Journals of Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
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Aktivitas Ramuan Herbal sebagai Antagonis Reseptor H1, Relaksan Otot Polos dan Penghambat Degranulasi Sel Mast sebagai Antiasmatik
Get PDFAsthma is still become a major health problem worldwide, affected all ages from pediatrics to
adults. The severity of the disease vary from mild to severe and leads to the risk of death. The
uses of medicinal plants as antiasthmatic have often been conducted by the local community.
The present study was conducted in vitro and in vivo to determine the activities of herbs
containing of sembung leaves (Blumea balsamifera L.), kemukus seeds (Piper cubeba L.), teki
rhizome (Cyperus rotundus L.), and patikan kebo herbs (Euphorbia hirta L.) with certain ratio
as an antiasthmatic. The in vitro test was carried out on isolated smooth muscle cells of guinea
pig. Histamine was used to stimulate the contraction of smooth muscle cells of guinea pig
trachea. The in vivo test was carried out using guinea pigs which sensitized with ovalbumin
and administered with the herbs formula. The trachea of guinea pigs were prepared for
histopathological examination and stained on toluidine blue. The result revealed that the
antiasthmatic herbs of 1, 2, and 3 showed activities as H1 receptor antagonists. The
antiasthmatic herbs of 1, 2, and 3 were able to relax the smooth muscle of guinea pig’s trachea
that was experiencing contraction, but in lower level compared to theophylline. The
antiasthmatic herbs formula in this study did not have the activity to inhibit mast cell
degranulation
AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK DAN PENGHAMBATAN MIGRASI SEL KANKER 4T1 DARI EKSTRAK DAUN WARU (Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn.)
Get PDFKanker payudara merupakan jenis penyakit kanker dengan prevalensi tertinggi di Indonesia. Kegagalan dalam terapi kanker akibat resistensi sel telah mendorong upaya pengembangan obat anti kanker, terutama dari bahan alam. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan daun waru memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas sitotoksik dan penghambatan migrasi sel oleh ekstrak daun waru terhadap sel kanker payudara 4T1. Ekstrak daun waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn.) diperoleh dengan metode maserasi. Uji sitotoksisitas ekstrak daun waru dilakukan dengan MTT assay. Uji penghambatan migrasi sel dilakukan dengan metode scratch wound healing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai IC50 pada sel 4T1 sebesar 892,4 µg/mL. Ekstrak daun waru konsentrasi 892 μg/mL, 446 dan 223 µg/mL mampu menghambat migrasi sel kanker payudara 4T1 berdasarkan persentase penutupan sel pada jam ke 18, 24 dan 42. Dengan demikian, ekstrak daun waru berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai agen antimigrasi pada sel kanker payudara 4T1
Faktor Karakteristik Kepala Keluarga yang Berhubungan dengan Kepemilikan Jamban di Desa Bengawan Ampar Kabupaten Landak
No full textEnvironmental health is the main problem experienced by Indonesian people, particularly related with indicators of healthy houses, including the availability of toilets, safe drinking water, and household waste management. The environmental health problems in West Kalimantan is also similar, including low number of households having both access and improved sanitation, ownership of the improved sanitation in each household. The low access to latrines certainly indicates that there are many people who still defecate openly . The purpose of this study cross-sectional study is to determine factors related to the latrine ownership in Bengawan Ampar Village, Landak Regency. Variables of the study included education of householders, knowledge regarding toilet of householders , and healthy behavior of the family and ownership of a toilet. The population is residents of Bengawan Ampar Village, Kuala Behe District, Landak Regency, and the sample size from proportional random sampling was 73 households. The instrumentused is a structured questionnaire and data collected were . analyzed using chi square test. The results of the analysis showed a significant relationship between education (p = 0.038), knowledge (p = 0.001), income (p = 0.005), and actions (p = 0.000) on latrine ownership. The study suggested that there is a need to increase knowledge, education, cleans, and healthy behaviour, have more job options and have better access to clean water. In addition, sanitationmanagers should be able to provide guidance and counseling to the community.
