: 0%), (80%: 20%), (75%: 25%), (70%: 30%), and (65%: 35%). A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications was used, and data were analyzed using ANOVA and DNMRT at a 5% significance level. Results showed significant effects of mixing ratios on DPPH antioxidant activity, total polyphenols, water-soluble content, pH, IC50 antioxidant activity, and organoleptic attributes (color and aroma), but not on moisture content, ash content, TPC, or taste. Treatment E (65%: 35%) was optimal, with moisture content 7.54%, ash content 6.65%, DPPH antioxidant activity 58.02%, total polyphenols 746.67 mg GAE/g, water-soluble content 35.33%, TPC 2.8×10³ CFU/g, pH 6.71, and IC50 67 ppm. Panelists preferred this formulation, scoring its color (3.96), aroma (3.72), and taste (3.72) as "like"
Phyrochemical Screening and Potential Inhibition of Pacing Extract (Costus speciousus, J.Sm) Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37Rv
Full text linkTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and can attack various organs of the body. Transmission occurs through sputum splashes when coughing, sneezing or talking. TB treatment using antituberculosis drugs (OAT) can cause side effects that affect health. Therefore, alternative therapies from natural ingredients are needed. This study aims to explore secondary metabolites in extracts and plant fractions of Pacing (Costus speciousus, J.Sm) and determine their effectiveness against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The extraction method used is remaceration with methanol solvent. The concentrations of the samples tested varied with isoniazid positive controls. The results showed that Pacing plant extracts and fractions contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Terpenoid compounds were not detected in the samples tested. The antituberculosis test showed that the n-hexane fraction had the best anti-TB activity, although the IC50 value of the extract and fraction was still lower than isoniazid as a positive control. However, Pacing extract and fraction still have potential as very strong anti-TB agents because their IC50 values ​​are below 50 ppm
Preventive Effect of Exercise on Kidney Fibrotic Pathway in Hypertension
Full text linkUncontrolled hypertension can progress to kidney damage characterized by structural and functional changes, ultimately contributing to kidney fibrosis. Although, hypertension can be treated. However, the prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is increasing. Therefore, proper treatment is necessary. Elevated levels of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Connective Tissue Growth Factor are critical factors that are key drivers of fibrogenic pathway. Appropriate exercise can control blood pressure, renal function, and prevent kidney fibrosis due to hypertension by activating the nitric oxide signaling pathway and reducing the regulation of the TGF-β, p-Smad2/3 and CTGF. This study aims to determine the optimal type of exercise to prevent kidney fibrosis caused by hypertension. Articles used are limited to the publication year between 2018 and 2024. We analyzed the role of exercise on kidney fibrotic pathway in hypertension using PRISMA methods from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We found 7 articles and proved several significant effects of exercise on hypertension subjects. This study summarized that moderate-intensity exercise is more influential in controlling blood pressure and renal function, as well as inhibits kidney fibrosis due to hypertension
Investigating the Efficacy of Ginger and Lemon Boiled Water: A New Approach to Treating Mild Hyperemesis Gravidarum in Pregnant Women
Full text linkIn a quasi-experimental study, we investigated the impact of ginger and lemon boiled water on level 1 hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnant women. Utilizing a one-group pretest-posttest design, the study involved 20 participants who reported experiencing severe hyperemesis gravidarum symptoms. Following the intervention, the incidence of severe symptoms was reduced to zero among the participants. Statistical analysis with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a significant reduction in symptoms (p=0.001), indicating the potential of ginger and lemon boiled water as an effective non-pharmacological remedy for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. These results advocate for the inclusion of alternative therapies in health education for pregnant women and highlight the necessity of seeking professional healthcare advice when experiencing such symptoms
Exploring Synergies: Tailoring Electrical Conductivity in Novel Corn Starch and Natural Rubber Polymer Composites through Varied Carbon Additives
Full text linkConductive polymer composites were synthesized using a crosslinking method, enhancing conductivity through the incorporation of carbon additives. Non-conductive natural polymers, corn starch, and natural rubber were blended with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a crosslinking agent, enhancing polymer bonding. CMC also served as a compatibilizer, improving corn starch properties. Glycerol acted as a plasticizer, enhancing flexibility and processability. Addition of carbon nanotube (CNT), graphite, and carbon foam yielded low-density materials, with carbon foam providing optimal porosity. The crystalline properties mirrored the added conductive carbon, while the chemical structure remained unchanged. At 0.1 Hz, electrical conductivity varied: 1.192 x 10-7 S.cm-1 (no carbon), 6.123 x 10-4 S.cm-1 (CNT), 7.656 x 10-4 S.cm-1 (graphite), and 3.134 x 10-2 S.cm-1 (carbon foam). Graphite incorporation demonstrated an electrical conductivity of 7.838 x 10-4 S.cm-1. The introduced carbon additives facilitated a conductive pathway in corn starch-based polymer composites, elevating material conductivity
