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Aviation Diplomacy and the History of (Un)Desired Mobility at Frankfurt Airport, 1945-1990s
Get PDFToday, almost every state visit begins at the airport. Yet air routes not only make diplomatic travel possible, they are also themselves at the center of diplomatic initiatives. Using the case of Frankfurt airport in the second half of the twentieth century, we examine the historical significance of air routes for diplomatic relations, as well as their unintended diplomatic consequences. Considering the airport as a national and regional border area, we understand the diplomacy surrounding air routes as border relations in which states negotiated the opening, shifting, and control of national borders. On the one hand, by highlighting the diplomatic celebrations of inaugural flights, we show that air routes were welcomed by state officials, regional representatives, and private actors as a positive and profitable means of overcoming borders. On the other hand, states regarded certain mobilities as undesirable, turning certain air routes into a kind of border violation and triggering a more problematic form of diplomacy.Today, almost every state visit begins at the airport. Yet air routes not only make diplomatic travel possible, they are also themselves at the center of diplomatic initiatives. Using the case of Frankfurt airport in the second half of the twentieth century, we examine the historical significance of air routes for diplomatic relations, as well as their unintended diplomatic consequences. Considering the airport as a national and regional border area, we understand the diplomacy surrounding air routes as border relations in which states negotiated the opening, shifting, and control of national borders. On the one hand, by highlighting the diplomatic celebrations of inaugural flights, we show that air routes were welcomed by state officials, regional representatives, and private actors as a positive and profitable means of overcoming borders. On the other hand, states regarded certain mobilities as undesirable, turning certain air routes into a kind of border violation and triggering a more problematic form of diplomacy
Hungarofuturista kísértetképzés
Get PDFIn diesem Essay werden ausgewählte Strategien der politischen Ästhetik der ungarischen futuristischen Bewegung (HUF) analysiert. Die HUF versucht, die ungarische nationale Identität angesichts der selbstkolonisierenden nationalistischen Narrative neu zu denken. Ähnlich dem Afrofuturismus ist dies eine Übung in Identitätspoetik, die auf einer radikalen Überidentifikation mit einer Minderheitenidentität aufbaut. Die mit der slowenischen IRWIN-Gruppe assoziierte Überidentifikation stellt eine ironische Aneignung der Instrumente verschiedener extremistischer Ideologien dar, die im Fall der HUF als absurde Verzerrung ungarischer Mythen und ultranationalistischer Rhetorik erscheint.This essay analyzes some strategies of the political aesthetics of the Hungarian futurist movement (HUF). The HUF attempts to rethink Hungarian national identity in the face of self-colonizing nationalist narratives. Similar to Afrofuturism, this is an exercise in identity poetics that builds on a radical over-identification with a minority identity. The over-identification associated with the Slovenian IRWIN group represents an ironic appropriation of the tools of various extremist ideologies, which in the case of the HUF appears as an absurdist distortion of Hungarian myths and ultra-nationalist rhetoric.Az esszé a hungarofuturista mozgalom (HUF) politikai esztétikájának egyes stratégiáit elemzi. A HUF a magyar nemzeti identitást próbálja az önkolonizáló nacionalista narratívákkal szemben újragondolni. Az afrofuturizmushoz hasonlóan itt is egy olyan identitáspoétikai képzeletgyakorlatról van szó, mely a kisebbségi identitással való radikális túlazonosulásra épít. A szlovén IRWIN csoporthoz köthető túlazonosulás a különböző szélsőséges ideológiák eszközkészletének ironikus kisajátítását jelenti, mely a HUF esetében a magyarságmítoszok és ultranacionalista retorika abszurdista kiforgatásaként jelenik meg
Silbeninversionssprachen in der europäischen Peripherie: : Zur segmentalen Umstellung in ruovttogiella und šatrovački
