Veredas do Direito (Journal)
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PREGUIÇA COGNITIVA INDUZIDA POR IA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: UM ESTUDO DIAGNÓSTICO
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to examine the relationship between university students\u27 inappropriate and excessive use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the cognitive laziness they may exhibit, defined as a reduced need to engage their own cognitive processes, even in simple tasks. A sample of 50 students aged 19-25 completed a questionnaire with multiple-choice and Likert-scale items. The questions focused on the frequency of AI use, students\u27 perceived dependence on it, and the reduction in mental effort. Based on the data obtained, a composite index of cognitive laziness was constructed. A linear regression model was constructed, and its interpretation can be summarized in three points: first, each increase in frequency of use triples the risk of high cognitive laziness (OR = 3.42). It was also found that using AI for personal tasks quadruples the risk (OR = 4.15), and finally, the model explains 58% of the variance. It was concluded that the use of AI without adequate regulation tends to lead to lower cognitive engagement among students, underscoring the need to incorporate AI into higher education through an approach that promotes reflective thinking, conscious use of technology, and the development of intellectual autonomy.El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación entre el uso inapropiado y excesivo de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en estudiantes universitarios y la pereza cognitiva que podrían exhibir, entendida como una menor necesidad de activar sus propios procesos cognitivos, incluso en tareas sencillas. Participaron 50 estudiantes de 19 a 25 años, quienes respondieron un cuestionario con reactivos de opción múltiple y escala Likert. Las preguntas se centraron en la frecuencia de uso de la IA, la dependencia percibida y la reducción del esfuerzo mental. Con los datos se construyó un índice compuesto de pereza cognitiva y se estimó un modelo de regresión, cuyos resultados se resumen en tres puntos: cada aumento en la frecuencia de uso triplica el riesgo de alta pereza cognitiva (OR = 3.42); usar IA para tareas personales cuadruplica el riesgo (OR = 4.15); y el modelo explica el 58% de la varianza. Se concluye que, sin una regulación adecuada, la IA tiende a reducir el involucramiento cognitivo, por lo que su integración en educación superior debe promover pensamiento reflexivo, uso consciente de la tecnología y autonomía intelectual.O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a relação entre o uso inadequado e excessivo da Inteligência Artificial (IA) por estudantes universitários e a preguiça cognitiva que podem apresentar, entendida como uma menor necessidade de ativar seus próprios processos cognitivos, mesmo em tarefas simples. Participaram 50 estudantes, com idades entre 19 e 25 anos, que responderam a um questionário com itens de múltipla escolha e escala Likert. As perguntas focaram na frequência de uso da IA, na dependência percebida e na redução do esforço mental.
Com os dados, foi construído um índice composto de preguiça cognitiva e estimado um modelo de regressão, cujos resultados se resumem em três pontos: cada aumento na frequência de uso triplica o risco de alta preguiça cognitiva (OR = 3,42); usar IA para tarefas pessoais quadruplica o risco (OR = 4,15); e o modelo explica 58% da variância.