Abstrak
Kesehatan lingkungan masih menjadi masalah utama masyarakat Indonesia, terutama berkaitan dengan indikator rumah sehat yang meliputi kepemilikan jamban sehat, ketersediaan air minum, dan pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga. Masalah kesehatan lingkungan di Wilayah Kalimantan Barat adalah masih rendahnya rumah tangga yang memiliki sarana sanitasi (jamban) baik secara akses maupun jenis sarana yang layak. Rendahnya akses jamban tentu diikuti dengan sebagian masyarakat yang masih buang air besar baik di sembarang tempat. Tujuan penelitian potong lintang ini adalah menentukan determinan kepemilikan jamban di Desa Bengawan Ampar Kabupaten Landak dengan meliputi pendidikan kepala keluarga, pengetahuan kepala keluarga terkait jamban, dan perilaku hidup bersih keluarga. Populasi penelitian adalah penduduk DesaBengawan Ampar dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 73 KK yang diambil secara proportional random sampling dengan instrument kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dan hasilnya menunjukkan hubungan antara pendidikan (p = 0,038), pengetahuan (p = 0,001), pendapatan (p = 0,005), dan tindakan (p = 0,000) terhadap kepemilikan jamban. Simpulan penelitian adalah terdapat hubungan yang siginifikan antara variabel pendidikan, pengetahuan, pendapatan, dan tindakan terhadap kepemilikan jamban. Saran dalam penelitian ini perlunya peningkatan pengetahuan, akses pendidikan, tindakan perilaku air bersih dan sehat,lapangan pekerjaan dalam meningkatkan pendapatan serta akses terhadap air bersih bagi masyarakat Desa Bengawan Ampar. Selain itu bagi pengelola sanitasi agar dapat memberikan pembinaan dan , penyuluhan kepada masyarakat. 
Determinan Kejadian Anemia Pada Balita Di Indonesia
No full textThe prevalence of anemia in children under five tends to increase from year to year. The impact onmortality and the quality of human resources in the future due to the incidence of anemia, encourages thegovernment to carry out more optimal handling. There are many factors that cause the high prevalence ofanemia in children under five, this article aims to find the determinants associated with anemia in childrenunder five in Indonesia. The preparation of this article uses data from the integration of Riskesdas 2018 andSusenas in March 2018. The samples in this analysis are children under five who are the samples ofSusenas and Riskesdas. Sampling was carried out using the PPS method using Two-Stage SystematicSampling. To find out the determinants related to the incidence of anemia in children under five, BinaryLogistics Regression was used, unadjusted and adjusted. Unadjusted sees the relationship of eachindependent variable to the dependent variable without being influenced by other variables, while adjustedsees the relationship of all independent variables to the dependent variable simultaneously. The results ofthe analysis showed that the prevalence of anemia in children under five was 40.4%, unadjusted, thedeterminants related to anemia were the children under five, the number of household members (ART) andthe economic status of the family, while from the adjusted analysis the influential determinants were thechild's age and economic status. family. Determinants in the age group of children and economic status,both unadjusted and adjusted, have the same pattern, age groups are easier to have a higher risk ofdeveloping anemia compared to the older group, as well as based on family economic status, familyeconomy has a protective relationship to the incidence of anemia in children. children under five, familieswith better economic conditions, can prevent anemia in children under five. Efforts that can be made toreduce the incidence of anemia in children under five in Indonesia include reducing the incidence of anemiain pregnant women in order to reduce the incidence of anemia in children under 24 months. To overcomethis problem, there is counseling about the importance of consuming high-protein foods for children underfive, either in posyandu or other health service facilities, either actively (through face-to-face counseling) orthrough indirect counseling (through posters or leaflets).
Abstrak
Prevalensi anemia anak balita cenderung menunjukan kenaikan dari tahun ke tahun. Dampak terhadap kematian dan kualitas sumber daya manusia dimasa mendatang akibat kejadian anemia, mendorong pemerintah untuk melakukan penanganan yang lebih optimal. Ada banyak faktor yang menyebabkan tingginya prevalensi anemia pada anak balita, artikel ini bertujuan mencari determinan yang behubungan dengan anemia pada balita di Indonesia. Penyusunan artikel ini menggunakan data integrasi Riskedas 2018 dan Susenas bulan maret 2018. Sampel dalam analisis ini adalah anak balita yang menjadi sampel susenas dan riskesdas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode PPS menggunakan Two-Stage Systematic Sampling. Untuk mengetahui determinan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia pada anak balita digunakan Regresi Logistics Binary, secara unadjusted dan adjusted. Unadjusted melihat keterkaitan masing-masing variabel independen terhadap dependen variabel tanpa dipengaruhi variabel lain, sedangkan adjusted melihat keterkaitan seluruh variabel independen terhadap dependen variabel secara bersamaan. Hasil analisis di dapatkan prevalensi anak balita anemia 40,4%, secara unadjusted diperoleh determinan yang berhubungan dengan anemia adalah usia balita, jumlah anggota rumah tangga (ART) dan status ekonomi keluarga, sedangkan dari analisis adjusted determinan yang berpengaruh adalah usia anak dan status ekonomi keluarga. Determinan pada kelompok usia anak dan status ekonomi baik secara unadjusted maupun adjusted mempunyai pola yang sama kelompok usia lebih muda mempunyai risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami anemia dibandingkan dengan kelompok lebih tua, begitu pula berdasarkan status ekonomi keluarga, ekonomi keluarga mempunyai hubungan protektif terhadap kejadian anemia pada anak balita, keluarga dengan ekonomi lebih baik, dapat mencegah terjadinya anemia pada anak balita. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan kejadian anemia pada anak balita di Indonesia diantaranya dengan menurunkan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil agar dapat menurunkan kejadian anemia anak dibawah 24 bulan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tesebut penyuluhan tentang pentingnya mengonsumsi makanan tinggi protein bagi anak balita baik di posyandu ataupun fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan lainnya baik secara aktif (melalui penyuluhan tatap muka) atau melalui penyuluhan tidak langsung (melalui poster ataupun leaflet)
STUDI KEPATUHAN KONSUMSI TABLET TAMBAH DARAH (TTD) DAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI TERKAIT ANEMIA PADA SISWA PEREMPUAN DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN (SMK) KOTA BEKASI, INDONESIA
Get PDFBackground. Anemia is a global nutrition problem, especially in developing countries. Several studied found that around 30 percent of the adolescent was anemia, especially in girls. Compliance with iron-folic acid (IFA) tablet consumption is the most influential factor in the successful improvement of iron status and combat anemia. Objective. This study aimed to know the relationship between compliance of IFA tablet consumption and anemi-related nutrient intake with the anemia among girl-students in Vocational High School in Bekasi City, Indonesia. Method. This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in five vocational high schools, with 345 samples. Samples were collected with a purposive sampling technique. Inclusive criteria for the sample are age between 12 and 18, healthy and able to be a subject, and excluded girls that were fasting and or menstruation. Hemoglobin (Hb) measured with the cyanmethemoglobin method, Hb under 12 g/dl was categorized as anemia. The compliance was assessed with a validated questionnaire and a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to measure and determine the nutrients intake. Data analyzed by univariate and bivariate. Results. The study found that 30.7 percent of girls were anemia and 48.1 percent as mild anemia (Hb 11–11.9 g/dl). From 74 percent who have not a compliant consumed IFA tablet, 34.3 percent was anemia. Most students have enough intake of protein and other macronutrients. In contrast, the study found more than 60 percent of students have less iron, vitamin C, and vitamin B12. There was no significant relationship among compliance IFA, energy intake, protein intake, fat intake, carbohydrates intake, iron intake, vitamin A intake, vitamin B12 intake, and vitamin C intake with the anemia (p>0.05). Conclusion. There was no relationship between compliance and nutrient intake with anemia. Nevertheless, nutrient intake can be related to anemia as well as compliance with iron tablet consumption. Research suggested that nutrition programs at school should be established, well monitoring, and evaluated
Formulasi Sediaan Minuman Serbuk Fungsional Kombinasi Biji Jagung (Zea mays L. ) dan Madu
Get PDFCorn is a food ingredient that contains carotenoids that are very potential in preventing cancer,
adding endurance, as antivirals, fungi, and parasites, carotenoids are also good for vision,
growth and reproduction. The highest carotenoid compound in corn is lutein which has potential
as an immunomodulator. Honey is also immunomodulatory by triggering macrophages to
produce cytokines involved in killing bacteria and tissue repair. The combination of corn and
honey in one drink will produce a health supplement preparation that contains antioxidants and
immunomodulators that are good for health. The goal of this study was to get the best formula
of instant granules physically. Instant granules are made from corn kernels that have been dried
with a combination of honey which is processed by dry granulation with variations of corn
kernels FI & FIV (15%), FII & FV (25%), FIII & FVI (35%), and FI & FIV honey (35%), FII &
FV (25%), FIII & FVI (15%). Instant granules are conducted physical test evaluations including
organoleptic tests, flow time, angle of repose, compressibility index, time of granules to dissolve,
particle distribution, pH, viscosity of reconstituted and RDA test. The results showed that the
granule flow time, angle of repose, compressibility index, time of granules to dissolve, granules
particle distribution and viscosity of reconstituted overall physical testing showed no noticeable
differences, except against the most preferred taste parameters FVI. So the best formulation has
obtained is FVI and shows the result of the RDA test with total energy of 350 kcal/100 grams
Pengembangan Nutrasetikal Es Krim Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.)