Get PDFWährend einige Sprachspiele (LUDLINGs) mit segmentaler Umstellung phonologischer Einheiten wie z.B. das französisch-basierte verlan gut beschrieben sind, ist anderen vergleichbaren Phänomenen bislang weniger Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet worden. Die Autoren untersuchen zwei dieser Sprachformen aus der europäischen Peripherie – das uralische nordsaamisch-basierte ruovttogiella sowie das slawische neuštokavisch-basierte šatrovački. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt den Mechanismen, nach denen in beiden Fällen die segmentale Umstellung vollzogen wird, wie sich Phonotaktik, Clusterbildung und -tilgung und allophonische Phänomene nach der Inversion verhalten und wie aus einsilbigen Inputs regelmäßig zweisilbige Outputs hervorgehen. Weiters wird auf das Verhältnis zwischen Phonologie und Morphologie sowie den historisch-soziolinguistischen Kontext dieser Varietäten eingegangen.While some language games (LUDLINGs) with segmental rearrangement of phonological units, such as the French-based verlan, are well described, other comparable phenomena have received less attention to date. The authors examine two of these language forms from the European periphery - the Uralic Northern Sámi-based ruovttogiella and the Slavic Neo-štokavian-based šatrovački. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms by which segmental rearrangement is carried out in both cases, how phonotactics, cluster formation and deletion and allophonic phenomena behave after inversion and how monosyllabic inputs regularly produce disyllabic outputs. Furthermore, the relationship between phonology and morphology and the historical-sociolinguistic context of these varieties are discussed
Satzmodellierung in Deutschbüchern für die 5. Schulstufe
Get PDFSchulbüchern kommt bei der Gestaltung von Unterricht hohe Bedeutung zu. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Neuauflagen der in Österreich am weitesten verbreiteten Deutschbücher für die 5. Schulstufe im Hinblick auf die satzgrammatische Modellierung. Die Analyse zeigt, dass neuere fachwissenschaftliche und grammatikdidaktische Forschungsergebnisse nur ansatzweise berücksichtigt werden und traditionelle grammatische Konzepte nach wie vor dominieren. Der neue Lehrplan (2023) und Innovationen im Bereich der germanistischen Linguistik und Sprachdidaktik scheinen zu keiner inhaltlichen Neukonzeption der Bücher im Bereich der Syntax geführt zu haben.Textbooks are of great importance for the design of school lessons. This article examines the new editions of the most widespread German textbooks in Austria for the 5th grade regarding sentence grammatical modeling. The analysis shows that newer scientific and grammatical didactic research results are only partially considered and traditional grammatical concepts still dominate. The new curriculum (2023) and innovations in German linguistics and language didactics do not appear to have led to any reconception of the content of the textbooks in the area of syntax
CALL: Pädagogische Beziehungen Jahrestagung der Kommission Professionsforschung und Lehrer:innenbildung: vom 17. bis 19. September 2025 an der Universität Kassel
Get PDFDie Jahrestagung 2025 der Kommission Professionsforschung und Lehrer:innenbildung wird zum Thema „Pädagogische Beziehungen“ vom 17. bis 19. September 2025 an der Universität Kassel stattfinden. Abstracts können bis zum 31.01.2025 eingereicht werden.The 2025 annual meeting of the Commission for Professional Research and Teacher Education will take place on the topic of “Pedagogical Relationships” from September 17th to 19th, 2025 at the University of Kassel. Abstracts can be submitted until January 31, 2025
CALL zur ÖFEB-Tagung: Pädagogisch-anthropologische Grenzziehungen – Menschenbilder in der Bildungswissenschaft: vom 11. bis 12. Juli 2025, Innsbruck. Einreichfrist: 07. Februar 2025
Get PDFDie Tagung der Sektion „Allgemeine Erziehungswissenschaft“ der „Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Forschung und Entwicklung im Bildungswesen“ (ÖFEB) unter dem Titel „Pädagogisch-anthropologische Grenzziehungen: Menschenbilder in der Bildungswissenschaft“ findet am 11. und 12. Juli 2025 an der Universität Innsbruck statt. Die Einreichfrist für die Abstracts ist der 7. Februar 2025.The conference of the „General Educational Science“ section of the „Austrian Society for Research and Development in Education“ (ÖFEB) under the title „Pedagogical-anthropological boundaries: images of human beings in educational science“ will take place on July 11th and 12th, 2025 at the University of Innsbruck . The deadline for submission is February 7, 2025
The Swords and their Semantics in the New Testament