Conclui-se que, sem uma regulação adequada, a IA tende a reduzir o envolvimento cognitivo. Portanto, sua integração no ensino superior deve promover o pensamento reflexivo, o uso consciente da tecnologia e a autonomia intelectual
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA’S SPORTS INDUSTRY AND ITS ALIGNMENT WITH WTO E-COMMERCE NEGOTIATIONS: AN INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFThis research critically analyzes the digital transformation of the Chinese sports industry within the institutional context of its conformity with the WTO e-commerce regulations. The study focuses on emerging innovations such as e-sports, digital media platforms and artificial intelligence which have contributed to the rapid growth and engagement of the digital economy. Through a systematic literature review of 34 peer-reviewed sources published in the period 2018-2024, this paper looks at the interactions of China\u27s regulatory regime within the international trade regime. Findings show areas of convergence, such as digital intellectual property protection and the use of AI in sports services, and clear divergences around data localisation and digital sovereignty. In addition, some regulatory gaps may affect China\u27s international expansion of digital sports platforms, even if the market is robust. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to improve cross-border data flow governance, harmonize national regulations with WTO principles, and enhance China’s global competitiveness in digital sports. Overall, the study provides industry-specific insights into regulatory coherence and its impact on international digital trade participation
THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPROACH UNDER BAHRAINI AND COMPARATIVE LAW
Get PDFArtificial Intelligence (AI) is an advanced field of computer science focused on developing machines and systems capable of performing tasks that require human-like intelligence. It encompasses various subfields, including Machine Learning and Deep Learning, with the latter often associated with recent advancements in neural networks. The rapid expansion of AI across industries is driven by the availability of vast datasets and improvements in computational power, enabling automation, innovation, and enhanced decision-making. However, the legal and regulatory landscape surrounding AI remains complex and evolving. A unified legal definition is yet to be established, as regulations must consider the diverse applications and implications of AI systems. Current efforts, particularly in the European Union, show promise in addressing AI governance, though legislative clarity is still a work in progress. As AI continues to shape technology, business, and creativity, responsible development and regulation will be critical to ensuring ethical and equitable deployment
MARMARA OLIVE AGRICULTURAL SALES COOPERATIVES ASSOCIATION SUBSIDIARIES AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
Get PDFIn this study, we aimed to reveal the financial liabilities of Marmara Olive Agricultural Sales Cooperative and its affiliates and the proportional effect level of the subsidiaries. As it is known, Marmara Olive Agricultural Sales Cooperatives Association (MOASCA) has formed a significant range of subsidiaries with other enterprises including insurance brokerage services within its own structure for the purpose of its own increasing capital and being higher its export potential. Together with the increases in the financial investment targets of the Association, this situation created a portfolio of financial liabilities where the increases in the financial debt limits increased further. In the study, the medium- and long-term financial impact level of these dynamics is questioned and the position of the financial investments within the scope of this liabilities of consolidation is emphasized. On the other hand, the recent restructuring of financial debts has also had a capital increase effect on the Marmara Olive Agricultural Sales Cooperatives. In this context, the structure of the protocol agreement with Ziraat Bank on loan-debt payments supporting capital increases has been also emphasized. In addition, it appears that the financial position in which trade receivables and payables are questioned in relation to the related parties in recent years have also been shown a meaningful structure especially in terms of Expense Accruals. However, the position of "Wage Debts" in particular is striking in terms of the liabilities provided to employees for this institution. Between 2016 and 2017, there is a decrease in wage arrears paid to employees. It can be said that the decrease in these financial liabilities item does not constitute a striking contribution scale in terms of the effects of the institution on capital increase
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-RISE HOUSING: THE RUSSIAN CASE OF DEVELOPING REGIONAL PROGRAMS FOR VILLAGES AND SMALL CITIES
