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Ein Update für schulische Leistungsbeurteilungen: Noten für Lernende oder für KI?
Get PDFDer Beitrag greift einen im öffentlichen Diskurs wenig thematisierten Aspekt hinsichtlich der Durchdringung des Schulalltags durch Künstliche Intelligenz und dabei besonders KI-basierte Sprachmodelle auf: Die Verwendung durch Schülerinnen und Schüler zur Erstellung von Hausaufgaben. Grundsätzlich sollte die Nutzung pädagogisch begleitet und nicht mit Verboten belegt werden. Fraglos sind die erforderlichen grundlegenden Neukonzeptionen von Hausaufgaben – für manche Fächer stärker, für andere weniger – herausfordernd.The article addresses a little discussed aspect of the penetration of artificial intelligence and, in particular, AI-based language models into everyday school life: its use by pupils to do homework. In general, the use of artificial intelligence should be pedagogically supervised and not banned. There is no doubt that the necessary fundamental redesign of homework is challenging – for some subjects more so than others.
 
Important, but not Fundamental? The Protection of Social Benefits in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights and the Austrian Constitutional Court
No full textDieser Artikel beleuchtet, wie der EGMR und der VfGH zum Schutz bestehender Sozialleistungen, zum Recht auf gleichen Zugang zu Sozialleistungen und vielleicht sogar zur Schaffung eines Rechts auf ein menschenwürdiges Existenzminimum beigetragen haben. Obwohl sich keiner der beiden Gerichtshöfe auf einen Katalog sozialer Grundrechte berufen kann, haben beide grundlegende Garantien für Sozialleistungen entwickelt. Dieser Artikel zeigt, dass auch klassische Grundrechte, wie das Recht auf Eigentum und Gleichheit, zum Schutz von Sozialleistungen herangezogen werden können. Zugleich werden Ungereimtheiten in der Rechtsprechung aufgearbeitet und Wege für künftige Judikaturentwicklungen aufgezeigt.This article attempts to shed light on how both the ECtHR and the Austrian VfGH have contributed to the protection of existing social benefits, to the right to equal access to social benefits and perhaps even to the establishment of a right to a dignified minimum subsistence. Although neither Court can refer to a catalogue of fundamental social rights, both have developed case-law that provides fundamental guarantees for social benefits. This article demonstrates that even conventional fundamental rights guarantees, such as the right to property and equality, can be used to protect social benefits. Equally, however, this article identifies inconsistencies in the case-law and points the way to possible future developments
Framing Space. Determining the Meaning of Space-Related Biblical Hebrew Lexemes
No full textDieser Beitrag will die Kluft zwischen raumbezogenen Ansätzen für biblische Texte und lexikalischer Semantik überbrücken. Er führt die Frame-Semantik in die Diskussion ein, eine Theorie der kognitiven Linguistik, die bereits zur Bedeutungsermittlung biblisch-hebräischer Lexeme verwendet wurde. Als Testfall werden Verben mit den Wurzeln פרד und בדל („trennen“) untersucht. Die unterschiedlichen Bedeutungen dieser Verben werden dann den verschiedenen „Räumen“, wie sie von Lefebvre und Soja definiert wurden, zugewiesen. Der Beitrag plädiert für eine Kombination von etablierten raumbezogenen Ansätzen mit Methoden der kognitiven Linguistik.This paper intends to bridge the gap between spatial approaches to biblical texts and lexical semantics. It introduces frame semantics to the discussion, a cognitive linguistic theory which has already been used to investigate the meaning of biblical Hebrew lexemes. As a test case, verbs of the roots פרד and בדל (“separate”) are examined. The different meanings of these verbs are then assigned to the different “spaces” as defined by Lefebvre and Soja. The paper argues for a combination of established spatial approaches and methods from cognitive linguistics
„Lead, follow, or get out of the way!“ Militant Women and their Radical Traditions of Thought in the Red Power Movement, USA 1960–1980
Get PDFFemale participation in the Red Power movement, the Indigenous resistance in the USA, has long been ignored in research. At best, the women of Red Power emerged on the non-violent periphery of the militant movement of the 1960s and 1970s. This paper sheds light on the hitherto suppressed radical and militant activities of female Red Power activists by analysing analogue and borndigital sources using the analytical categories of race, gender and class. This shows that the activists explicitly included women’s concerns in the Red Power discourse, such as the fight against sterilisation forced by the US government, which particularly affected them as members of the poorest minority in the country and as Women of Colour. Furthermore, this essay, which contributes to the history of resistance movements, relates their political struggle in the Indigenous collective to their individual engagement with Western US feminist movements in the period.Female participation in the Red Power movement, the Indigenous resistance in the USA, has long been ignored in research. At best, the women of Red Power emerged on the non-violent periphery of the militant movement of the 1960s and 1970s. This paper sheds light on the hitherto suppressed radical and militant activities of female Red Power activists by analysing analogue and borndigital sources using the analytical categories of race, gender and class. This shows that the activists explicitly included women’s concerns in the Red Power discourse, such as the fight against sterilisation forced by the US government, which particularly affected them as members of the poorest minority in the country and as Women of Colour. Furthermore, this essay, which contributes to the history of resistance movements, relates their political struggle in the Indigenous collective to their individual engagement with Western US feminist movements in the period
The uterus and (the) beyond: The analogy of birth and death in baroque and 20th-century Latin American literature
No full text“Being born and dying – two actions like one”, writes Calderón de la Barca around 1650; “Life and death are but two phases – antithetical, but complementary – of a single reality”, writes Octavio Paz three and a half centuries later.
