Journals of Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
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Uji In Vitro Beberapa Kombinasi Antibiotik Antipseudomonas terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa yang Resisten terhadap Karbapenem
Get PDFLower respiratory tract, sepsis, or urinary tract infection caused by the multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common in the hospital, especially in the ICU wards. The treatment against this bacteria requires combination of antibiotics with different mechanism of actions. In this study, several combinations of antibiotics were evaluated in vitro against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from the ICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The combination of antibiotics tested were ceftazidime-amikacin, ceftazidime-ciprofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin-amikacin. Checkerboard assay to the combination of antibiotics was conducted to assess the in vitro synergistic activity. A total of 22 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected, 16 of them were resistant to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, as well as carbapenem. The result revealed that the combination of ceftazidime and amikacin showed promising synergistic activity. Conversely, no synergitic activities were shown by the combination of ceftazidime-ciprofloxacin and ciprofloxacin-amikacin. The combination of ceftazidime-amikacin may has potential effect againsts carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa in vitro
Optimasi Sintesa Nanokoloid Human Serum Albumin sebagai Agen Limfoskintigrafi Menggunakan Central Composite Design-Response Surface Methodology
Get PDFThe prevalence of cancer in Indonesia is increasing and various cancer treatments still have shortcomings, cancer recurrence still occurs. Lymphoscintigraphy is a method for detecting disorders of the lymphatic system, which are closely related to cancer cells. Human serum albumin nanocolloid as a lymphoscintigraphic agent consists of particles measurin
Eksplorasi Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia untuk Kebugaran: Analisis Data Riset Tumbuhan Obat dan Jamu Tahun 2012, 2015, dan 2017
Get PDFCompounding plants into health ingredients is a promotive-preventive-based health culture, which was identified in the Research on Medicinal Plants and Herbs (Ristoja). The regeneration of traditional healers who mastered herbal formulation is not going well, documentation must be carried out for better knowledge transfer process. This study documented the traditional use of plants to preserve health and fatigue, using data from Ristoja 2012, 2015 and 2017, obtained from the National Institute of Health Research and Development (Indonesian Ministry of Health), data were analyzed descriptively. The data inventory includes grouping of species-family, plant parts, method, frequency, and duration of use, cultivation/non-cultivation, origin, and method of obtaining plants. The results show that the ingredients to preserve health and relieve fatigue have a large diversification, namely 33 families and 60 species. The most widely used are from families Zingiberaceae and Myrtaceae; species Z. officinale, C. domestica, C. xanthorrhiza, P. guajava, S. aromaticum, and S. Polyantum; parts of plant leaves (71,7%) and roots (38,3%;, originally from yards, forests, and fields/gardens; mostly consumed once/day (76,7%). Plants that have been used as ingredients to preserve health and relieve fatigue have several mechanism of action, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, glycemic control, blood pressure control, and others
Media Massa dan Online sebagai Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup Balita di Indonesia: Analisis Data Sekunder SDKI 2017
No full textThe 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) report showed that the under-five The 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) report showed that the under-fivemortality rate in Indonesia was still high at 32 deaths per 1,000 live births. The study aimed to analyzethe relationship between mass media and online and other factors with the survival of children underfive in Indonesia. The type of research was quantitative analytic using secondary data from the 2017IDHS with a cross sectional study design. The sample was mothers aged 15-49 years who hadtoddlers (last-child) totaling 8,175 respondents spread throughout Indonesia. The variables collectedconsisted of sociodemographic factors, health service factors, maternal factors, and toddler factors.Mass media and online was one of variables of sociodemographic factors. We used univariateanalysis to determine the probability of child survival, bivariate analysis using Kaplan Meir and logranktests, and multivariate analysis using Cox Regression test. The results found that the overall survivalprobability of children under five (0-59 months) in Indonesia was 97.8%. Variables that were significantly related to the survival of children under five were the use of mass media and online,mothers occupation, parity, and early initiation of breastfeeding. The most dominant variable on thesurvival of children under five was the use of mass media and online. Mothers with the characteristicsof rarely using mass media and online have a three times higher hazard for toddler survivalcompared to mothers who often use mass media and online. Mass media and online can be used as aforum for education and campaigns in providing information about health, parenting, care, and othermatters for the survival of toddlers.
