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LAWFUL RIGHTS AND LEGITIMATE INTERESTS OF CITIZENS IN THE MERGER OF ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS: VIETNAMESE LAW AND PRACTICE IN HO CHI MINH CITY
No full textIn the context of globalization and ongoing state modernization, the merger and reorganization of administrative units have become central components of administrative reform in Viet Nam. These reforms aim to streamline the state apparatus, enhance governance efficiency, and improve public service delivery. However, beyond their organizational objectives, administrative mergers generate significant legal and social implications, particularly regarding the protection of citizens’ lawful rights and legitimate interests. Although the Vietnamese legal framework—grounded in the 2013 Constitution and the Law on the Organization of Local Government—provides a formal basis for adjusting administrative boundaries, it primarily focuses on structural and managerial criteria such as population size and territorial standards. Mechanisms specifically designed to safeguard citizens’ rights during transitional periods remain limited. In practice, the merger of district- and commune-level units may directly affect residency rights, civil registration procedures, access to public services, land-use and property rights, and the exercise of complaint and denunciation mechanisms. Without adequate safeguards, such reforms risk undermining legal certainty and continuity in the enjoyment of fundamental rights. The implementation experience in Ho Chi Minh City illustrates the multidimensional challenges of administrative restructuring in a densely populated and rapidly urbanizing environment. Changes in administrative nomenclature and boundaries have required residents to update personal documents and adjust to reorganized public service systems. Transitional inconsistencies have at times created procedural burdens, disrupted access to administrative services, and generated uncertainty in land management and urban planning. Vulnerable groups, including migrants and economically disadvantaged residents, may face disproportionate difficulties during these transitions. Moreover, consultation and participation mechanisms, although formally provided for by law, often remain limited in substantive effectiveness, thereby affecting public trust and the perceived legitimacy of reform policies. From a comparative perspective, international experiences—particularly within the European Union, Japan, and South Korea—demonstrate that successful administrative mergers are typically accompanied by robust rights-impact assessments, meaningful community consultation, transitional protection measures, and transparency in decision-making. These approaches align with broader principles of good governance and international human rights standards, which emphasize participation, accountability, and legal certainty. Based on legal analysis and practical observations, several improvements are necessary to ensure that administrative reform does not diminish citizens’ rights. These include institutionalizing mandatory rights-impact assessments prior to mergers; strengthening substantive public consultation and participatory mechanisms; ensuring transitional protection of administrative and civil entitlements; enhancing safeguards for property and land-use rights; and reinforcing complaint and access-to-justice systems. Furthermore, integrating digital governance tools and modern urban management models can reduce procedural burdens and improve transparency during administrative transitions. In conclusion, while the merger of administrative units is a necessary step in modernizing governance, it must be implemented within a rights-based framework. Placing citizens’ lawful rights and legitimate interests at the center of reform is essential to ensuring that administrative restructuring contributes to sustainable development, social stability, and the consolidation of a rule-of-law state
DIREITO À MORADIA, IRREGULARIDADE FUNDIÁRIA E JUSTIÇA CLIMÁTICA: UMA PROPOSTA DE ATUALIZAÇÃO DA LEI 13.465/2017
No full textO presente artigo analisa a Lei nº 13.465/2017 (Lei da REURB) sob a perspectiva da Justiça Climática. Partindo da premissa de que a irregularidade fundiária no Brasil não é apenas um problema registral, mas também vetor de vulnerabilidade a riscos interconectados; este estudo questiona a constitucionalidade material da regularização fundiária em áreas de risco e áreas de preservação permanente (APPs) sem uma análise mais minudente quanto a riscos climáticos prospectivos. Utilizando o método dedutivo, com revisão bibliográfica e análise jurisprudencial, após a realização de um traçado histórico do crescimento urbano desordenado no país, esse marco legal é confrontado com os deveres estatais de proteção. Conclui-se que a titulação massiva em áreas de risco, desacompanhada da devida análise climática, cria uma propriedade com riscos, gerando permanente exposição a desastres. O artigo, propõe, de lege ferenda, a exigência da apresentação de uma "análise de risco climático prospectivo" como condicionante à expedição da Certidão de Regularização Fundiária, com vistas a tornar a legislação urbanística à prova do futuro (future-proof)
