Veredas do Direito (Journal)
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LEGAL REGULATION OF EXEMPTION FROM PUNISHMENT DUE TO ILLNESS: DOCTRINAL GAPS AND ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES
Full text linkThe article explores issues arising in the case of early release from serving a sentence in the form of imprisonment due to illness. The authors consider the grounds for such exemption and raise the issues of the lack of legal criteria to be considered by the court when deciding on the exemption from punishment due to illness and preventing and combating recidivism among these persons. The authors conclude that the reasons behind recidivism among prisoners released on medical grounds include the lack of control and insufficient consolidation of norms regulating legal relations arising with this category of persons after their release in criminal, penal, and criminal procedural legislation
A STUDY OF COMMUNICATION FOR MAINTENANCE: A CASE OF SHANGHAI PORCELAIN ART INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE
Full text linkConservation and dissemination of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is becoming a more critical issue in the globalization and digital revolution. The case of Shanghai Porcelain Art, which is a distinct urban handicraft that combines the classical Chinese porcelain production with the aesthetics of Shanghai and a lack of interactions with the public, is explained by the limited communication possibilities and underuse of digital resources. This paper discusses the aspects of the spread of Shanghai Porcelain Art and also analyzes how digital technologies and especially virtual reality (VR) can be used to enhance the inheritance and cultural transmission of heritage. The study adopted a quantitative research design with 350 stakeholders, including inheritors, artists, cultural practitioners, students and other persons as the general population using an integrated approach with uses and Gratifications Theory, Technology Acceptance Model and immersion-based digital heritage theory. Data was analysed through descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and mediation analyses. The results show that there exists the substantial positive correlation between digital mode of transmission and the influence of heritage of effect of Shanghai Porcelain Art (β = 0.68, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.46). The inheritance effect, in its turn, is the one that makes a strong prediction of Shanghai culture dissemination (β = 0.74, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.55). The mediation analysis proved the existence of a partially mediating effect of the relationship between digital tools and cultural dissemination, (indirect effect = 0.55, 95% CI [0.45, 0.65], p < 0.001). The theoretical contribution of the study is its relation between the immersive digital technologies and heritage learning and cultural dissemination and its practical contribution in instructing policymakers, cultural institutions, and educators in the development of VR-based platforms to transmit heritage sustainably. Digital technologies therefore contribute to deep learning as well as active cultural involvement, which will strengthen the succession and overall promotion of Shanghai Porcelain Art
ASSESSMENT OF COCOA CROP YIELD UNDER IRRIGATION WITH THREE TYPES OF SPRINKLERS IN FIELD CONDITIONS
Full text linkBackground: Efficient irrigation plays a crucial role in optimizing water use and improving cacao productivity, especially in regions with limited water availability. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different sprinkler types on irrigation efficiency and cacao yield in the Guayaquil-Balzar area of Ecuador. Methods: Three sprinkler models (Brazo Regulador, Banariego 5022, and Senniger) were assessed based on water distribution efficiency, irrigation time, fuel consumption, cost, and productivity outcomes. Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was calculated using climatic data to determine the ideal irrigation frequency. Results: The ETc was estimated at 3.4 mm/day, and an irrigation frequency of 7 days was recommended. Among the tested sprinklers, the Brazo Regulador demonstrated the highest water distribution efficiency and lowest irrigation time, resulting in better productivity (224 flowers/tree) and lower operational costs. Banariego 5022 followed closely in terms of productivity (197.25 flowers/tree), while the Senniger, although efficient, had lower flower production and higher operational costs due to fuel consumption. Conclusions: The Brazo Regulador sprinkler was identified as the most effective and economical solution, offering an optimal balance between performance, productivity, and cost for cacao irrigation in the study region
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN LANDSLIDE DISASTER MITIGATION: EXAMINING IMPLEMENTATION AND BENEFIT DISTRIBUTION IN MAKALE SUBDISTRICT, TANA TORAJA REGENCY, INDONESIA