No full textDas Neue Testament kennt die Waffen und die Waffenrüstung. Unter ihnen wird das „Schwert“ (μάχαιρα und ῥομφαία) am häufigsten erwähnt. Die Schwert-Texte findet man sowohl in den Evangelien und in der Apostelgeschichte als auch in den Briefen und in der Offenbarung des Johannes. Dieser Beitrag analysiert, in welchen Kontexten jeweils das „Schwert“ erwähnt wird und in welchem Sinn (wörtlich oder/und metaphorisch). Ebenso wird die semantische Differenzierung der beiden Begriffe μάχαιρα oder ῥομφαία im Neuen Testament untersucht. Weiter wird nach dem theologischen und christologischen Gehalt der Aussagen, Texte und Visionen über das Schwert gesucht. So zeigt sich mehrfach, dass Jesus nie mit der Hand das Schwert oder eine andere Waffe ergreift, nicht einmal bei seiner Gefangennahme. Er verzichtet auf die Mittel der Gewalt und fordert dazu auch seine Nachfolger:innen auf. Die einzige Waffe, die er metaphorisch gebraucht, ist das „Schwert aus seinem Mund“, das Wort Gottes, das eine unzerstörbare Kraft hat.The New Testament knows of weapons and armor. Among these, the “sword” (μάχαιρα and ῥομφαία) is mentioned most frequently. Such “sword”-texts can be found in the Gospels, in Acts, and in the letters and Revelation. This article analyses the contexts in which swords are mentioned and in what sense (literally and/or metaphorically). It will also investigate the semantic differentiation of the two terms μάχαιρα or ῥομφαία in the New Testament. Furthermore, the theological and Christological significance of the sayings, texts, and visions about the sword is examined. It is evident on several occasions that Jesus never takes up a sword or any other weapon with his hand, not even when he is taken prisoner. He renounces the use of violence and calls on his followers to do the same. The only weapon he metaphorically takes up is the “sword from his mouth”, the Word of God with its indestructible power
Sarah Thomasson: The Festival Cities of Edinburgh and Adelaide.: Cham: Palgrave Macmillan/Springer Nature 2022. ISBN: 978-3-031-09093-6. 220 Seiten, € 109,99.
No full textIn 2003, Karen Fricker, theatre critic and professor at Brock University in Canada, observed that "[f]estivals are a complex, and undertheorized, field within theatre studies." (Fricker 2003, p. 79) She argues further that "little work has been done within the academy to analyze the ways that contemporary festivals function, and the meanings they contain and disseminate" (ibid.). Sarah Thomasson\u27s 2022 publication The Festival Cities of Edinburgh and Adelaide makes an important contribution to filling this research gap. By locating her research at the intersection of Theatre and Performance Studies and Cultural Geography, Thomasson develops an interdisciplinary framework for Festival Studies that can be expanded to other festival cities like Edmonton, Grahamstown, or Avignon.
Broadly speaking, The Festival Cities of Edinburgh and Adelaide explores how festivals materially and discursively shape and are shaped by the urban environment of their host cities. In the wake of World War II, the Edinburgh International Festival (EIF) was established to redefine a European (cultural) identity by presenting theatre, opera, dance, music, film, and visual art. Even before the inaugural event, the EIF was confronted with criticism by local artists for the lacking representation of Scottish productions, which provoked a fringe movement (EFF) from the very first edition. The Adelaide Festival was established through cooperation between civic authorities and local businesses in 1960 and modelled on the EIF. Comparable to the EFF, the fringe movement in Adelaide developed spontaneously in opposition to the conservative programming choices of the Adelaide Festival. Today, the two case-study cities host a plethora of different arts events: for instance, Adelaide Writers\u27 Week and WOMADelaide within Adelaide\u27s "Mad March", and the Edinburgh International Book Festival and Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo on the opposite side of the globe in August.
In each chapter different key moments, controversies, and debates sparked by the Edinburgh and Adelaide festivals are examined over the past ten years. These discursive, inherently performative events "spilled out beyond the festivals\u27 performance spaces, […] intersected with broader concerns and activated the public sphere" (p. 27). The book moves beyond the analysis of individual theatre performances, complies with Ric Knowles\u27 perception of festivals as "meta-performance" or, in other words, "cultural performance that embeds other performances within itself" (Knowles 2020, p. 2), and reads the festivals as performances of the city, sites of contestation that foreground urban tensions and conflicting interests.