ESTRATÉGIAS NANOTECNOLÓGICAS ASSOCIADAS À POLILAMININA NA REGENERAÇÃO DA MEDULA ESPINHAL DE PESSOAS ACOMETIDAS COM PARAPLEGIA: REVISÃO ESCOPO
No full textOBJETIVO: Mapear e analisar as evidências científicas acerca da aplicação de estratégias nanotecnológicas associadas à polilaminina na regeneração da medula espinhal e na recuperação funcional de pessoas com paraplegia decorrente de lesão medular. MÉTODOS: Revisão de escopo produzida em 2026, conduzida conforme diretrizes do Joanna Briggs Institute e recomendações PRISMA. Utilizou-se o mnemônico PCC, considerando: população (pessoas com paraplegia por lesão medular), conceito (estratégias regenerativas associadas à polilaminina) e contexto (neuroregeneração medular). A pergunta norteadora foi: “Quais são as evidências científicas acerca da eficácia das estratégias nanotecnológicas associadas à polilaminina na regeneração da medula espinhal e na recuperação funcional de pessoas acometidas por paraplegia?”. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase e Cochrane Library, além da literatura cinzenta no Google Acadêmico. Incluíram-se estudos completos, de acesso livre, publicados nos últimos cinco anos, em todos os idiomas, envolvendo estratégias regenerativas aplicadas à lesão medular. Excluíram-se estudos sem relação direta com regeneração medular ou paraplegia. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Foram incluídos 12 estudos, predominando investigações experimentais e pré-clínicas que evidenciaram que biomateriais nanoengenheirados associados à polilaminina favorecem regeneração axonal, reconexão sináptica e recuperação funcional progressiva. Nanohidrogéis, scaffolds eletrofiados, nanofibras alinhadas e sistemas de liberação controlada demonstraram capacidade de modular o microambiente lesional, reduzir neuroinflamação e limitar a formação da cicatriz glial. Evidências translacionais indicam recuperação locomotora em modelos de paraplegia e avanço regulatório para ensaios clínicos iniciais em humanos, evidenciando transição do campo experimental para aplicação clínica potencial. CONCLUSÃO: A associação entre polilaminina e nanotecnologia apresenta elevado potencial neuroregenerativo, atuando de forma multimodal na reconstrução neural após lesão medular. Apesar dos avanços translacionais, persistem lacunas relacionadas à padronização metodológica e à escassez de ensaios clínicos controlados, sendo necessários estudos multicêntricos para consolidação terapêutic
DOR OCULAR NEUROPÁTICA: MECANISMOS FISIOPATOLÓGICOS E ABORDAGENS TERAPÊUTICAS ATUAIS
No full textNeuropathic ocular pain is a condition characterized by persistent ocular pain resulting from dysfunction or injury of the ocular somatosensory nervous system. Unlike nociceptive pain associated with inflammation or evident tissue damage, this type of pain may occur even in the absence of significant structural abnormalities of the ocular surface, making diagnosis and clinical management challenging. Recent evidence suggests that alterations in corneal nerve fibers, peripheral and central sensitization, and neuroinflammatory processes involving trigeminal pathways play a central role in its pathophysiology. This study aimed to review the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in neuropathic ocular pain and discuss currently available therapeutic approaches. A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases. The findings indicate that neuropathic ocular pain is associated with structural alterations in corneal nerves, persistent nociceptor activation, and central sensitization mechanisms. Therapeutic approaches include ocular lubricants, topical anti-inflammatory agents, and systemic neuromodulatory drugs. Understanding these mechanisms is essential to improve diagnosis and guide more effective treatment strategies
EVOLUÇÃO DA MATURIDADE CONTRATUAL NAS CONCESSÕES RODOVIARIAS E SEU IMPACTO NA SEGURANÇA VIARIA: UMA ANALISE DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DO MODELO