Full text linkThis study examines community participation in landslide disaster mitigation in mountainous areas, focusing on two key dimensions: participation in implementation and participation in benefits. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with seven purposively selected informants, including disaster management agency officials, village leaders, and community members residing in landslide-prone areas, supplemented by field observations and document analysis. The research applies Cohen and Uphoff\u27s (1980) participation framework, specifically analyzing participation in implementation through resource contribution, administrative and coordination involvement, and program enrollment, as well as participation in benefits through material, social, and personal dimensions. Findings reveal that communities demonstrate high levels of resource mobilization rooted in indigenous mutual cooperation values, engaging actively in emergency response, infrastructure rehabilitation, and environmental maintenance activities. Administrative and coordination mechanisms function through tiered reporting systems utilizing both digital and conventional communication channels, though constrained by infrastructure limitations and predominantly reactive rather than proactive approaches. Program enrollment remains largely top-down, with limited formal mechanisms for bottom-up community-initiated proposals. Communities receive comprehensive material benefits including emergency aid and housing relocation, substantial social benefits manifested through strengthened cohesion and collective action capacity, and personal benefits encompassing basic knowledge and improved well-being, though technical capacity remains limited due to absence of practical training. The study identifies critical gaps between responsive-curative interventions and preventive-educational programs, underscoring the necessity for transitioning toward community-driven disaster risk reduction through institutionalized participatory mechanisms, hybrid communication systems, experiential capacity building, and supportive regulatory frameworks to build sustainable disaster resilience in vulnerable communities
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN VIETNAM CUSTOMS MANAGEMENT
Full text linkDigital transformation in Vietnam\u27s customs management is an inevitable trend aimed at modernizing customs operations, meeting the demands of global economic integration and trade development. The application of digital technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data analytics, electronic management systems, and the national single window connection has helped enhance inspection and supervision efficiency, shorten clearance times, and reduce costs for businesses. Simultaneously, digital transformation contributes to improving risk analysis capacity, detecting fraud, and ensuring correct and sufficient state budget revenue. However, this process also faces numerous challenges, including unsynchronized technological infrastructure, a lack of human resources with digital skills, and high requirements for information security and data protection. The synchronous implementation of digital transformation will be the key to enhancing Vietnam\u27s customs management capacity in today\u27s digital age.
A transformação digital na gestão aduaneira do Vietnã é uma tendência inevitável voltada para a modernização das operações alfandegárias, atendendo às demandas da integração econômica global e do desenvolvimento do comércio. A aplicação de tecnologias digitais, como Inteligência Artificial (IA), análise de Big Data, sistemas de gestão eletrônica e a conexão com a janela única nacional, tem ajudado a aumentar a eficiência na inspeção e supervisão, reduzir o tempo de liberação e diminuir os custos para as empresas. Ao mesmo tempo, a transformação digital contribui para melhorar a capacidade de análise de riscos, detectar fraudes e garantir a arrecadação correta e suficiente para o orçamento estatal. No entanto, esse processo também enfrenta inúmeros desafios, incluindo infraestrutura tecnológica não sincronizada, falta de recursos humanos com habilidades digitais e altas exigências de segurança da informação e proteção de dados. A implementação sincronizada da transformação digital será a chave para aprimorar a capacidade de gestão aduaneira do Vietnã na era digital atual.
 
ENHANCING CRITICAL WRITING THROUGH TECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED FLIPPED CLASSROOMS IN INDONESIAN EFL EDUCATION
Full text linkThis study quantitatively assesses the effectiveness of an e-learning-integrated flipped classroom model in developing critical writing skills among Indonesian senior high school EFL learners. Using a one-group pre-test/post-test design with 48 eleventh-grade students, data were collected through a validated critical writing test (argumentative essay rubric) and analyzed in SPSS Version 25 with paired-sample t-tests (α = .05) and Cohen’s d. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in writing scores, with the mean increasing from 65.04 (Fair) to 87.46 (Excellent), particularly in argument development, evidence use, and coherence. The study contributes original empirical evidence from an Indonesian public high school context, demonstrating how structured e-learning platform integration enhances flipped classrooms as a tool for advancing higher-order writing skills in under-researched EFL settings
BIOGRAFÍA Y DECOLONIALIDAD: EL PROYECTO VITAL DE ERNESTO CARDENAL COMO FUNDAMENTO DE UNA EDUCACIÓN CRÍTICA
