Journals of Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
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Gambaran Pelaksanaan Program Vaksinasi Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Di Dua Puskesmas Di Kota Jakarta Pusat Tahun 2020
Get PDFHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor for cervical cancer. HPV vaccination among adolescents may prevent the disease. Jakarta Province has been implementing an HPV vaccination program since 2016. This research aimed to know the overview of the HPV vaccination program in Central Jakarta in 2020. This research was a qualitative study conducted in the City of Central Jakarta from March till June 2020. Informants of the research were 12 persons from Central Jakarta Health Office, PHCs, Central Jakarta Education Office, and teachers from elementary schools selected purposively. Primary data was collected through interview using a structured questionnaire. Secondary data was from the report of the Jakarta Provincial Health Office. Data were analyzed using content analysis for planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring, evaluation, intersectoral collaboration and coverage. The study results showed that the HPV vaccination program was conducted through planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring and evaluation, with intersectoral collaboration. The problem was vaccine availability, invalid target data, lack of teachers involved, rejection from parents and lack of PHC providers. Monitoring and evaluation were not conducted adequately in the schools, and there was an obstacle in private schools for vaccination. The vaccinaton coverage was 90.98% in 2016, 95.40% in 2017, and 94.55% in2018. In conclusion, the HPV vaccination program in Central Jakarta was running but needed strengthening. It is recommended to strengthen the coordination in vaccines supply, update target data, increase education, involve the Education office and schools in monitoring and evaluation, and collaborate with community and religious leaders.
Abstrak
Human PapillomaVirus (HPV) merupakan faktor risiko utama terjadinya kanker serviks. Vaksinasi HPV pada remaja dapat mencegah kanker serviks. Provinsi DKI Jakarta telah mengembangkan program vaksinasi HPV sejak tahun 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran program vaksinasi HPV di Jakarta Pusat tahun 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kualitatif yang dilaksanakan di Kota Jakarta Pusat pada Maret - Juni 2020. Informan penelitian adalah 12 orang dari Sudin Kesehatan dan Puskesmas, Sudin Pendidikan, dan guru Sekolah Dasar yang dipilih secara purposif. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dari Dinkes Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Data dianalisis dengan analisis konten untuk mengetahui perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, monitoring dan evaluasi, kerja sama lintas sektor, serta cakupan program vaksinasi HPV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan program vaksinasi HPV dilaksanakan melalui perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, monitoring dan evaluasi, dengan kerja sama lintas sektor. Kendala dan hambatan yang terjadi adalah ketersediaan vaksin, ketidaksesuaian data sasaran, kurangnya guru yang terlibat, penolakan orang tua dan kurangnya petugas kesehatan. Monitoring dan evaluasi belum dilaksanakan sepenuhnya di sekolah dan masih ada hambatan vaksinasi pada sekolah swasta. Cakupan program vaksinasi HPV sebesar 90,98% pada 2016, 95,40% pada 2017 dan 94,55% pada 2018. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah program vaksinasi HPV di Jakarta Pusat dilaksanakan tetapi perlu penguatan. Saran yang diberikan adalah penguatan koordinasi dalam penyediaan vaksin HPV, pemutakhiran data sasaran, peningkatan edukasi, pelibatan Sudin Pendidikan dan sekolah dalam monitoring dan evaluasi, dan kerja sama dengan tokoh masyarakat dantokoh agama
Religiositas Dan Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar Pada Anak
Get PDFInformation on the absence of basic immunization due to religious reasons and the general overview of immunization coverage among religious believers in Indonesia is still limited. This study aims to examine the relationship between parental religiosity and basic immunization status on children because there are still many children who are not fully immunized in Indonesia. This study used cross-sectional data of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2007 and 2014 with the unit of analysis for families having children aged 1-5 years. Our estimations using ordered logistic regression confirm that there is a relationship between religiosity on the parents' decision to perform basic immunization on their children. The differences in religiosity patterns in 2007 and 2014 illustrate changes in individual religious behavior towards the basic immunization program. These changes occur through religious social support.