No full textEste artigo reporta uma análise sobre a evolução dos modelos contratuais de concessão de rodovias e sua correlação direta com a melhoria dos indicadores de segurança viária. A pesquisa, fundamentada em dados de uma unidade federativa do Brasil de grande destaque, demonstra que a progressão na maturidade e complexidade dos instrumentos contratuais, especialmente no que tange aos anexos operacionais, de conservação e de ampliação, resultou em um ambiente rodoviário significativamente mais seguro para os usuários. Um achado central e de grande relevância é a constatação de que as rodovias sob gestão concedida na unidade federativa analisada são, em média, 1,97 vezes mais seguras do que aquelas sob gestão pública direta, considerando o período de 2019 a 2023. A evolução dos anexos contratuais é um pilar fundamental para compreender essa melhoria. O Anexo 5 transitou de uma abordagem reativa, focada na provisão de serviços básicos como guincho e atendimento médico de emergência, para um modelo proativo e tecnologicamente avançado, incorporando Centros de Controle Operacional (CCOs) de última geração, Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte (ITS), monitoramento por câmeras com análise de vídeo e conectividade Wi-Fi. Similarmente, o Anexo 6 evoluiu de uma manutenção corretiva e pontual para uma gestão de ativos baseada em desempenho, com metas e indicadores rigorosos de qualidade, como da superfície de rolamento e da sinalização. Por fim, o Anexo 7 passou a exigir investimentos substanciais em obras de infraestrutura, como duplicações, contornos urbanos e obras de arte especiais (OAEs), que não apenas aumentam a capacidade de tráfego, mas também eliminam pontos críticos de acidentes. Essa transformação contratual, impulsionada por uma Agência Reguladora atuante, confirma a hipótese de que a evolução da modelagem das concessões rodoviárias é um vetor estratégico para o crescimento sustentável da infraestrutura, tendo a segurança viária como um de seus mais importantes dividendos sociais
ACTUALIZING THE THEOLOGY OF AL-MA’UN IN MUHAMMADIYAH GOVERNANCE IN LAMONGAN REGENCY (A STUDY OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE CONTEXT OF ENHANCING COMMUNITY WELFARE)
No full textThis study aims to analyze the actualization of Al-Ma’un theology in Muhammadiyah governance in Lamongan Regency and its contribution to community welfare. The study is motivated by limitations in public administration scholarship, which remains largely dominated by Western paradigms and has not fully positioned faith-based civil society organizations as primary actors in public governance. This research employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design within an interpretive–critical paradigm grounded in Islamic epistemology. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies, and subsequently analyzed using an interactive method with triangulation. The findings reveal that Al-Ma’un theology is actualized through the institutionalization of the values of hurriyah (freedom), musāwah (equality), ʿadālah (justice), ukhuwah (solidarity), and ta’āwun (mutual assistance) in deliberative processes, organizational accountability, cadre development, educational and healthcare services, social assistance, and community economic empowerment. These practices contribute to improving access to basic services, strengthening social solidarity, and enhancing community welfare. The study confirms that Al-Ma’un theology can be conceptualized as a framework of Islamic civic governance and Islamic public value, demonstrating that Islamic values can be institutionalized within participatory and socially just models of public governance
A RESEARCH ON MYTHS, LEGENDS AND STORIES WITH HERITAGE VALUE IN FOLKLORE-BASED TOURISM
No full textThis study aims to reveal the value of myths, legends, and stories in folklore-based tourism in destinations. To this end, the study focuses on myths, legends and stories, which are important components of folklore-based tourism, and attempts to determine the opinions of participants from the local population of Edremit Bay regarding folklore-based tourism. Using a qualitative research method, field research was conducted after obtaining permission from the Balıkesir University Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee dated December 30, 2024, and numbered 2024/12-17. In this context, researchers reached the local population in Edremit Bay between January 2, 2025, and January 21, 2025, using snowball sampling and conducted in-depth face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data collected in the research were grouped and interpreted using thematic content analysis. The resulting 502 codes were grouped under 8 sub-themes and 3 main themes. One of the notable findings of the research is that participants found historical, cultural and natural stories interesting. Furthermore, it was determined that Sarıkız Hill, Mount Ida (Kaz Dağları), legends of Zeus, and the heroic stories of the National Forces in the Edremit Bay are the most attractive places in the region, and that folklore-based tourism encompasses intangible cultural heritage areas. In this context, it was concluded that myths, legends and stories, as well as natural experience sites (Sarıkız Hill, Mount Ida, Hasan Boğazı Waterfall, etc.), should be considered important resources and carefully evaluated in the development of folklore-based tourism in the Edremit Bay. It was also concluded that focusing on the development of folklore-based tourism by decision-makers and implementers could contribute to the diversity of tourism products in the region
