Mejiro University Repository / 目白大学リポジトリ
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Survey on the introduction of powered toothbrushes in residential aged care facilities
pdfdepartmental bulletin pape
Sustainable development goal initiatives at nursing universities: the current state of information dissemination on home pages
pdf《目的》国連が主導しているSDGsは、2030年までに国際社会が達成すべき17のゴールと169のターゲットが示されている。大学教育においては、様々な人に学ぶ場を提供し、地域連携を行いながら社会貢献を既に行ってきている。日本でも多くの大学がSDGsの目標達成に向けて活動が広がりつつある。そんな中、看護系大学のおける看護教育の内容の多くがSDGsの目標達成に関連する内容と言って過言でない。看護系大学において、実際行っている教育とSDGsの関連について、社会に発信しているのかを明らかにする。
《方法》全国の看護系大学のHP(Home Page 以下HP)から学科紹介において、SDGsに関する記載を確認する。総合大学の場合は大学紹介において、SDGsに関する記載を確認する。
《結果》看護系大学290校について、大学紹介のHPにSDGsの記載があった大学は、国立大学42校中23校、公立大学50校中6校、私立198校中24校であった。看護学科のHPにSDGsの記載があった大学は1校であった。
《結論》看護教育全体がSDGsと関係していることを認識していても、SDGs目標達成に向けての活動としてHPを活用し、社会にPRしている大学はほとんど見られなかった。看護系大学においてSDGsに対する新たな取り組みを探すのではなく、現在行っている教育をSDGsのゴールに紐ついていることを社会に周知するようHP等の活用が必要である。Purpose: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations include 17 goals and 169 targets to be achieved by the international community by 2030. University educators are already contributing to society by providing various people with a place to learn and by collaborating with local communities. In Japan, many universities are expanding their activities to achieve the SDGs. It is no exaggeration to say that the content of nursing education at nursing universities is entirely related to achieving the SDGs. We set out to clarify whether nursing universities are aware of the relationship between the education they are actually providing and the SDGs.
Methods: At the websites of nursing universities nationwide, departmental introductions were checked for descriptions of the SDGs on their home pages (HPs). In the case of comprehensive universities, each university’s introduction on its HP was checked for descriptions of the SDGs.
Results: Of 290 nursing universities, 23 of 42 national universities, 6 of 50 public universities, and 24 of 198 private universities listed SDGs in the introduction on their website. At only one university’s website did the nursing department’s introduction describe the SDGs.
Conclusions: Although many institutions recognize that nursing education as a whole is related to the SDGs, no university is promoting its activities to achieve the SDGs. Instead of seeking new SDG initiatives, nursing universities must make use of their websites and other outreach to inform society about how the education currently being provided is linked to the SDGs.departmental bulletin pape
Awareness and perception of Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation in video-based reflections by third-year preclinical clerkship occupational therapy students: Preliminary investigation
pdf《緒言》実習前OSCE(客観的臨床能力試験)でこれまで評価者の評価コメントと学生が得た印象を元にフォローアップを行ってきたが、学生が自己の課題に気づきにくい課題があった。
《目的》OSCE後にビデオを活用したリフレクションを行い、学生が自己の課題に気づく程度や内容、この方法への学生の捉え方を知り、実施法や課題を検討した。
《方法》総合臨床実習前3年次学生56名に対し、ビデオを活用したリフレクションの目的や利点を説明、対象学生を募り、同意を得た20名(35.7%)を対象とした。OSCE終了後、学生は①自分の課題に気づいた程度を回答、②自己の試験動画を視聴、③視聴して気づいたことの程度や内容を回答、④グループ討議をおこなった。
《結果》ビデオを活用したリフレクション後、学生の気づきの自覚は10%増加した。その内容は自身の行動特徴や態度が多かったが、技能面は少なかった。対象学生からは、この方法は自分の課題に気づきやすく導入して欲しいという意見が多かったが、学生全員に実施することには慎重な意見があった。
《考察》OSCE後のビデオを活用したリフレクションは振り返りを深めるため有用と思われたが、有効な振り返り方等をさらに検討する必要がある。Introduction: We had conducted objective structured clinical evaluation (OSCE) follow-up based on evaluator comments and student impressions, but students found self-reflection about their own difficulties to be hard.