Abstrak
Informasi tidak dilakukannya imunisasi dasar karena alasan agama masih terbatas dan gambaran cakupan imunisasi di antara pemeluk agama di Indonesia secara aktual belum dapat diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara religiositas orang tua dengan status imunisasi dasar pada anak dikarenakan masih banyaknya anak yang tidak diberikan imunisasi secara lengkap di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sumber data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) Tahun 2007 dan 2014 dengan unit analisis keluarga yang memiliki anak usia 1-5 tahun dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi ordered logistic. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara religiositas terhadap keputusan orang tua untuk melakukan imunisasi dasar pada anaknya. Perbedaan pola religiositas tahun 2007 dan 2014 menggambarkan adanya perubahan perilaku beragama individu terhadap program imunisasi dasar. Perubahan tersebut dapat terjadi melalui dukungan sosial keagamaan
Efektivitas Larvasida Granul Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pisang Nangka (Musa x paradisiaca L.) terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Get PDFMusa x paradisiaca L. leaves are known to contain phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and other compounds that can be used as larvicides. This study aims to determine the effect of Musa x paradisiaca L leaves’ ethanol extract granules on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. The Research was experimental in two stages of effectiveness testing, that are extract and granule formula effectiveness test. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test. The extraction method used was maceration using 96% ethanol. The concentration of the extract dosage used were 0.2; 0.5; 1; 2; and 4%, with control (+) temephos and control (-). Repetitions were carried out 3 times with a sample total of 675 larvae. Observations were made for 12 and 24 hours. Preparation of granules using 2 formulas, formula 1 granules without extract and formula 2 granules with the extract. To fulfill the granule formulation criteria, the preparation was evaluated. The results showed that the concentration of 4% extract was the most effective at 98.7%, as stated by the Kruskal-Wallis test result,p-value <0.05, which means that there was an effect on the effectiveness of larvicide. The percentage of mortality of larvae given formula 2 is 100% and based on the Mann-Whitney test with value p<0.05, there is a difference between granule 1 and 2 formula. Criteria of granule including moisture content (1.72 %), angle of rest 240, flow velocity (50 gr/sec), and dispersion time (2.25 minutes). The granular formula of Musa x paradisiaca L leaves can make the application easier and hopefully can be used as effectively as synthetic larvicide in the community
Analisa Keberhasilan Program Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Massal (POPM) Filariasis Re-TAS 1 di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara
Get PDFDistrict of Hulu Sungai Utara conducted an additional 2 (two) rounds of Mass Drug Administration (MDA) for filariasis prevention in 2014 and 2015 that resulted in the success of the re-Transmission Assessment Survey Phase 1 (re-TAS 1) in 2016. This study was conducted to identify factors affecting the technical aspects of the aforementioned two additional rounds of MDA. This is a descriptive qualitative study, with a cross-sectional study design. The research was performed from September to November 2017. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with some executive stakeholders (health workers, cadres, community leaders, local women group) involved in the implementation of MDA for the filariasis elimination program. The result from indepth interviews shows the presence of technical factors at the execution level which supports the smooth implementation of the two additional rounds of MDA. Those factors include communication, resources, operational standard, bureaucracy, and pharmaceutical innovation. The success of the additional MDA roundswas marked by the absence of the re-TAS sample that was tested positive of Brugia Rapid™. The pharmaceutical innovation which transforms the dosage form of the medication into powdered form with some additional sweetener that was done in 2014-2015 can improve coverage of the treatment as well as the medication adherence for the early childhood population group. Changing pharmaceutical dosage forms require additional support in the form of human resources, infrastructure as well as financin
PERMASALAHAN SOSIAL BUDAYA DAN ALTERNATIF KEBIJAKAN DALAM UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI KABUPATEN SOLOK, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Get PDFABSTRACT
The problem of stunting is still a serious concern in Indonesia, including in West Sumatra Province. Data from Riskesdas 2018 revealed that the prevalence for short and very short children under five in West Sumatra is 30%, and was close to the national prevalence (30.8%). This study aims to describe the socio-cultural problems, local potential, and formulate alternative policies in effort to prevent and control stunting in children under five in Solok Regency. The research design used qualitative methods. Primary data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews and observations. The technique of selecting informants was done purposively. The results of the study revealed that the socio-cultural problems in efforts to prevent and control stunting in toddlers are still limited public knowledge about the causes and efforts to prevent stunting, inadequate understanding of the importance of balanced nutritional needs, and the behavior, parenting patterns, and feeding habits og toddlers who does not support the prevention and control of stunting in children under five. It is recommended that there should be alternative policies and action plans for stunting prevention, among others, by increasing knowledge through socialization about the risk of stunting on children's intelligence, increase participation and community empowerment for stunting prevention by utilizing the local potential such as curd and bilih fish in Solok Regency, West Sumatera Province.