Get PDFMoringa plants ranging from fruit, flowers, leaves, skin, seeds, stems to roots have important benefits. One of the most prominent content of moringa is antioxidants, especially in the leaves which contain high antioxidants. Moringa leaves contain antioxidants in the form of interquinones, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and saponins. Moringa leaves also contain vitamin C, calcium, B vitamins, iron, vitamin A, potassium and large amounts of protein that are easily digested and absorbed by the body. The use of moringa plants in Indonesia is currently still limited. One of the efforts to increase the utilization of moringa leaves is through the development of nutraceutical products of Moringa Leaf ice cream. This study aims to obtain a nutraceutical formulation of moringa leaf ice cream for and antioxidant activity. This research is an experimental study by conducting experiments to make Moringa Leaf powder by drying at room temperature and used as an additive in ice cream products and measuring antioxidant activity. This study shows that moringa leaf powder can be formulated into nutraceutical ice cream preparations, the antioxidant activity of moringa leaf powder 50 mg and 5% ice cream is classified as weak, moringa leaf powder 100 mg and 150 mg and 10% and 15% ice cream is classified as moderate and the antioxidant activity is moderate. Moringa leaf powder did not change after being formulated into a nutraceutical preparation of moringa leaf ice cream
Efektivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Lidah Buaya dan Lidah Mertua Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes aegypti
Get PDFThe Dengue Haemoragic Fever (DHF) vector control with synthetic larvicide has an impact on health and environmental problems, so alternative plant-based insecticides are needed. The study aims to determine the larvicidal effect of a combination with Aloe vera extract and Sansivieria trifasciata on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. This study was conducted with experimental design by a post-test only with control groups design consisting of five groups. Two groups are positive control (1% temephos) and negative control (0% concentration). The other three groups served as a combination of Aloe vera extract and S. trifasciata Prain in ratio of 75%:25% (P1), 50%:50% (P2), and 25%:75% (P3). A total of 375 larvae were introduced in this study with three replications and with observation time of 30 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours until totally died 100%. The mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and probit analysis to calculate LC50 and LC90. The larvae totally died 100% after 12 hours of exposure. There are significant differences in the mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae after administration of a combination with Aloe vera extract and S. trifasciata Prain. The P1 group (The combination with Aloe vera extract and S. trifasciata Prain with a ratio of 75%:25%) was the most effective in mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae. The LC50 value is 0.517% while the LC90 value is 2.121% within 6 hours. The combination group of Aloe vera extract and mother-in-law's tongue with a ratio of 75%:25% was the most effective in causing mortality of Ae. aegypti within 6 hours
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pola Pengelompokkan Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Temanggung, Jawa Tengah
Get PDFDengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Central Java Province is in the second position after East Java-based on mortality rates and Temanggung District is one of the areas in Central Java, which is in high endemic status. The level of dependence of DHF in an area can be influenced by DHF in other adjacent areas. The spread of this disease through mosquito bites from one place to another depends on the presence of the cases and the vector of Aedes sp. This study aimed to identify factors related to the clustering pattern of DHF cases in Temanggung, Central Java. This study used a cross-sectional design and was carried out in the Kandangan Health Center Work Area, Temanggung District. The sample of this study was the houses of all DHF cases in 2020 as many as 60 houses with the research variables: the existence of Aedes sp., vector breeding sites, population density, and time of occurrence. This study uses clustering analysis in the form of the Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) test with =0.05. The results showed that the factors related to the case-grouping pattern in the Kandangan Health Center Work Area were the presence of Aedes sp., vector breeding sites, high population density, and peak dengue cases that occurred in January and February. The results of this study can be used to determine priority areas in controlling dengue cases in an area
Kontribusi Faktor Determinan Lingkungan terhadap Prevalensi Kasus Malaria di Kota Sabang, Provinsi Aceh
Get PDFThe city of Sabang has become a model for Indonesia in malaria elimination. However, currently, there is an increase in malaria cases again in Sabang City and the emergence of a new parasite species, namely Plasmodium knowlesi was transmitted through Macaca fascicularis. This study aims to analyze the influence of environmental, physical, chemical, and biological factors on the prevalence of malaria in Sabang City. This type of research is an observational survey with a cross-sectional design with a sampling technique using cluster-random sampling with a total sample of 100 houses in four research villages. Data was collected using interviews, inspections, and environmental observations carried out on 100 selected houses. Data was analyzed using statistics, univariate in the form of percentage distribution, Chi-square bivariate, and multivariate using logistic regression with the Stepwise method. Surveys of adult mosquitoes were caught at night, from 19.00 to 07.00 once in three houses in 4 villages in the research location. The results of this study showed that the physical environment (p=0.0001), the biological environment (p=0.021), and the chemical environment (p=0.011) were significantly associated with malaria cases. The physical environment was the most influential predictor of malaria cases (OR: 11.096)