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CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN RELATION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELECT JURISDICTIONS AND VIETNAM
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI) has become widespread in social life, bringing many benefits and profoundly changing how people work and live. However, alongside its positive values, AI also creates significant risks, especially when exploited to commit crimes, posing challenges to the legal system, particularly criminal law. Despite this, most countries have yet to recognize AI as an independent subject of criminal responsibility. Determining criminal responsibility for AI therefore becomes a complex legislative issue in the context of digital transformation. This article examines international experiences and uses a comparative legal approach to assess the necessity of imposing criminal liability on AI. The article concludes that rather than granting AI legal personhood or treating it as a criminal actor, it is more appropriate to assign criminal liability to the human or corporate actors who develop, deploy, or operate AI systems. This ensures the core principles of modern criminal law, the stability of the legal system, and enhances adaptability to technological advancements
IMAGINARIOS URBANOS, IDENTIDAD Y ENTRETENIMIENTO. NARRATIVAS DE LAS ELITES EMPRESARIALES Y GUBERNAMENTALES CON RESPECTO AL GRAN PREMIO DE MÉXICO
No full textEn este mundo global cada vez cobra más importancia espectáculos de entretenimiento masivo fuera de casa como los asociados a la Formula 1, la máxima categoría del automovilismo deportivo a nivel mundial, que conforman en sí misma una cosmovisión y con sus propias formas de vida. Así con base al Método de la Hermenéutica Profunda se analiza la cultura conformada por las elites empresariales y gubernamentales, y el modo en el que se manifiesta en prácticas concretas que constituyen un punto de partida crucial para comprender el acontecer sociocultural y las relaciones que se entretejen entre sujetos, grupos, e instituciones en el Gran Premio de México. Este estudio donde se interrelacionen interdisciplinariamente el Urbanismo, la Antropología y la Estética, es resultado de una interpretación etnográfica de la vida durante de este magno evento, un análisis sociohistórico y análisis discursivo a través de entrevistas y distintas fuentes documentales, tiene como propósito aprehender las narrativas y las identidades de tales sujetos, grupos e instituciones, así como sus marcos interpretativos en torno a la realidad política y social. Para ello se entiende en principio a los imaginarios urbanos como representaciones simbólicas colectivas de la ciudad, comprendida como el espacio público, a la cultura como un conjunto de formas simbólicas objetivadas, actualizadas y subjetivadas, que a su vez conforman las características que son reconocidas por los miembros de una colectividad como parte de la identidad que los distingue y los diferencia de otras colectividades; y al entretenimiento como un estado dentro del tiempo libre regulado por las industrias de la cultura. De forma que la importancia de este trabajo radica en que es una contribución al conjunto de saberes, valores y orientaciones que conforman el universo simbólico de las clases hegemónicas de la sociedad mexicana asociadas a la celebración del Gran Premio de México a partir de los emosignificados de los productos culturales, prácticas e imaginarios urbanos, que producen considerando su dimensión estética desde un enfoque complejo, aspectos que forman parte de su originalidad. Estos conocimientos fungen como guía para la interpretación y comprensión del mundo de la vida y las subjetividades creadas en torno a este evento automovilístico de clase mundial, basadas en intereses y proyectos sociopolíticos elites del sexenio pasado, que están en disputa en la actualidad con aquellos impulsados por la elite gubernamental actual
SCREENING AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF POST-CRANIOTOMY ASSOCIATED BETA-HEMOLYTIC PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND MODULATION OF BACTERICIDAL POTENCY OF DIFFERENT ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS AGAINST THESE ISOLATES
No full textBackground: Post-craniotomy neurosurgical infections pose a major challenge in everyday neurosurgery, impacting patient recovery and adding financial strain on healthcare systems. Even with improvements in surgical methods and infection prevention measures, these infections continue to lead to complications and deaths related to surgery. Objective: Screening and isolation of pathogenic strains from Post- craniotomy infections and sensitivity assessment against different antibacterial agents. Method: Collected samples were streaked onto Nutrient Agar medium and isolated colonies were streaked for pure culture. Pure cultures were subjected to Blood Agar Test for isolation of pathogenic bacteria (beta-hemolytic strains) from infections. Molecular characterization was done to confirm and identify the pathogenic strain and accession number was obtained by nucleotide blast at NCBI site. Sensitivity of pathogenic strains against antibiotics and plant extracts was checked and zone of inhibition was measured. ONE WAY ANOVA was applied for statistical analysis and Tuckey’s PostHoc test for comparison. P>0.05 was set as significant. Results: P. aeruginosa exhibited resistance against Erythromycin while B. subtilis showed sensitivity against Erythromycin with 21.56±0.06 zone of inhibition, Levofloxacin exhibited maximum antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with 19.97±0.12 and 16.36±0.04 zone of inhibition exhibited by B. subtilis against Levofloxacin. Gentamicin, showed moderate antibacterial activity against both P. aeruginosa and B subtilis with 15.78±0.02 and 13.51±0.07 zone of inhibition, respectively, but antibiotics exhibited non-significant difference with p>0.05. Both P. aeruginosa and B subtilis, showed sensitivity against plant extracts and plant extracts showed significant difference with p<0.05, C. zeylanicum exhibited maximum 18.77±0.09 and 15.26±0.31 zone of inhibition against B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Z. jujube showed minimum but antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition 7.98±0.09 and 7.66±0.44 against P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis, respectively. Both P. aeruginosa and B subtilis showed intermediate sensitivity against E. cardamomum with zone of inhibition 10.11±0.13 and 12.13±0.08, respectively. Conclusion: The current study concludes that antibacterial agents should be used instead of antibiotics against microbes, as excessive use of antibiotics leads to side effects and their continuous use also contributes to microbial resistance