Keywords: Socio-culture, stunting, toddlers, policies, local potential
ABSTRAK
Permasalahan stunting masih menjadi perhatian yang serius di Indonesia termasuk di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Data hasil Riskesdas tahun 2018 mengungkapkan bahwa data prevalensi pendek dan sangat pendek pada balita di Sumatera Barat adalah sebesar 30%, dan mendekati prevalensi nasional (30,8%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan permasalahan sosial budaya, potensi lokal, dan merumuskan alternatif kebijakan dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan stunting pada balita di Kabupaten Solok. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Teknik pemilihan informan dilakukan secara purposive. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa permasalahan sosial budaya dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan stunting pada balita adalah masih terbatasnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang penyebab dan upaya pencegahan stunting, belum memadainya pemahaman tentang pentingnya kebutuhan gizi yang seimbang, dan adanya perilaku, pola asuh serta kebiasaan pemberian makanan pada balita yang kurang mendukung upaya pencegahan serta penanggulangan stunting pada balita. Disarankan perlu adanya alternatif kebijakan dan rencana aksi penanggulangan stunting antara lain dengan peningkatan pengetahuan melalui sosialisasi tentang risiko stunting terhadap kecerdasan anak, peningkatan partisipasi dan pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk penanggulangan stunting dengan memanfaatkan potensi lokal seperti dadih dan ikan bilih di Kabupaten Solok, Provinsi Sumatera Barat.
Kata kunci: Sosial budaya, stunting, balita, kebijakan, potensi loka
PENGARUH AIR REBUSAN DAUN BINAHONG DALAM MEMPERCEPAT PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PERINEUM MASA NIFAS
Get PDFInfeksi nifas menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian ibu di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Beberapa penyebab pemicu terjadinya infeksi nifas seperti pelayanan kebidanan, daya tahan tubuh, perawatan nifas, gizi, anemia dan kebersihan genetalia. Pada masa nifas penting untuk merawat luka perineum karena kuman bisa masuk melalui luka bekas jahitan pada perineum agar tidak menyebabkan infeksi. Salah satu alternatif terapi nonfarmakologis yang dapat digunakan untuk penyembuhan luka perineum masa nifas adalah daun binahong. Tujuan penelitian ini menguji pengaruh daun binahong dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka perineum pada masa nifas. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan quasi experimental dengan pendekatan posttest only control group design. Posttest only control group design merupakan pengumpulan data dilakukan sesudah perlakuan. Total sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 32 orang ibu nifas sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Data diobservasi berupa derajat kesembuhan luka perineum dengan menggunakan instrumen lembar observasi penyembuhan luka perineum pada skala REEDA (Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge dan Approximation). Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat pengaruh pemberian rebusan Daun binahong terhadap penyembuhan luka perineum pada ibu nifas. Rerata hasil uji Uji statistik Mann Whitney, pada kelompok perlakuan adalah 11,83 lebih rendah dibandingkan pada kelompok kontrol, yaitu 21,8 (p-value = 0,001). Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian rebusan daun binahong mampu mempercepat penyembuhan luka perineum dibandingkan iodine povidone 10%. Daun binahong dapat menjadi alternatif terapi komplementer pada ibu nifas yang mengalami luka robekan perineum.