The first chapter entitled "The Place Myth of the Festival City" narrates the urban histories of Adelaide and Edinburgh and investigates how the Festival City place myth has developed in the different local contexts. Throughout the book, Thomasson is cautious to also contextualise the two cities\u27 differences in order to avoid "reiterating colonial narratives in which a European cultural phenomenon is transplanted unaltered into a postcolonial setting" (p. 2). She notes, for instance, that Edinburgh\u27s residents have historically had an "antagonistic relationship with the EIF", while "Adelaide has embraced its festival—declaring itself the capital of the \u27Festival State\u27" (p. 20). The chapter proceeds from the observation that the international arts festivals of Edinburgh and Adelaide "pre-date the emergence of urban entrepreneurialism in the 1980s and the widespread adoption of creative cities discourses in the 2000s" (p. 18). The Festival City place myth is considered "a symbolic image that has grown out of the international reputation of these cultural events" (p. 71). More recently, however, "it has been harnessed within place promotion to serve particular agendas" (p. 71). Festivalisation is pursued as an urban entrepreneurial strategy today to achieve economic growth and create a positive city image. City authorities, motivated by the need for place promotion, cultural tourism, and the multiplier effect for local businesses, actively promote the Festival City place myth.
This place myth is taken up in the following chapter. "Culture Wars: The Festivalisation of Public Space" investigates local resistance to the place myth and conflicts within place-making narratives. Thomasson applies concepts proposed by geographers like Don Mitchel, David Harvey, and Andrew Smith to analyse conflicts over the right to use and define public urban space and picks out two exemplary events: The Adelaide festivals in March 2012 overlapped with the Clipsal 500 V8 supercar race, whereupon the open-air concert by Ennio Morricone and the Adelaide Symphony Orchestra at the festival\u27s opening night was disturbed by the sound of V8 engines from the nearby racetrack; and, in 2018, the construction of high black boards for the Edinburgh Summer Sessions, a ticketed concert of popular music, not only obscured the views of the concert, but also of Edinburgh Castle, and blocked residents\u27 access to West Princes Street Gardens, which led to a debate over the commercialisation of public space. Thomasson argues, "Increased competition from the global proliferation of arts festivals and other urban events […] undermines this monopoly rent and contributes external pressure to the sustainability of the Festival City place myth" (p. 83). The chapter demonstrates the benefits of extending the analytical framework and understanding festivals as performance (see Knowles\u27 notion of "meta-performance", as cited above). Performative events that "spilled out beyond the festivals\u27 performance spaces" (p. 27) foreground urban tensions by putting competing agencies in friction with each other. The two exemplary events activated debate in the public sphere on topics like the eventification and commodification of public space.
In the following chapter "Entrepreneurialism on the Fringe", Thomasson unmasks the fringe festivals\u27 open-access policy and reliance on the precarious labour of artist-participants as key tenets of neoliberalism. Economic liberalism implicitly erodes fringe festivals\u27 values of accessibility, equality, and artistic freedom, and forces artist-participants to become creative entrepreneurs in order to survive in the competitive environment. Thomasson identifies the paradox at the very heart of open-access fringe festivals: "On the one hand, [the Fringe] grew out of opposition to the inherent elitism and agenda of an invitation-only festival, but on the other, this same artistic freedom appears to lend itself easily to the promotion of free-market competition and the potential for individual artists to incur high levels of personal debt" (p. 128). By analysing the dangers of open-access as an economic model and the delusive rhetoric of endless growth – debates sparked by artists like Stewart Lee at the EFF in 2012, Alexis Dubus at the Adelaide Fringe in 2016, and the Fair Fringe Campaign in 2017 – the chapter investigates how open-access fringe festivals normalise and reinforce neoliberal ideology. Luckily, Thomasson does not stop here, but continues by observing and suggesting interventions and future directions at open-access fringe festivals like the cooperation with local authorities to cut participation costs, remove the pressure for perpetual growth, improve the accessibility for artists and audiences, create opportunities for future presentation of shows beyond the festival, and reduce the event\u27s carbon footprint.
The chapter "Performing Nation: Revisionist Histories on the World Stage" examines how international arts festivals function as sites for national identity formation by presenting the nation in the context of a global arts market. In her analysis of two festival productions that engage with national history – Rona Munro\u27s The James Plays and Andrew Bovell\u27s stage adaptation of The Secret River – Thomasson demonstrates that "festivals provide a space for debating questions of national belonging and identity that are of central concern within the public sphere" (p. 167). She also advocates to provide more opportunities for Indigenous-led productions as important steps in the process of decolonialisation and reconciliation.