Get PDFTo develop and substantiate an organizational and economic mechanism for managing the development of low-rise housing construction (LHC) as a tool for creating effective regional housing programs. The study analyzes regulatory acts, scientific works, and official reports to design a six-block mechanism covering coordination, project management, performance indicators, implementation stages, evaluation, and regional adaptation. Housing policies in small cities and rural settlements often suffer from fragmented regulation and a lack of comprehensive regional LHC programs. This study addresses the need for a systemic mechanism that links housing development with social goals and territorial characteristics, improving the effectiveness of public housing policy. The implementation of the proposed mechanism creates the foundation for managed expansion of low-rise housing construction, focusing on improved affordability, energy efficiency, and housing quality. It also contributes to achieving social outcomes and sustainable regional development. The study enriches the theoretical understanding of regional housing policy management by systematizing economic and organizational components into a coherent model. It provides practical recommendations for authorities to design and implement LHC programs that align with socio-economic priorities and regional development strategies
ROLE OF CENTRALIZED BMS IN ENHANCING OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN SMART MALLS AND HOTELS
Get PDFAs cyber-physical service systems, comfort, safety, customer experience, cost, and the requirement that all are provided simultaneously-thus requiring a smart solution-are thus the fundamental properties of smart malls and hotels. BAS, or Building Automation System, with Building Energy Management Systems being a special case with emphasis on energy, have thus evolved from mere supervisory control to data acquisition, supervisory control, analytics, and, most importantly, a governing model. This systematic study will aggregate all available evidence from 2020 to 2025 on the benefits of Centralized Building Management System as a model for improving operation efficiency in Smart malls and hotels. Our study synthesized all relevant evidence in five key areas described by the individual authors, including energy and carbon, fault detection/diagnostics - maintenance productivity, indoor environmental quality, enterprise integration, cybersecurity, and assurance, by adopting PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Coherently in all ascertained evidence, there seems to be a coherent trend that the key to improved operational efficiency is totally encapsulated in the phrase "analytics to action" since even as there is "interoperable connectivity of all devices allowing high-fidelity visibility," there is room for a "continuous commissioning based on FDD/AFDD, occupancy-based control, and optimization, which must translate into \u27governed actions\u27 through CMMS/PMS with measurement & verification." Lately, studies have found Building Energy Management Systems with the aid of digital twin technology to be efficient, as well as Analytic Function Detection Diagnosis with the aid of agent/ontology technology to improve interpretable diagnosis reports, although there are gaps in evidence, with some authors citing the benefits seen by others by virtual modeling or simulation. We present our reference architecture as well as our KPIs, with a matching research requirement that will focus on credible study designs, as well as the use of semantic modeling as well as security by design, by utilizing protocol extension technologies like BACnet SC
BLOQUEIOS ANESTÉSICOS PERIFÉRICOS GUIADOS POR ULTRASSOM NO MANEJO DA DOR EM ATLETAS: IMPLICAÇÕES NA MEDICINA ESPORTIVA
Get PDFA dor musculoesquelética decorrente de lesões esportivas e procedimentos ortopédicos representa importante fator limitante para a reabilitação e o retorno precoce à atividade física. A anestesia regional guiada por ultrassonografia tem sido incorporada como estratégia analgésica eficaz no contexto da medicina esportiva. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as evidências científicas sobre a eficácia e segurança dos bloqueios anestésicos periféricos no manejo da dor em atletas submetidos a intervenções ortopédicas. Realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases PubMed, Scopus e LILACS, incluindo ensaios clínicos randomizados, metanálises e revisões sistemáticas publicados entre 2005 e 2024. Os resultados demonstraram redução significativa dos escores de dor nas primeiras 24–48 horas pós-operatórias, com diminuição média de 1,5 a 3 pontos nas escalas analgésicas, além de redução de 40% a 60% no consumo de opioides. Observou-se ainda menor incidência de eventos adversos e melhor preservação funcional, especialmente com o bloqueio do canal adutor em cirurgias de joelho. Conclui-se que os bloqueios anestésicos periféricos guiados por ultrassom constituem estratégia eficaz, segura e funcionalmente vantajosa no manejo da dor em atletas
PRIVATIZAÇÃO DAS EMPRESAS ESTATAIS: UM ESTUDO COMPARADO ENTRE INDONÉSIA E PAÍSES BAIXOS
Get PDFThis article examines the privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) through a comparative study of Indonesia and the Netherlands. It addresses inefficiencies in Indonesian SOEs, reflected in concentrated dividend contributions, recurring losses, and strong state intervention in corporate decision-making. The study compares how both countries structure the relationship between the state and SOEs to identify governance models that may enhance efficiency in Indonesia. Using a law-in-context method and historical approach, the research analyzes statutory frameworks, institutional arrangements, and political developments shaping SOE governance. Through macro-comparative analysis, it evaluates how legal design affects managerial autonomy and accountability. The findings show that Indonesia maintains a dominant state role, treating SOEs as both business entities and public policy instruments. This dual function limits corporate autonomy and creates legal uncertainty regarding