Thinking of birth and death in analogy to one another enabled these two authors and some of their contemporaries to generate literary “Lebenswissen” (Ette) and thus fill in the voids of those two events that elude our conscious experience: death and birth. The 28 text passages in the corpus of this thesis negotiate the analogy of birth and death on four thematic axes: At the level of the processual (in which direction are we born and in which direction do we die?), the surrounding (what is the setting for both birth and death?), the emotional (if we cry at birth, do we also cry at death?) and the eventfulness (what rituals accompany birth and death and what do we celebrate in the process?). Using texts from these four thematic categories, this Master’s thesis approaches the question of how the analogy of birth and death is represented in baroque and neo-baroque literature and why concrete, sensual, painful, female experience of life at certain times in certain forms of expression so strongly determines, frames and thus guides reflection on the representation and imagination of the great unknown death.
This work is based on the homonymous Master Thesis published in 2023
Los niños expósitos en la provincia de Ávila en el siglo XX
Get PDFDuring the 19th century and into the 20th century until 1970, the villages of the Alberche and Tiétar valleys were chosen by the Madrid Inclusa to house large numbers of foundlings to be raised by ‘external wet nurses’ in exchange for a modest salary.The over-mortality in the Inclusas was so great that the authorities decided to hand over the abandoned newborns to the external wet nurses in the villages of Avila to be raised until they were 5-7 years old. But although the over-mortality decreased, in reality the high mortality was transferred to the foster families and to the villages.This external fostering became a way of life to alleviate the family misery of many Avila households.A few isolated cases of incompetence and neglect obscured an overall positive picture
Offen geschlossen: Die Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie am Rosenhügel
Get PDFWunderschöne, alte Gebäude, versteckt zwischen riesigen Bäumen. Singende Vögel und keine Menschenseele. An ein Gelände einer Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie ist nicht zu denken. Die Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie am Rosenhügel war als „Nervenheilanstalt“ und später als „Neurologisches Zentrum Rosenhügel“ bekannt und geht auf die Nathaniel Freiherr von Rothschild’sche Stiftung für Nervenkranke in Wien (Abb. 1) von Nathaniel Freiherr von Rothschild zurück
Ein unbekannter römischer Ritter auf einer bekannten Inschrift in der Steiermark
No full textNeue Lesungen edierter Steininschriften sind in der epigraphischen Praxis kein ungewöhnliches Phänomen, aber nur selten werden längere Textpartien mit historisch bedeutendem Inhalt durch verbesserte Aufnahmetechniken wieder zugänglich. Einen solchen Glücksfall bietet eine Inschrift in Greith (pol. Bez. Murau, Steiermark), die dort am alten Schulhaus eingemauert ist.New readings of edited stone inscriptions are not an unusual phenomenon in epigraphic practice, but only rarely do longer text passages with historically significant content become accessible again thanks to improved recording techniques. One such stroke of luck is an inscription in Greith (pol. district of Murau, Styria), which is walled into the old schoolhouse there
«The women’s epidemic»: La mortalidad materna por fiebre puerperal en España en los siglos XIX y XX
Get PDFPuerperal infection has long been one of the most dreaded consequences of childbirth, with a high likelihood of a fatal outcome. Even today, it\u27s estimated that 10% of all maternal deaths globally result from puerperal infection. The infection, often caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes, presents with symptoms including fever, chills, abdominal pain, uterine subinvolution, diarrhea, vomiting, foul-smelling lochia, altered mental state, and even shock. If untreated, it can progress rapidly, leading to septicemia and death. Notable historical figures like Mary Wollstonecraft and Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis fell victim to this perilous condition, which prompted investigations into its causes. Early observations by figures like Alexander Gordon in the 18th century suggested a contagious nature, leading to recommendations for hygiene practices among birth attendants. Despite ancient recognition, understanding and combating puerperal fever remained elusive until modern medical advancements
Wiener Werkbundsiedlung
Get PDFDie Wiener Werkbundsiedlung als ein Katalog von Einfamilienhäusern, Doppelhäusern und Reihenhäusern begegnet uns als ein vielschichtiger Ort. Unser Ziel war es, die Wiener Werkbundsiedlung hinsichtlich ihres historischen Kontextes, ihrer besonderen Architektur und Vorreiter des sozial geförderten Wohnraums aus pädagogischer Perspektive zu betrachte