The conclusion entitled "Looking Beyond the Pandemic" explores the festivals\u27 responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and its irrevocable impact on performing arts festivals, relying on travel, interaction, and co-presence. The Edinburgh\u27s 2020 summer festivals were cancelled for the first time in their history; the Adelaide festivals continued by complying to health and safety regulations. Thomasson concludes that restrictions on social gathering during the pandemic have "reinforced the importance of face-to-face contact and the need for the carnivalesque celebration that these modern, urban social rituals provide, even in their most commercialised forms" (p. 1). The chapter offers a valuable documentation of how the Edinburgh and Adelaide festivals experienced the pandemic in 2020 and 2021, by also comparing the different impact on the international arts festivals and their fringe counterparts. Especially for the latter, the reduction in scale due to COVID-19 has shown that "a smaller fringe is not necessarily a negative and can in fact improve the fringe experience for audience and artist alike" (p. 209).
All in all, The Festival Cities of Edinburgh and Adelaide offers a convincing interdisciplinary and transnational approach for Festival Studies. The compelling case-study analyses of different performative events provide the opportunity to explore local and national concerns as well as current debates on a broader level. Thomasson proposes an expedient methodological framework to analyse festivals\u27 institutional structure as well as their role in local economies, place promotion, and the construction of national identities, which can be taken as inspiration for research projects on other international arts festivals and their fringe counterparts.
Literature:
Fricker, Karen: "Tourism, The Festival Marketplace and Robert Lepage\u27s The Seven Streams of the River Ota". In: Contemporary Theatre Review 13/4, 2003, pp. 79–93.
Knowles, Ric: "Introduction". In: The Cambridge Companion to International Theatre Festivals. Ed. by Ric Knowles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2020, pp. 1–12
Research Organisation and Research Strategies at Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS) in the Tension Triangle between Politics, Researchers, and Internal Decision Makers: A Case Study Example of the IMC Krems in Austria
No full textDiese Studie analysiert die Bedingungen und Besonderheiten der Forschungsaktivitäten an Fachhochschulen (FHs) in Österreich mit einem Schwerpunkt auf den unterschiedlichen Interessen und Anforderungen verschiedener Interessengruppen. Unter Verwendung einer umfassenden Literaturanalyse wurde ein Fallstudienansatz gewählt, um Informationen über die aktuellen und zukunftsbezogenen Präferenzen und Erwartungen verschiedener Interessengruppen an FHs zu sammeln und mögliche Lücken oder widersprüchliche Anforderungen zu identifizieren, die in einer umfassenden Forschungsstrategie berücksichtigt werden müssen. Leitfadenbasierte Interviews mit Expertinnen und Experten, dem Management und Forschenden an der IMC Krems Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften wurden durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der FH-Sektor dynamisch und kompetitiv ist und einen starken Schwerpunkt auf angewandte Forschung und Lehraktivitäten legt. FHs zeichnen sich durch eine breite Palette von Forschungsthemen mit mäßiger relativer Spezialisierung und eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit lokalen Interessengruppen aus. Da keine Basisfinanzierung für Forschung an FHs besteht, wird die Forschung größtenteils durch Drittmittel oder Auftragsforschung finanziert. Entsprechend den gesetzlichen Anforderungen des Fachhochschulgesetzes (FHG) liegt der Fokus der Forschung auf der Anwendungsorientierung. Die größten Chancen werden in Promotionsrechten für den FH-Sektor und eine Basisfinanzierung durch die Bundesregierung gesehen, um mehr themenoffene Forschung zu ermöglichen. Die Ergebnisse sollten FHs dazu ermutigen, ihre Forschungsorganisation kritisch zu bewerten und sie mit ihrer Kernmission in Einklang zu bringen: Lehre und angewandte Forschung.This study examines the circumstances and unique features of research activity at Austrian Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS), highlighting the various demands and interests of various stakeholders. Utilizing a case study approach based on an extensive literature review, data was gathered regarding the preferences and expectations of various UAS stakeholders, both present and future, in order to identify any gaps or conflicting needs that need to be taken into account in an all-encompassing research strategy. Guideline-based interviews with experts, the management board and researchers at the IMC Krems were conducted.
The findings demonstrate how competitive and dynamic the UAS sector is, with a focus on applied research and teaching activities. UAS are characterised by a relatively broad range of research topics with moderate relative specialisation, application orientation and close collaboration with local stakeholders. The majority of research funding at UAS comes from third-party funds or commis-sioned research, because the institution lacks basic research financing. Main opportunities for UAS are seen in dissertation rights for this sector and basic funding from the federal government to have more open-topic research. The findings of this study should encourage UAS to critically evaluate their research organisation and align it with their core mission: teaching and applied research