Assessing the Impact of Household Socioeconomic Factors on Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors with Binary Logistic Regression: A Study in Probolinggo Regency
Full text linkCHLB is a measure of livability in society. A high CHLB indicates a society that lives well. However, there is a problem in the probolinggo district that needs more effective public health interventions because of the area's fast population growth and a noticeable increase in infectious diseases. The adoption of Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors (CHLB) by Probolinggo district is the main focus of this study to find out who is still living below the applicable eligibility standards. In order to minimize the spread of infectious diseases and enhance general public health in Probolinggo Regency, policymakers and healthcare professionals are anticipated to find great value in the study's findings. It also examines the use of binary logistic regression with binary transformation all categorical variables as a supplemental technique for managing complex data relationships and enhancing predictive accuracy. In addition to addressing the pressing issues in public health, this study advances our knowledge of the socioeconomic factors that influence health in rural Indonesia
Virtual Screening and Molecular Modelling Anticancer Molecules Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4
Full text linkCancer, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, is a leading global cause of mortality. Targeting the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), holds promise for anticancer drug development. FGFR4, a specific subtype, regulates various cellular processes, making it a valuable target. In-silico methods were employed to screen 20 compounds against FGFR4 (PDB ID 5JKG) using AutoDock Version 4.2.6. The top three potential inhibitors, based on Gibbs energy (ΔG) and inhibition constant (Ki), were identified: epigallocatechin3-O-pcoumarate (ΔG = -10.46 kcal/mol; Ki = 21.37 nM), 6_deoxoteasterone (ΔG = -10.22 kcal/mol; Ki = 32.35 nM), and epigallocatechin3-O-caffeate (ΔG = -9.78 kcal/mol; Ki = 68.16 nM). ADMETOX analysis confirmed compliance with Lipinski's rules, indicating their safety. These compounds show promise as FGFR4 inhibitors, potentially as standalone therapy or in combination with other anticancer drugs
Testing the Antibacterial Activity of Red Ginger Essential Oil and Red Ginger Methanol Extract
Full text linkThe red ginger plant is a spice plant used in traditional medicine and has the potential to be antibacterial. This research aims to isolate and identify red ginger essential oil, extract red ginger, and test antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Red ginger essential oil is obtained by steam distillation, while red ginger extract is obtained using the maceration method with methanol solvent. Red ginger essential oil yielded 0.13%, and red ginger extract was 12%. The phytochemical test results of red ginger essential oil contain tannin and sopinin, while red ginger extract contains flavonoids, tannin and saponin. The results of analysis using GCMS show that there are 31 components of red ginger essential oil, with the main compounds 2-butanone-4-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl) (21.51%) and Zingerone (15.10%). The GCMS test results for red ginger methanol extract obtained 31 components, with the main components being citral (24.05%). The results of antibacterial testing of red ginger extract did not provide activity in inhibiting bacteria, whereas red ginger essential oil at a concentration of 100% provided inhibition of the growth of E. coli bacteria (14.00 ± 2.00 mm) and at a concentration of 40% for S. aureus bacteria (22.67 ± 2.31 mm)
Generalized Additive Models for Modeling Pneumonia Cases in Toddlers in West Java based on the Penalized Spline Estimator
Full text linkAcute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are one of the causes of high mortality in the world, such as pneumonia in toddlers. Pneumonia cases in West Java are high compared to other provinces. In this study, pneumonia cases will be modeled with Generalized Additive Models (GAM) based on penalized spline estimators. The optimal number of knots is determined using the full search algorithm and the optimal smoothing parameter is obtained based on the minimum Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) value of order one or two. Then, GAM parameter estimation is performed using the local scoring algorithm. Formed model based on the order, number of knots, and smoothing parameters of each predictor variable with order one, number of knots two, and optimal smoothing parameter one for , order two, number of knots three, and optimal smoothing parameter one for , and order one, number of knots two, and optimal smoothing parameter for  whose parameters were estimated by local scoring resulted in a coefficient of determination of 0.679. This indicates that 67.9% of the factors from the predictor variables affect the percentage of pneumonia cases among under-fives while the remaining 32.1% is influenced by other factors outside the model