the responsibility of company organs. In contrast, the Netherlands positions the state primarily as shareholder, subjecting SOEs to general corporate law and market discipline. The article concludes that governance philosophy influences performance outcomes and recommends strengthening corporate autonomy, clarifying the separation between public finance and corporate assets, and consistently applying corporate law principles to improve efficiency and accountability.Este artigo examina a privatização das empresas estatais a partir de um estudo comparativo entre a Indonésia e os Países Baixos. Parte-se da constatação de ineficiências nas empresas estatais indonésias, evidenciadas pela concentração das contribuições de dividendos, por prejuízos recorrentes e pela intensa intervenção estatal nas decisões empresariais. O estudo busca comparar como ambos os países estruturam a relação entre o Estado e as empresas estatais, com o objetivo de identificar modelos de governança capazes de promover maior eficiência na Indonésia. A pesquisa adota o método law in context e uma abordagem histórica, analisando os marcos normativos, os arranjos institucionais e os processos políticos que moldam a governança das empresas estatais em cada país. Por meio de análise macrocomparativa, avalia-se de que forma o desenho jurídico influencia a autonomia gerencial e a responsabilização dos administradores. Os resultados indicam que a Indonésia mantém um papel estatal predominante, tratando as empresas estatais não apenas como entidades empresariais, mas também como instrumentos de política pública. Essa dupla função restringe a autonomia societária e gera incertezas jurídicas quanto à responsabilidade dos órgãos societários. Em contraste, os Países Baixos posicionam o Estado primordialmente como acionista, submetendo as empresas estatais ao direito societário comum e à disciplina de mercado. Conclui-se que a filosofia de governança influencia os resultados de desempenho, recomendando-se o fortalecimento da autonomia societária, a clara separação entre finanças públicas e patrimônio empresarial e a aplicação consistente dos princípios do direito societário, a fim de aprimorar eficiência e responsabilização
A STUDY ON DESTINATION HOSPITALITY: THE CASE OF TÜRKİYE
No full textThis study assesses the local community’s perceptions of tourism hospitality in Türkiye and examines the predictive capacity of these perceptions on attitudes toward tourism effects. Addressing the cultural, social, and emotional dimensions of hospitality, this research posits that the tourism experience is underpinned not only by economic but also by socio-psychological foundations. This study used a quantitative, correlational survey method, collecting 523 online responses using the “Destination Hospitality” and the “Attitudes towards Tourism Effect” scales. The validity and reliability of both scales were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The resulting fit indices indicated that the models demonstrated an acceptable level of fit within the Turkish sample. The data analysis involved several statistical techniques: descriptive statistics, regression, correlation, t-tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings indicated that participants generally held moderate-to-high perceptions of destination hospitality and maintained positive attitudes toward tourism. Hospitality, particularly the dimensions of “hospitable behaviors’” and “atmosphere and safety,” was found to significantly predict and enhance positive attitudes toward tourism. Conversely, the influence of the “infrastructure and service facilities” dimension was found to be minimal. Furthermore, demographic analysis revealed that younger, unemployed, and high-income individuals reported higher perceptions of hospitality and held correspondingly more positive attitudes toward tourism. These results underscore that destination hospitality functions as a potent variable in shaping societal attitudes toward tourism
DO MODELO PREVIDENCIÁRIO AO DIREITO UNIVERSAL: A EVOLUÇÃO HISTÓRICA DO SUS E O FORTALECIMENTO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE SAÚDE NO BRASIL
No full textConsiderando a trajetória histórica da organização da saúde no Brasil, marcada pela segmentação do modelo previdenciário e pela exclusão de amplos contingentes populacionais do acesso à assistência, o presente estudo justifica-se pela necessidade de compreender a transição para o direito universal instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988. Objetiva-se analisar a evolução histórica do sistema de saúde brasileiro, destacando a passagem do modelo contributivo para a universalização do acesso e examinando seus impactos no fortalecimento das políticas públicas. Para tanto, procede-se a uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza histórico-analítica, fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica e documental, com análise de marcos normativos e produções científicas sobre a Reforma Sanitária e a consolidação do SUS. Desse modo, observa-se que a institucionalização do SUS representou ruptura estrutural com a lógica excludente anterior, ampliando a cobertura assistencial, fortalecendo a descentralização e instituindo mecanismos de participação social, ainda que persistam desafios relacionados ao financiamento e às desigualdades regionais. Conclui-se que a universalização da saúde constitui uma das mais relevantes conquistas democráticas brasileiras, cuja sustentabilidade depende de compromisso político contínuo e aprimoramento institucional permanente