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF EMOTIONAL LABOR IN THE EFFECT OF WORK COMMITMENT ON JOB PERFORMANCE AND INTENTION TO QUIT
No full textThis study determines the mediating role of emotional labor in the effect of work commitment on job performance and intention to quit. Conducted in Antalya’s hospitality sector, In the literature review section, the concepts of work engagement (independent variable), job performance and turnover intention (dependent variables), and emotional labor (mediating variable) are defined along with their sub-dimensions. Furthermore, previous studies examining the relationships between these variables were reviewed, and explanatory information regarding their results was presented. SEM was employed to test research hypotheses, treating emotional labor through its sub-dimensions and other variables as unidimensional constructs. The SEM results revealed a positive relationship between work commitment and job performance, surface acting, and deep acting, while showing a negative relationship with intention to quit. Surface acting and deep acting partially mediate the effect of work commitment on job performance and intention to quit, though no significant relationship was found between surface acting and job performance
EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF AI-DRIVEN LEARNING ANALYTICS ON PERSONALIZED FEEDBACK IN BLENDED HIGHER EDUCATION COURSES: EVIDENCE FROM NANJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY, CHINA
No full textThe swift integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Learning Analytics (LA) in higher education has opened the new opportunities to provide personalized feedback in scale blended learning. Nonetheless, the currently available literature is mostly focused on the efficiency of technologies and does not focus much on how students perceive and respond to AI-generated feedback. This paper examines the impacts of learning analytics powered by AI in the context of personalized feedback in blended classes of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at Nanjing Normal University, China. The study applies a convergent mixed-methods design, which involves the quantitative analysis of LMS log data, surveys, and structural equation modeling along with qualitative analysis of feedback threads and semi-structured interviews with students and instructors. The article investigates the effects of AI-generated feedback on student engagement and feedback uptake, and academic performance, with the mediating impact of feedback literacy and a moderating effect of instructor mediation. The findings indicate that adaptive and personalized AI feedback is a significant way of stimulating behavioral engagement, increasing the use of feedback, and leading to improved learning results. Qualitative findings also indicate that the efficacy of AI feedback is determined by its specificity, actionability, and pedagogical relevance besides the ability of students to interpret feedback and the role of instructors in contextualizing it. The study, in general, points to the idea of AI-based feedback as a human-based pedagogical instrument instead of a strictly technological one, with valuable implications to the scalable and equitable application of AI in educational institutions
LA MUJER RURAL Y LA REFORMA AGRARIA EN COLOMBIA: DESAFÍOS Y PERSPECTIVAS
Get PDFEste artículo analiza el papel de la reforma agraria en la inclusión de las mujeres rurales en Colombia, identificando avances, limitaciones y desafíos para consolidar un desarrollo rural equitativo. A partir de una revisión documental de fuentes normativas, informes institucionales y literatura académica, se examina el impacto de las políticas de redistribución y formalización de tierras, el acceso a recursos productivos y la participación en la gobernanza rural. La incorporación del enfoque en función de género acompañado de una perspectiva interseccional es fundamental para resolver las condiciones particulares que enfrentan las mujeres que viven en ruralidad, en especial aquellas pertenecientes a comunidades campesinas, indígenas o afrodescendientes. De manera que, se plantean medidas orientadas a brindar garantía jurídica, prevenir situaciones de violencia, promover el fortalecimiento de las capacidades económicas; aspectos que son considerados ejes centrales de una reforma agraria con vocación transformadora. Cómo resultado del trabajo, pudimos llegar a la conclusión que es imprescindible el trabajo mancomunado y multiestructural entre los actores involucrados en esta convergencia social, el estado, las comunidades locales y la sociedad en sí, para que efectivamente se garantice la inclusión y participación de la mujer en el campo, para que de esta manera se creen y materialicen estrategias sistémicas que sean eficientes y perduren
RETHINKING RESTORATIVE JUSTICE FOR JUVENILE OFFENDERS IN INDONESIA: TOWARD A BEST-INTEREST-OF-THE-CHILD FRAMEWORK
Get PDFA child\u27s growth period requires consistent supervision and guidance from their surroundings, especially their parents. However, in the practice of law enforcement in Indonesia, children in conflict with the law are often treated like miniature adults. Legal proceedings against children, especially those who have committed crimes punishable by seven years or more of imprisonment, often ignore the principle of the best interests of the child as mandated in the juvenile justice system. This situation raises legal issues related to the retributive rather than restorative nature of law enforcement. This study aims to analyze whether the concept of Restorative Justice can be applied in the settlement of cases involving children facing criminal penalties of seven years or more, as well as how the mechanism for its application works within the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia. The research method used was the normative juridical method, with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. Data was obtained through a literature study of relevant legislation, legal literature, and court decisions. The results of the study show that the application of Restorative Justice can be an alternative solution that complements the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia, including for juvenile offenders who face seven years or more of imprisonment. Through a diversion mechanism based on the principles of Restorative Justice, the process of resolving juvenile cases can be transferred from the criminal to the non-criminal track through mediation and negotiation involving the perpetrator, victim, family, community, and law enforcement officials. This approach has proven to better guarantee the protection of children\u27s rights, restore social relationships, and prioritize the best interests of the child compared to the conventional approach of punishment
