Veredas do Direito (Journal)
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ASSISTED REPRODUCTION: LAW, ETHICS, RIGHTS BIBLIOMETRIC MAPPING
No full textAssisted reproductive technologies (ART) pose governance issues that go beyond their efficacy to encompass issues of legality, ethics, and rights. This study employs bibliometric techniques to map the international academic landscape of ART-related research with explicit ethical-legal content. A dataset of publications was retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus (1996-2026), merged, and deduplicated using bibliometrix/Biblioshiny tools, followed by a filter for “topic fit” to ensure that only those publications substantively dealing with ART in relation to ethics, medical ethics, law, legal medicine, and related social science fields were retained for analysis. A total of 2,158 publications were retained for analysis. Performance indicators and science mapping techniques were employed to analyze temporal trends, key sources, geographic distribution, citation influence, and conceptual structure of this dataset. This study reveals that ART-related publications have demonstrated steady growth since the mid-2000s, accelerating in the late 2010s and early 2020s. Key publication sources include prominent reproductive medicine journals, as well as prominent bioethics and legal-focused journals. Country-wise distribution indicates that key countries dominate this dataset, with strong international collaboration links. Citation analysis reveals high influence synthesis and high-visibility journal publications. The factorial conceptual map (MCA) distinguishes between a clinical/technical IVF pole and a pole focused on governance, law, and ethics, with the terms related to surrogacy forming a substream. This evidence map provides clarity in the structure of the dispersed interdisciplinary field and can inform the research agenda and the setting of the agenda for ART governance and rights in the future
THE CONCEPT OF “NHÀN” IN LÊ HỮU TRÁC AND ITS HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
No full textHải Thượng Lãn Ông – Lê Hữu Trác is recognized not merely as a celebrated physician but also as a major thinker of the 18th century. One of the most notable viewpoints expressing his distinctive philosophy of life is the concept of “nhàn” (leisure/serenity), encompassing notions of “lãn” (laziness/indolence) and “lười” (idleness). Based on an examination of his seminal works, such as Thượng Kinh Ký Sự (Records of the Imperial Capital) and Hải Thượng Y Tông Tâm Lĩnh, this article clarifies that “nhàn” is not merely a tranquil, reclusive lifestyle, but rather a reflective philosophical choice—to abandon fame and power to preserve moral integrity, to nurture the body (dưỡng thân) for the sake of cultivating the mind (dưỡng tâm), and to practice medicine as a humanitarian mission. Utilizing a comprehensive, historically specific approach, combined with textual analysis (phương pháp văn bản học) and analysis–synthesis, this article contributes to a profound elucidation of a philosophical nucleus within the traditional Vietnamese intellectual heritage. In practical terms, Lê Hữu Trác’s concept of “nhàn” serves as an important reminder for modern individuals to slow down, maintain the balance between body and mind (thân – tâm), and return to the core values of character, ethics, and compassion
THE AESTHETİCS OF IMPERFECTİON: CONCEPTUAL AND VİSUAL DİMENSİONS OF FLAW İN ART
No full textThe concept of imperfection has long occupied a central place in aesthetic and philosophical debates in art history. Rather than being regarded merely as deficiency or deformation, imperfection has frequently been adopted as a creative and expressive strategy. In contrast to ideals of perfection, artists have deliberately employed flaw to develop alternative modes of representation and aesthetic experience. Across diverse cultures and artistic movements, imperfection has thus been redefined as a meaningful aesthetic value. This study examines how imperfection has been conceptualized in art, its role within aesthetic discourse, and the historical contexts in which it emerged as a conscious artistic choice. Attention is given to the Wabi-Sabi philosophy in East Asian aesthetics, which values transience, simplicity, and the beauty of flaws, as well as to modern and contemporary Western movements such as Dadaism and Conceptual Art, where imperfection functions as an intrinsic artistic strategy. Through selected examples, including Yeesookyung’s Translated Vase series and the Japanese Kintsugi tradition, the study explores how fracture, repair, and material trace operate as aesthetic and conceptual devices. Imperfection is approached not only as a visual quality but also as a means of meaning-making and of renewing the dialogue between artwork and viewer.Kusursuzluk kavramı, sanat tarihinin büyük bir kısmı, estetik ve felsefe tartışmalarının merkezinde yer alan bir temadır. Daha da önemlisi, bir eksiklik veya deformasyon olarak ortaya çıkan kusur, yaratıcı ve ifade edici bir strateji olarak sıklıkla benimsenmiştir. Mükemmellik ideallerinin karşısında, sanatçılar temsil ve estetik deneyim alternatiflerini geliştirmek için kusurları kasıtlı olarak kullanırlar. Aynı şekilde, farklı kültürlerde ve sanatsal hareketlerde kusur, önemli bir estetik değer olarak yeniden tanımlanır.