Full text linkLa colonialidad persiste como estructura de poder en la educación latinoamericana, perpetuando modelos eurocéntricos que marginalizan saberes locales y cosmovisiones indígenas. Frente a este escenario, la poesía emerge como espacio de resistencia epistémica, pero su interfaz con la educación decolonial permanece subexplorada. Este artículo analiza cómo la trayectoria biográfica de Ernesto Cardenal configura una pedagogía decolonial centrada en la interdisciplinariedad, la espiritualidad comprometida y la comunidad como sujeto colectivo. A través de una investigación biográfica cualitativa, se articula análisis documental y diálogo crítico con autores decoloniales. El estudio revela que episodios clave de su vida son fundamentales para comprender su propuesta educativa. Los resultados muestran que: (a) su infancia y formación jesuíta moldearon una sensibilidad ético-estética que integra arte, fe y compromiso social; (b) Solentiname funcionó como laboratorio pedagógico donde la teología de la liberación se materializó en práctica comunitaria; (c) sus conflictos con el Vaticano y el sandinismo ortodoxo expresan una coherencia decolonial que prioriza la ética sobre el poder. Se concluye que la biografía de Cardenal es una matriz epistémica que fundamenta un modelo educativo donde poesía, mística y política convergen para formar sujetos críticos capaces de reexistir a las estructuras coloniales
INCLUSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORT POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY IN INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JAKARTA AND SURABAYA
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the efforts of the Jakarta and Surabaya city governments in realizing inclusive public transportation. Considering that Jakarta and Surabaya are metropolitan cities and regions with very rapid urbanization in Indonesia, this study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The choice of qualitative method is adjusted to the research objective, namely, to analyze the research object in depth based on field data obtained from data sources. The results of the study indicate that the government has succeeded in prioritizing accessibility for vulnerable groups, including people with disabilities, the elderly, women, and children, through user-friendly designs such as wheelchair ramps, hydraulic lifts, guiding blocks, and optimal lighting at bus stops. However, there are very significant differences between Jakarta and Surabaya, especially in mobility access and facilities to and within public transportation. Meanwhile, the level of public participation in using public transportation is also very high, with people in Jakarta using public transportation more as an alternative to reduce congestion and air pollution. This is certainly part of the community\u27s ease of mobility. Meanwhile, in Surabaya, the level of public participation is very high due to the innovation of the payment system that not only uses e-money but also uses plastic bottles as travel tickets
THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND DIGITAL MARKETING: TRANSFORMING CONSUMER-BRAND RELATIONSHIPS AMONG DIGITAL NATIVES
Full text linkSocial media has revolutionized consumer behavior, particularly among digital natives, who are deeply integrated into digital ecosystems. This study explores the evolution of social media from its origins in Usenet to modern platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, emphasizing its role in shaping consumer interactions and purchase intentions. User-generated content (UGC) and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) have emerged as critical tools for self-expression, community-building, and influencing consumer decisions. For digital natives, trust, authenticity, and seamless online experiences are pivotal in guiding purchasing behavior. The research highlights the growing influence of social media marketing, particularly in regions like Pakistan, where digital platforms drive dining and e-commerce decisions. It also examines the interplay between B2C and B2B social media strategies, emphasizing the importance of transparency and ethical marketing in fostering trust and loyalty. As businesses navigate the digital landscape, leveraging relationship marketing and adapting to the preferences of tech-savvy consumers are essential for brand visibility and long-term engagement
RESEARCH ON THE ASSETIZATION EVALUATION MECHANISM FOR DIGITAL RESOURCES OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS IN GUIZHOU PROVINCE
Full text linkDriven by both the digital economy and cultural digitalization strategies, digital resources have become core assets of cultural institutions. This study takes Guizhou Province as a case, focusing on the construction and practice of an evaluation mechanism for the assetization of cultural institutions’ digital resources. Using literature review, case analysis, and quantitative modeling, the study systematically reviews concepts and theories of digital assets and assessment, and incorporates Guizhou’s characteristic resources such as revolutionary (red) culture and ethnic intangible heritage. Distinct evaluation models were designed for commercial and non-commercial cultural institutions: a multi-period excess earnings method for the former and an adjusted cost method for the latter; the “Red Ribbon” Digital Art Museum and the Guizhou Provincial Library were selected as representative cases for empirical validation. Results indicate that the proposed evaluation mechanism can effectively identify the potential economic value and social effectiveness of digital resources, providing a scientific basis for resource optimization and sustainable operation. Policy recommendations are offered to strengthen legal standards, enhance technical support, and cultivate a market ecosystem, thereby promoting the shift of Guizhou’s cultural digital resources from "resource custody" to "asset operation" and offering reference for regional cultural digitalization across China