Abstrak
Laporan Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2017 menunjukkan bahwa angkakematian balita di Indonesia masih tinggi yaitu 32 kematian per 1.000 kelahiran hidup. Tujuanpenelitian adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan media massa dan online dan faktor lainnya dengankelangsungan hidup balita di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif analitik menggunakan datasekunder SDKI 2017 dengan desain cross sectional study. Sampel penelitian adalah iIbu usia 15-49tahun yang memiliki balita (anak terakhir) berjumlah 8.175 responden yang tersebar di seluruhIndonesia. Variabel yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari faktor sosiodemografi, faktor pelayanan kesehatan,faktor ibu, dan faktor balita. Media massa dan online merupakan salah satu variabel yang terdapatpada faktor sosiodemografi. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat untuk mengetahui probabilitaskelangsungan hidup balita, bivariat menggunakan Kaplan Meir, dan logrank test, serta multivariatdengan uji Cox Regression. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa probabilitas kelangsungan hidup balita (0-59bulan) di Indonesia secara keseluruhan adalah 97,8%. Variabel yang berhubungan signifikan dengankelangsungan hidup balita adalah penggunaan media massa dan online, pekerjaan ibu, paritas, daninisiasi menyusu dini (IMD). Variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup balitaadalah penggunaan media massa dan online. Ibu dengan karakteristik jarang menggunakan mediamMassa dan online mempunyai hazard 3 tiga kali lebih tinggi untuk ketidakberkelangsungan hidupbalita dibandingkan dengan ibu yang sering menggunakan media massa dan online. Media massadan online dapat dijadikan sebagai wadah edukasi dan kampanye dalam pemberian informasi tentangkesehatan, pengasuhan, perawatan, dan hal-hal lainnya untuk kelangsungan hidup balita
Perilaku Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri dalam Upaya Pencegahan COVID-19 di Puskesmas Kawasan Terpencil dan Sangat Terpencil
No full textDuring COVID-19 pandemic, puskesmas (community health center) made various efforts in accordance with technical instructions issued by the Ministry of Health.. As an effort to prevent transmission from patients to officers and vice versa, the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is mandatory. This study aimed to determine the behavior of using PPE as an effort to prevent COVID-19, especially in health centers in remote and very remote areas. The research design used was a cross-sectional study carried out at health centers in remote and very remote areas in 21 provinces, 66 districts. The data collection tool was in the form of a google form which was distributed through the special assignment personnel for Nusantara Sehat placement in 2019. The Google form was filled out by health workers at health centers, both Nusantara Sehat personnel and not. The data collection period was May-June 2020. The results showed that the behavior of health workers in remote and very remote community health centers in using complete PPE was not good. The use of PPE was generally high in personnel who provide services to patients, especially doctors and dentists. The reason respondents did not/sometimes use PPE was the limited number of PPE. The results of bivariate test using Chi-square test showed that involvement as a member of the Covid-19 task force team and marital status were significantly related to the behavior of using complete PPE. Meanwhile, the type of assignment (UKP and UKM), and gender were not statistically related. In an effort to prevent the spread of Covid-19, it is recommended that health workers at health centers improve the behavior of using PPE properly according to standards. For this reason, the Health Office should prioritize the procurement and distribution of PPE, and provide adequate training to health care professionals in its use.