Bu stüdyo, sanatta kavramsallaştırılan kusurlar, estetik söylemin içindeki kağıt ve bilinçli bir sanatsal seçimde dönüştürüldüğü tarihsel anların bir sonucu olarak inceleniyor. Geçici, basit ve mükemmel olmayan güzelliklerin yanı sıra Dadaizm, Soyut Anlatımcılık gibi modern ve çağdaş Batı sanatı hareketleri gibi, Asya Doğu estetiğinde Wabi-Sabi felsefesine özellikle dikkat edilmelidir. Arte Conceptual, kusurların sanatsal pratiğin içsel bir öğesi olarak ortaya çıktığı noktada.
Yeesookyung\u27un Translated Vase serisinde ve Kintsugi\u27nin Japon geleneğinde seçilen bazı konuların analizinde stüdyo, estetik ve kavramsal olarak kırılma, onarım ve malzeme işlevlerini araştırıyor. Kusurlar yalnızca görsel olarak ortadan kaldırılmaz, çünkü aynı zamanda önemli bir yapı ortamı ve hem salonda hem de izleyicide diyalogun yenilenmesiyle tamamlanır. Kusursuz dönüşümü, ifade modunu sınırlamayı sağlayan stüdyo, estetik algısının ve çağdaş sanatsal dilin gelişimini anlamak için bir bakış açısı eleştirisi sunuyor.
Kusursuzluk kavramı, uzun bir süre boyunca, sanat tarihi ve estetik ve felsefe üzerine yoğunlaşan merkezi bir tartışma konusu oldu. Bunlar, bir eksiklik veya deformasyon gibi, eleştirel ve ifade edici bir yaklaşım olarak sıklıkla uygulanan bir kusurdur. Mükemmeliyet fikirlerine karşı, sanatçılar temsil ve estetik deneyim alternatiflerini geliştirmek için kasıtlı olarak çalışırlar veya bunu kaybederler. Farklı kültürler ve sanat akımları arasında, kusurlu bir yaklaşım, önemli bir estetik değer olarak yeniden tanımlanıyor.
Bu, sanat anlayışının geçersizliği olarak inceleniyor, ancak estetik söylemi yok ve tarihi bağlamlar artık sanatsal bir vicdanla parçalanmış durumda. Wabi-Sabi\u27nin Batı Asya estetiğine özel bir ilgi göstermesi, geçici bir değere sahip olması, basit ve kusurlu olmayan bir şey olması, modern ve çağdaş batı akımları gibi, Dadaizm ve Kavramsal Sanat gibi, eskisi gibi değil içsel sanatsal bir işlev olarak kusurlu bir işlev.
Yeesookyung\u27un bir dizi Japon Kintsugi geleneğine çevrilmiş Vazo\u27su da dahil olmak üzere seçilen birçok örnek, bir kardeşlik olarak araştırma veya estetik ve konsept olarak yeniden yapılanma ve traç malzeme çalışmasını onarma. Sağlamlık, kaliteli bir görsel olarak görüntülenmiyor, bu da önemli bir yapı ve izleyici için diyalogun yenilenmesi gibi bir şey.