EDUCADOR-EDUCANDO E EDUCANDO-EDUCADOR: DIALOGICIDADE, PROBLEMATIZAÇÃO E PRÁXIS LIBERTÁRIA NA “PEDAGOGIA DO OPRIMIDO” DE PAULO FREIRE
No full textNas últimas décadas, o campo educacional tem questionado modelos pedagógicos centrados na transmissão unilateral de conteúdos, ressaltando a urgência de práticas formativas que valorizem o diálogo, a consciência crítica e a participação ativa dos sujeitos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Nesse contexto, o pensamento de Paulo Freire mantém vigor teórico e político ao propor uma relação horizontal entre educador e educando, sustentada pela dialogicidade como fundamento do ato educativo. Em Pedagogia do Oprimido, a dialogicidade é concebida como princípio estruturante da pedagogia freireana, pois institui a condição de sujeitos que ensinam e aprendem mutuamente na produção do conhecimento. O presente artigo tem como objeto de análise a relação “educador-educando e educando-educador”, compreendida como expressão concreta desse princípio e como eixo de uma práxis pedagógica libertária. Parte-se da seguinte pergunta de investigação: de que modo a dialogicidade, enquanto conceito fundante da pedagogia freireana, sustenta uma educação emancipadora baseada na problematização da realidade e na construção coletiva do saber? Teoricamente, fizemos uso central das obras de Paulo Freire (1970; 1992; 1997; 2011; 2013; 2015), auxiliados pelos trabalhos de Saviani (1996; 2008; 2011), Giroux (2005; 2011; 2024), Apple (1999; 2012; 2013; 2019), McLaren (1997; 2014; 2015), hooks (1994; 2000; 2003; 2010; 2018), Buber (1982; 2001), Habermas (1989), Marx (2015). A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo (Minayo, 2007), bibliográfico e descritivo (2008) e com o viés analítico compreensivo (Weber, 1949). A investigação evidenciou que a dialogicidade constitui fundamento estruturante de uma pedagogia emancipadora ao redefinir o ato educativo como coprodução histórica do conhecimento entre sujeitos críticos e participativos. Constatou-se que a superação da educação bancária depende da ressignificação da autoridade docente como mediação ética e intelectual orientada pelo diálogo. Observou-se que a problematização da realidade concreta conecta saber escolar e experiência social, fortalecendo sentidos formativos. Verificou-se que a construção coletiva do conhecimento amplia autonomia intelectual, participação democrática e consciência histórica. Conclui-se que a dialogicidade integra dimensão ontológica, ética e política da educação, sustentando práticas comprometidas com humanização e transformação social
ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF THE BUDGET AND TAX POLICY IN THE ECONOMIC SECURITY SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY
No full textThe country\u27s economic development and its level of economic security depend on many factors, one of which is the state\u27s budget-tax system. Therefore, the correct construction and efficient operation of that system is a necessary condition, which depends on how the budget and tax policy is implemented by the state. Currently, the central task of the state\u27s financial bodies in Azerbaijan is to accelerate the sustainability of the country\u27s development, improve the legal basis of the budget-tax system, and correctly and accurately distribute financial management functions. In this regard, the role of the main financial management bodies of the state is increasing. With the help of the budget and tax policy, the level of economic security of the country, the realization of the goals of state administration and the solution of other tasks of national importance are ensured, conditions are created for the stabilization of the financial system. Considering the role of the budget-tax policy in improving the living conditions of the population, its implementation taking into account the problems of economic security is the main condition. Relevance of the topic: In modern times, economic growth in Azerbaijan has been identified as one of the country\u27s long-term development priorities, which is a necessary condition for strengthening economic security in the conditions of globalization and integration. Azerbaijan adequately copes with all tasks in the way of forming an efficient and economically