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND SOCIAL CONCERN IN BLOOD DONATION
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze how social media and social concern influence repeat blood donation behavior through trust, from a social marketing perspective, in supporting SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being and sustainable blood supply systems in Indonesia and Malaysia. Methodology: The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the assistance of SmartPLS software. Findings: Social concern and social media have a significant direct effect on repeat blood donation behavior, also significant indirect effect on repeat blood donation through trust as a mediating variable. These results highlight the strategic role of social marketing approaches, whereby social media functions not only as an information channel but also as a marketing tool to strengthen donor relationships, enhance institutional trust, and encourage long-term donor retention. Research limitations: the study focused only on social media, social concern, and trust, while other factors that may influence repeat blood donation—such as personal health conditions, service quality, or previous donation experiences—were not examined. Practical implications: These results offer strategic insights for the Indonesian Red Cross and the Malaysian National Blood Centre to optimize social media utilization through social marketing and relationship marketing strategies, strengthen public trust, and leverage social concern as a motivational driver for long-term donor retention. Social implications: These strategies contribute to the sustainability of blood supply systems by integrating social marketing and relationship marketing approaches, and support the achievement of SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being). Originality/value: This study offers a novel integrated model of social media, social concern, and trust in explaining repeat blood donation behavior in Indonesia and Malaysia, contributing to sustainable blood supply management and SDG 3
THE EFFECT OF JOB DEMAND, QUALITY OF WORK LIFE, AND PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT ON WORK ENGAGEMENT WITH SELF-DETERMINATION AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE ON CORRECTIVE INSTITUTION EMPLOYEES IN INDONESIA
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the influence of Job Demand (JD), Quality of Work Life (QWL), and Perceived Organizational Support (POS) on Work Engagement (WE), with Self-Determination (SD) as a mediating variable on Correctional Institution employees throughout Indonesia. The background of this study is the central role of work engagement in improving organizational performance, especially in high-demand work environments such as Correctional Institutions. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method involving 397 samples. The results of direct analysis show a positive and significant influence of Job Demand, Quality of Work Life, and Self-Determination on Work Engagement. In addition, Job Demand, Quality of Work Life, and Perceived Organizational Support all have a positive and significant influence on Self-Determination. Self-Determination also has a positive and significant influence on Work Engagement. In the mediation pathway, Self-Determination is proven to positively and significantly mediate the influence of Job Demand on Work Engagement. Similarly, mediating self-determination has a positive and significant effect on Quality of Work Life towards Work Engagement, as well as mediating the positive and significant effect of Perceived Organizational Support towards Work Engagement. These findings overall strengthen that self-determination is an important psychological mechanism that transforms work conditions into high work engagement. This study provides significant theoretical and practical meaning. Theoretically, this study contextualizes the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) models in a unique and challenging employee population. Practically, Correctional Institution management is recommended to invest in programs that strengthen a supportive work culture, recognition of contributions, and interpersonal development to effectively increase employee work engagement
ANALYSIS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS\u27 PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST DATA AND RESEARCH ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM REFORM
Get PDFThis study collected standardized physical fitness test data from 28,290 college students and conducted an in-depth analysis using a complete data preprocessing pipeline and machine learning algorithms. First, missing values were imputed and outliers were processed, followed by standardization. Principal component analysis (PCA) was then applied for dimensionality reduction, and the K-means clustering algorithm was used, with the optimal number of clusters (K=2) determined by the silhouette coefficient method. The data analysis revealed significant group differences in students\u27 physical fitness, particularly in strength and cardiorespiratory endurance. Based on these findings, a 16-week teaching reform experiment was conducted at Guangzhou Huashang College, incorporating weak test items into the curriculum. The results showed that the pass rate for male students\u27 pull-ups increased by 23.34 percentage points (p<0.01), and the standing long jump improved by 25 percentage points (p<0.01). Female students also demonstrated significant improvements in related indicators. This study validates the effectiveness of data-driven physical education reform and provides actionable pathways for college physical education programs