 
EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE REFLECTION OF LANGUAGE CODE IN THE CONTEMPORARY ART OF KYRGYZSTAN
No full textThis article investigates the educational conditions under which unconscious psychological determinants contribute to the creative development of personality. The study is grounded in an integrative methodological framework combining cultural-historical, subject-oriented, contextual, and non-classical psychological approaches. Through theoretical analysis, it develops a structural-conceptual model that links educational environments with the dynamics between consciousness and the unconscious, focusing on how these interactions influence the learner’s personal and creative growth. The research identifies the psychological mechanism of self-awareness as central to the learner’s transition from an object of instruction to a subject of educational activity. The internalization of educational experiences activates unconscious predictors—such as archetypes, fixed attitudes, and emotional-cognitive functions—which shape the "I"-image and determine creative initiative. The educational process, viewed as a culturally mediated system, serves as a developmental space where learners gradually integrate unconscious content into conscious self-construction. Education, when oriented toward the development of the whole personality, must address not only rational-cognitive skills but also the symbolic, emotional, and unconscious layers of the learner’s psyche. Pedagogical strategies that promote self-reflection, symbolic engagement, and archetypal awareness can significantly enhance students’ creative potential. The study proposes a shift in educational practice—from content transmission to facilitating inner psychological development—as a foundation for fostering creative, self-determined individuals
DO QUADRO À QUADRA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO SOBRE GÊNERO E EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR NO ENSINO MÉDIO
No full textA presente revisão integrativa teve como objetivo mapear e analisar a produção científica de pós-graduação brasileira sobre gênero e Educação Física Escolar no Ensino Médio, a partir de dissertações e teses disponíveis na BDTD-CAPES. O estudo seguiu as etapas do protocolo PRISMA e selecionou trezes pesquisas que abordam questões como performatividade de gênero, participação das meninas, representações e desigualdades, currículo, práticas docentes, experiências de estudantes LGBTQIAPN+ e justiça social. A análise revelou predominância de dissertações, concentração geográfica nas regiões Sudeste e Sul; presença equilibrada entre Programas de Educação e Educação Física; e maior incidência de estudos produzidos por programas acadêmicos. Os resultados apontam que normas de gênero seguem estruturando práticas corporais, interações e organizações curriculares, produzindo exclusões e desigualdades que afetam especialmente meninas e estudantes LGBTQIAPN+. Conclui-se que a produção científica nacional avançou na compreensão das relações de gênero no contexto escolar, porém, ainda apresenta lacunas regionais e demanda investigações mais profundas que integrem justiça social, diversidade e equidade como princípios estruturantes das práticas pedagógicas em Educação Física Escolar
TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE: GENDER EQUALITY AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN BAHRAIN’S CIRCULAR ECONOMY
No full textGender inequalities in economic opportunities are worsening daily, demanding action from various stakeholders. In light of this situation, digital transformation tools and the integration of a gender perspective into the circular economy can contribute to narrowing this gap. Thus, this paper aims at investigating the role of gender equality and digital transformation in promoting a sustainable circular economy in Bahrain. This is an in-depth qualitative study based on the collection of primary data from relevant fields. Interviews were conducted with 15 policymakers and officials in Bahraini government agencies concerned with sustainability, circular economy, digital transformation, and women\u27s empowerment and gender equality. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data extracted from the interviews. The results show that the role of gender equality in achieving circular economy is represented by inclusive decision-making process women’s economic empowerment gender-responsive policies female leadership in sustainability, and women\u27s technological skills. While the role of digital transformation in achieving circular economy is realized through financial inclusion digital platforms for circular practices, technological infrastructure, and technological innovation. Given the aforementioned conclusions, this study recommends the need to providing opportunities, programs, and platforms to qualify, train, and update the skills of Bahraini women in the fields of digital transformation. On the other side, the Bahraini government must allocate sufficient and appropriate budgets to finance digital transformation projects and initiatives, and seek external funding sources such as partnerships, grants, and loans
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW REFORM: AGAINST INDONESIA\u27S PRE-TRIAL RULING
No full textThe reform of Indonesia\u27s criminal procedure law emphasizes effective supervision of law enforcement through the pretrial stage. However, this study identifies fundamental weaknesses in the current system: limited judicial authority, the finality of decisions without appeal mechanisms, and the high subjectivity of single-judge trials. While the Constitutional Court expanded the scope of pretrial objects, this development has triggered legal uncertainty and procedural debates rather than resolving systemic issues. Using a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes legal gaps in existing regulations. The study argues that merely extending examination periods or shifting to a panel of judges is insufficient. Consequently, this paper proposes a critical reconstruction of Article 164 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code to allow all pretrial rulings to be appealed to the High Court. This reform aims to ensure judicial accountability, provide equal rights protection for all parties, and strengthen the integrity of the Indonesian criminal justice system