Abstrak
Pada masa pandemi COVID-19, puskesmas melakukan berbagai upaya pencegahan penularan sesuai dengan petunjuk teknis yang diterbitkan Kementerian Kesehatan. Dalam upaya pencegahan penularan dari pasien ke petugas dan juga sebaliknya, penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) menjadi wajib. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku penggunaan APD dalam upaya pencegahan COVID-19 terutama di puskesmas kawasan terpencil dan sangat terpencil. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang, dilakukan pada puskesmas daerah terpencil dan sangat terpencil di 21 provinsi, 66 kabupaten. Alat pengumpul data berupa google form yang disebarkan melalui tenaga penugasan khusus Nusantara Sehat penempatan tahun 2019. Google form diisi oleh tenaga kesehatan di puskesmas baik tenaga Nusantara Sehat ataupun bukan. Rentang waktu pengumpulan data selama bulan Mei-Juni 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku tenaga kesehatan di puskesmas daerah terpencil dan sangat terpencil dalam memakai APD secara lengkap, belum baik. Penggunaan APD secara umum tinggi pada tenaga yang memberikan pelayanan kepada pasien terutama dokter dan dokter gigi. Alasan responden tidak/kadang-kadang menggunakan APD adalah adanya keterbatasan jumlah APD. Hasil uji bivariat dengan menggunakan Chi-square test memperlihatkan bahwaketerlibatan sebagai anggota tim satgas COVID-19 dan status perkawinan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan perilaku penggunaan APD secara lengkap. Sementara jenis penugasan (UKP dan UKM), dan jenis kelamin secara statistik tidak berhubungan. Dalam upaya pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19, disarankan agar tenaga kesehatan di puskesmas meningkatkan perilaku penggunaan APD secara baik dan sesuai dengan standar. Untuk itu Dinas Kesehatan agar memprioritaskan pengadaan dan distribusi APD, dan memberikan pelatihan yang memadai kepada profesional perawatan kesehatan dalam penggunaannya
Analisis Faktor Risiko Malaria di Asia Tenggara
Get PDFMalaria is a disease caused by the parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which are transmitted by the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. All tropical countries, including Southeast Asia, reported malaria cases. Several factors related to human behavior and the environment in which people live cause the incidence of malaria. The objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors for malaria in Southeast Asia and determine which risk variables had the greatest impact on the prevalence of malaria. This study is a review of the literature with a narrative review model using English and Indonesian journals from 2017 to 2021. The journals were obtained through the health journal provider databases Pubmed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Researchgate, and Academic.edu. Malaria risk factors in Southeast Asia are influenced by behavioral and environmental factors. Behavioral factors include not use of mosquito nets, being active at night, male gender, and risky work. Environmental factors include rural areas, open-access dwellings, housing near cattle pens, and proximity to mosquito breeding sites. Changes in human behavior to avoid mosquito contact and environmental control are required to reduce the incidence of malaria
THE INFLUENCE OF SHALLOT SOLUTION ON COLEUS (Plectranthus Scutellarioides (L.)) SEEDLING
Get PDFNurseries are the main critical phase in the cultivation of Coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br.), which is useful as a raw material for traditional medicine. The key to producing well-grown, healthy, and uniform seedlings is using exogenous hormones throughout the seedling stage. Shallot has the potential to be used as an exogenous hormone. The study was conducted with shallot concentration treatment (0, 35, 70, and 100%) and soaking time (0, 12, and 24 hours). The results show shallot's activity as an exogenous hormone in coleus seedlings, including increasing the root volume of coleus seedlings through the initiation of root hairs, altering seedling height, and stimulating seedling adventitious shoot growth. Conversely, high concentrations of shallots reduced the number of coleus seedling shoots
Proyeksi Admisi Rawat Inap Dan Kebutuhan Tempat Tidur di Rumah Sakit an Puskesmas dalam Universal Health Coverage Di Indonesia
Get PDFStrengthening service facilities is an important aspect of universal health complaints and this is consistent with the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs). The bed occupancy rate in the inpatient facility a measure of the ability of inpatient facilities to function safely and effectively. This study aims to find out the projection of inpatient admissions and beds needs in hospitals and Public Health Center in Indonesia. Analysis to projection was conducted used the Need based model method with 2015 population reference from SUPAS 2015. The results showed that the yearly inpatient admission rate in 2023 increased by around 71% (115,554 TT) compared to 2019. Conclusion The projection of inpatient admissions for PHC in 2023 increases by 20%, the average number of days of hospitalization increases by 18.38%, and the number of Beds increases by 29% compared to 2018. The projection of hospital admissions in 2023 increases by 60%, the average day of hospitalization increases by 81.62%, and the number of inpatient beds increased by 71% compared to 2018. The suggestions are needed to build inpatient facilities, strengthen the FKTP, IT development to with applications or software model need based.