Purpose: Could video-based reflection (VR) after OSCE make students more aware of their own difficulties, and might students perceive some potential usefulness in the VR method?
Methods: We explained the purpose and advantages of VR to 56 students awaiting fieldwork. Cooperative students were recruited, and 20 gave consent for the study. After OSCE, participants were asked to (1) determine their awareness of their difficulties, (2) watch an OSCE video, (3) document the degree and content of their awareness of their difficulties after VR, and (4) participate in a group discussion.
Results: Student awareness increased by ten percentage points from step 1 to step 3. Most student reflections addressed their own behavioral characteristics and attitudes; a few were about skills. Students indicated that VR makes self-awareness easier and wanted to have VR introduced, but they were cautious about using VR for all students.
Discussion: VR after OSCE might be useful for deepening reflection, but further examination of this method of prompting reflection is necessary.departmental bulletin pape
Factors affecting expert witness’ credibility
pdf本研究では,証人出廷時の鑑定人に対する信用性に影響を及ぼす要因を模索することを目的として,インターネットによるパネル調査を実施した(588名の男性,459名の女性,平均値44.7歳(標準偏差9.60))。調査に際しては,ある殺人事件の仮想裁判に裁判員として参加し,「DNA型鑑定」あるいは「ポリグラフ検査」を行った鑑定人がこの裁判に証人出廷するといったシナリオを想定して実施した。調査対象者は,いずれかの鑑定群に割り振られ,鑑定人が有する特徴30項目に対してどの程度信用できるか信用性の評価をもとめた。探索的因子分析(EFA)の結果によると,両群ともに2つの因子(「熟練度」因子と「覚束なさ」因子)が抽出された。「熟練度」因子は,「鑑定経験年数が10年程度である」,「今までに1,000件程度の鑑定経験がある」といった観測変数の背景となりうる因子である。それに対して,「覚束なさ」因子とは,「見た目に清潔感がない」,「下を向いて話す」などの観測変数に関連する因子である。さらに,多母集団同時分析(MGA)を実施したところ,「DNA型鑑定」群と「ポリグラフ検査」群の間に,因子平均のみ違いがみられ,鑑定種別による信用性の違いを示唆した。This study investigated factors affecting the credibility of expert witnesses through an Internet-based, self-administered questionnaire survey. Respondents were 588 men and 459 women (Mean Age = 44.7 years, SD = 9.60). This study assumed the respondents were participating in a murder trial as lay judges and divided into either two scenario groups: One group read an explanation that a “DNA test" has been conducted in the case while the other to a “Polygraph test". A questionnaire was composed of 30 items on the expert witness's characteristics. The credibility in each item were rated by respondents in both groups. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted two factors: the expert witness's “Skill level" and “Uncertainty". The Skill level formed the background to “ten years as a career" and “made a thousand cases until today", amongst others. By contrast, the Uncertainty factor was related to “not neat and tidy" and “looking down while explaining", amongst others. Furthermore, multiple-group analysis (MGA) indicated only a difference in factor means between the DNA and Polygraph test groups.departmental bulletin pape
Effects of musical expression by preschool teachers on the musical expression of children
pdfIn childcare and early childhood education, teachers routinely perform various "musical expressions" such as singing, playing, dancing with music, and acting. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of musical expression by preschool teachers on the musical expression of children as ascertained by the preschool teachers themselves. The teachers examined both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of expression and reported the following effects: those related to “an ability to learn,” “personality,” etc., namely “psychological effects,” and “music education-type effects.” We also found that the musical expression by said teachers served as motivation for the children to express themselves musically.departmental bulletin pape