TELETHERAPY TODAY DEMAND AND TOMORROW REQUIREMENT: NEED ANALYSIS
No full textCOVID-19 promoted the use of teletherapy as an alternative to face-to-face treatment that needs to be implemented, which evidences its potential to increase the level of access to and ease of speech-language pathology (SLP) services. Nonetheless, the effectiveness, limitations, and the best implementation methods of the same have not been fully established. The paper was a qualitative study that examined the present needs in teletherapy and found evidence-based needs of successful provision under a wide range of clinical settings. We thematically analyzed semi-structured interviews on 10 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in Lahore, Pakistan, to understand therapists and their experiences, views on effectiveness, clinical issues, and barriers to implementation. Significant benefits of the participants included a high level of cost- and time-efficiency, better accessibility, and better interaction between the caregivers. Nevertheless, significant difficulties also arose, especially when interacting with young children, measuring fidelity to some disorders, and technology availability. Importantly, it was found that teletherapy is not applicable to several conditions such as voice disorders, dysphagia, and complicated hearing-related evaluations. This research paper recognizes significant geographical and demographical constraints that restrict externalization. The evidence indicates that teletherapy is an effective treatment that should be used as a supplement to face-to-face therapy and not as a universal one. To promote the practice standards, stakeholders should define the clinical guidelines of the disorder-specific suitability, come up with a set of standardized assessment protocols, overcome technological challenges, and provide a tight discipline of professional training in the competencies of teletherapy. This research will serve as a basis of policy making and clinical decision making and will indicate the need to be cautious and implement the solution in an evidence-based manner
A CONSTITUIÇÃO COMO PROJETO DE PAÍS: O MODELO DE COMPETÊNCIA CHAP E A MATRIZ DE RESULTADOS E AVALIAÇÃO DE IMPACTOS GERADOS COMO INSTRUMENTOS DE CONCRETIZAÇÃO DOS FINS CONSTITUCIONAIS
No full textA Constituição da República de 1988 institui projeto normativo estruturado em fins públicos vinculantes, cuja força normativa depende da existência de mecanismos institucionais capazes de converter teleologia constitucional em prática administrativa verificável. O artigo examina como estruturar tecnologia institucional apta a transformar a normatividade finalística da Constituição em decisões administrativas e de controle externo controláveis, sem incorrer em teleologismo expansivo ou redução gerencial dos direitos fundamentais. Sustenta-se que a integração entre o Modelo de Competência Organizacional CHAP (Conhecimento, Habilidade, Atitude e Propósito) e a Matriz de Resultados e Avaliação de Impactos Gerados (M-RAIG) configura arquitetura sistêmica de governança orientada por finalidade constitucional. O CHAP orienta o agir institucional estruturando a competência sob presidência do propósito constitucional, enquanto a M-RAIG confere dimensão probatória à atuação pública, tornando verificável a correlação entre diagnóstico, planejamento, execução, resultados e impactos sob critérios de sindicabilidade, rastreabilidade e mensurabilidade. A pesquisa é de natureza teórico-normativa, com abordagem qualitativa e método dedutivo-estruturante, fundada em interpretação sistemática e teleológica da Constituição de 1988, em diálogo com a teoria da Constituição dirigente e com a racionalidade consequencial introduzida pela Lei nº 13.655/2018. Reconhece-se déficit empírico no estágio atual da tecnologia proposta, delimitando-se seu alcance à validade conceitual e à legitimidade constitucional, com agenda futura de validação longitudinal. Conclui-se que a integração CHAP/M-RAIG constitui instrumento metodológico apto a aproximar normatividade finalística, decisão pública e evidência, reforçando a efetividade material da Constituição como projeto de país
EVOLUÇÃO CONTRATUAL EM CONCESSÕES RODOVIARIAS SOB O PONTO DE VISTA DA TEORIA INSTITUCIONAL: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UM ENTE FEDERATIVO BRASILEIRO
No full textAs dificuldades orçamentárias enfrentadas pelos governos, em diferentes esferas, têm impulsionado a busca por soluções inovadoras para o atendimento de demandas diversas, especialmente no setor de infraestrutura. No contexto da gestão pública da infraestrutura rodoviária, a necessidade de investimentos em conservação e ampliação da malha viária confronta-se com a histórica escassez de recursos públicos. Para mitigar essa dicotomia, a transferência da gestão de ativos rodoviários para a iniciativa privada, por meio de concessões, consolida-se como uma estratégia viável. Contudo, a remuneração das empresas concessionárias, por meio da tarifa de pedágio paga pelos usuários, frequentemente gera intensos debates e resistência social, fiscalizatória e midiática, levantando questões sobre justiça tributária e modicidade tarifária. Este artigo, fundamentado na Teoria Institucional, investiga como as pressões institucionais – coercitivas, miméticas e normativas – influenciaram a evolução dos contratos de concessão rodoviária em um ente federativo brasileiro ao longo de quatro fases distintas, entre 1998 e 2020, já com resultados mensuráveis. A análise documental dos contratos revela uma sofisticação progressiva de suas cláusulas, especialmente em temas como solução de controvérsias, reequilíbrio econômico-financeiro, matriz de riscos e mecanismos de tarifação. Os resultados indicam que as alterações contratuais não foram meramente incrementais, mas representaram uma adaptação estratégica do Poder Concedente para aprimorar o modelo, buscando capturar maiores benefícios para o Estado e os usuários, e, crucialmente, para legitimar o programa de concessões rodoviárias frente às críticas e garantir sua sobrevivência e expansão