Abstrak
Penguatan fasilitas layanan merupakan aspek penting dalam pencapaian cakupan kesehatan universal dan ini sejalan dengan pencapaian sustainable development goals (SDGs). Akses dan ketersediaan rawat inap menjadi perhatian utama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan peserta JKN. Tingkat hunian di fasilitas rawat inap telah diakui sebagai ukuran kemampuan fasilitas rawat inap agar berfungsi secara aman dan efektif. Untuk memenuhinya diperlukan estimasi admisi dan kebutuhan tempat tidur. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memproyeksikan kebutuhan tempat tidur rawat inap di Indonesia tahun 2023. Analisis proyeksi menggunakan metode Need based model dengan acuan penduduk Indonesia SUPAS tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat admisi rawat inap tahun di tahun 2023 meningkat sekitar 71% (115.554 TT) dibanding dengan tahun 2019 dikarenakan proyeksi pertambahan jumlah penduduk Indonesia dan kebutuhan menuju Universal Health Coverage. Kenaikan ini menyebabkan kebutuhan tempat tidur rawat inap meningkat. Kesimpulan Proyeksi admisi rawat inap Puskesmas tahun 2023 naik 20%, rerata hari rawat inap naik 18,38%, dan jumlah TT naik 29% dibanding tahun 2018. Proyeksi admisi rawat inap RS tahun 2023 naik 60%, rata hari rawat inap naik 81,62%,dan jumlah tempat tidur rawat inap naik 71% dibanding 2018. Saran: Pemenuhan FKTP selain PKM yaitu klinik dan praktek dokter dan FKTL dengan peningkatan kelas RS. Penguatan regulasi pola rujukan berjenjang yang komprehensif melibatkan swasta. Penguatan SDM serta pembenahan sarana prasarana FKTP dan FKTL yang memadai sesuai kebutuhan. Optimalisasi peran pemerintah dalam penetapan kebutuhan tempat tidur, membuka seluas-luasnya kesempatan kepada klinik dan RS swasta untuk bekerjasama dengan BPJS.
 
Faktor-faktor Determinan Perilaku Mencuci Tangan Setelah Masa ‘Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru’
Get PDFChanges in policies implemented in Indonesia before and after the New Normal policy affect the prevention habits that have been implemented by the community. Therefore, a study to determine factors affecting washing hands behavior after the implementation of the new normal policy during the COVID-19 period has been conducted in order to address this issue. This study uses two analyzes, the paired T-test which aims to determine whether there are differences in handwashing behavior among respondents before and after the new normal period, and a multivariate test using logistic regression analysis which aims to determine the factors that influence the lack of hand washing behavior. The results of this study's data analysis showed that there was a decrease in the number of respondents who had washed their hands well before and after new normal policy (73.75% to 67.75%). The results of the analysis also show that the lack of hand washing habits is related to factors such as education, intensity of seeking information related to COVID-19, have had positive for COVID-19, and anxiety due to information received. Meanwhile, age, gender, and income have no effect on this behavior. Hopefully, these results can be used as a foundation for the making of policies to improve health promotion and education on proper handwashing to targeted communities, such as people with low education level, rarely seek information, or are not anxious about COVID-19 disease. Image media can also be used to increase the interest of these targeted people towards information related to COVID-19.
Abstrak
Perubahan kebijakan yang diterapkan di Indonesia sebelum dan setelah kebijakan “New normal”/Adaptasi kebiasaan baru (AKB) dapat mempengaruhi upaya pencegahan penyakit di masyarakat. Informasi terkait perubahan perilaku masyarakat setelah diberlakukannya suatu kebijakan pemerintah sangat penting diketahui. Oleh karena itu, studi tentang faktor-faktor penentu kebiasaan mencuci tangan setelah diterapkannya kebijakan Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru (“New normal”) AKB pada masa COVID-19 telah dilakukan untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut. Studi ini melakukan dua analisis yaitu uji beda dengan menggunakan uji T berpasangan yang bertujuan untuk menentukan apakah terdapat perbedaan perilaku mencuci tangan pada responden sebelum dan setelah masa adaptasi kebiasaan baru dan uji multivariat menggunakan analisis regresi logistik yang bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor yang berpengaruh pada kurangnya perilaku mencuci tangan pada responden. Hasil analisis data studi ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan jumlah responden yang tadinya mencuci tangan dengan baik pada masa sebelum adaptasi kebiasaan baru (73,75%) menjadi kurang baik di masa setelah adaptasi kebiasaan baru (67,75%). Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya kebiasaan mencuci tangan berhubungan dengan faktor-faktor seperti pendidikan, intensitas pencarian informasi terkait COVID-19, pernah positif COVID-19, dan kecemasan akibat informasi yang diterima. Sedangkan umur, gender, dan pendapatan tidak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku ini. Diharapkan hasil studi ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar untuk pengembangan kebijakan promosi dan edukasi kesehatan terkait kebiasaan cuci tangan yang benar terhadap orang-orang yang ditargetkan, seperti orang-orang dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah, jarang mencari informasi, atau orang-orang yang tidak khawatir terhadap penyakit COVID-19. Media gambar juga dapat digunakkan untuk meningkatkan ketertarikan masyarakat yang ditargetkan ini terhadap informasi terkait COVID-19