justified system designed to protect the country\u27s national interests and strengthen its economic security. It successfully implements its national security policy in that area, and one of its main strategic goals is to create conditions for economic growth, ensure economic security and modern social standards for the well-being of the population. The successful realization of these or other goals and tasks depends to a large extent on the budget and tax policy implemented by the state. Fiscal policy depends on taxation, distribution of budget revenues and justification of all expenses, which affects economic security. Therefore, the budget-tax policy of the country should be constantly improved and this should affect revenues and expenses. The improvement of such a policy will lead to import substitution and improvement of the production volume of enterprises in the country, as a result of which economic growth and protection of the country\u27s economic security will be achieved. All these aspects show how much the topic of the article is focused on the investigation of an actual problem. The purpose of the article: is to assess the role of budget-tax policy in the field of economic security, to conduct research in that field and to obtain appropriate results and to formulate recommendations. In accordance with the purpose, the essence of the budget-tax policy has been explained in the article, the impact of its preparation and implementation on the economic development and security of the country, the goals of that policy and taxation within it have been investigated, and the main tasks set for their implementation have been defined. Based on the database of the State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan, the state budget revenues and sources of their formation for different years, the required volume of the state budget deficit and the ratio of the country\u27s GDP as the most important parameter characterizing the country\u27s budget security level were analyzed. Research methods: analysis by factors, generalization, grouping, economic-statistical analysis, comparative analysis, development dynamics Scientific innovation: various approaches to budget security were reviewed, measures for the formulation and implementation of the budget and tax policy aimed at the economic interests of the state, improvement of the balanced budget system were proposed, is justified that they can help to optimize budget revenues and expenses, achieve stability and balance of the state budget by reducing the budget deficit in the medium and long term, and as a result, have a direct positive effect on the speed and quality of the comprehensive development of the state. Also, in terms of strengthening the economic security system, directions for strengthening the role of the budget-tax policy and increasing its effectiveness have been suggested
POST-PANDEMIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE CREATIVE INDUSTRY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE NEW ECONOMIC ECOSYSTEM
No full textThe global pandemic has drastically changed the creative industry landscape worldwide, including in Indonesia, by accelerating the digitalization process and driving the emergence of new production and consumption patterns. This transformation has not only created new economic opportunities but also posed complex structural challenges, particularly related to gaps in technology access and the adaptability of industry players. In this context, the creative industry is a strategic sector for national economic recovery and development post-pandemic. This study aims to analyze the opportunities and challenges facing the creative industry post-pandemic and formulate a strategic direction for building a new, inclusive, and sustainable economic ecosystem. The research method used is a qualitative approach, collecting data from various literature, previous studies, and research findings relevant to the topic of creative industry transformation. The collected data was then analyzed descriptively to identify patterns, relationships, and strategies that can be implemented to strengthen the creative economy ecosystem. The results show that the pandemic has been a catalyst for innovation and digitalization in the creative sector, while also demonstrating the importance of cross-sector collaboration in driving sustainable growth. Despite challenges such as the digital divide, limited human resource capacity, and policy barriers, the creative sector still has significant potential to become a key pillar of the national economy. Therefore, strategies to strengthen the new economic ecosystem must focus on synergy between stakeholders, strengthening digital literacy, and developing a resilient, adaptive, and values-based creative economy