One of the main causes of maternal death in developing countries is puerperal infection. Midwifery care, body immunity, postnatal care, nutrition, anemia and genetalia hygiene are factors that trigger puerperal infections. The perineal rupture if not treated properly will cause an infection in the suture wound in the perineum. Wound care is important because germs can enter through the suture marks on the perineum and cause infection. Non-pharmacological therapies that can be used to accelerate wound healing are Anredera cordifolia. The research design was quasi experimental with posttest approach Only Control Group Design, namely data collection was done after treatment. The total sample was 32 postpartum mothers according to inclusion criteria. The data observed in this study were the degree of healing of perineal wounds using the REEDA scale perineal wound healing observation sheet instrument (Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge and Approximation). Based on the results of the Mann Whitney test, the mean rank of the results in the treatment group was 11.83 lower than the control group, namely 21.8 (p-value = 0.001). Effect of giving Anredera cordifolia leaves on the healing of perineal wounds in postpartum mothers significantly. Care with giving Anredera cordifolia leaves can accelerate the healing of perineal wounds compared to 10% iodine povidone. Anredera cordifolia leaves can be used as a complementary therapy for postpartum mothers who experience perineal torn wounds
Gambaran Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Tradisional pada Penduduk Lanjut Usia di Indonesia
Get PDFOne of the health efforts that have the opportunity to improve the health status of the elderly is traditional health services (Yankestrad). This paper aims to describe the use of Yankestrad among the elderly in Indonesia. The data source in this analysis is Riskesdas 2018, a research conducted by the Ministry of Health with the elderly (≥60 years) as the analysis unit. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the use of Yankestrad in the elderly was 37.0% and self-medication with traditional medicine was 17.3%. Young elderly people mostly use Yankestrad (37.9%), while self-medication with traditional medicine are dominated by elderly women (18.3%) in rural areas (19.5%). The use of Toga in the elderly in Indonesia (31.9%), mostly women (33.3%) in rural areas (36.3%). The most common types of Yankestrad used by the elderly were manual skills, potions, and homemade potions. Male elderly (55.5%) in urban areas (56.5%) used more prepared ingredients, while female elderly (43.6%) in rural areas (46.5%) preferred homemade ingredients. Older people with low expenditure levels tend to take advantage of prepared ingredients or homemade ingredients, while high expenditures tend to take advantage of manual skills. Traditional healers (98.2%) are the type of yakestrad used mostly by the elderly. In conclusion, Yankestrad in Indonesia is mostly used by the elderly, therefore it has the potential to be developed as an alternative model of health services for the elderly. Given the high interest of the elderly with Yankestrad and the use of traditional healers, it is necessary to provide Yankestrad facilities, especially in Puskesmas with traditional health workers who are able to provide safe and quality health services to the elderly.
Abstrak
Salah satu upaya kesehatan yang berpeluang meningkatkan status kesehatan lansia adalah pelayanan kesehatan tradisional (Yankestrad). Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pemanfaatan Yankestrad pada penduduk lansia di Indonesia. Sumber data dalam analisis ini adalah Riskesdas 2018. Riset yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan dengan unit analisis lansia (≥60 tahun). Analisis data secara deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan, pemanfaatan Yankestrad pada lansia 37,0% dan upaya sendiri dengan obat tradisional 17,3%. Lansia muda terbanyak memanfaatkan Yankestrad (37,9%), sedangkan upaya sendiri dengan obat tradisonal didominasi lansia perempuan (18,3%) di perdesaan (19,5%). Pemanfaatan Toga pada lansia di Indonesia (31,9%), terbanyak perempuan (33,3%) di perdesaan (36,3%). Jenis Yankestrad terbanyak dimanfaatkan lansia adalah keterampilan manual, ramuan jadi dan ramuan buatan sendiri. Lansia laki-laki (55,5%) di perkotaan (56,5%) lebih banyak memanfaatkan ramuan jadi, sedangkan lansia perempuan (43,6%) di perdesaan (46,5%) lebih menyukai ramuan buatan sendiri. Lansia dengan tingkat pengeluaran rendah cenderung memanfaatkan ramuan jadi atau ramuan buatan sendiri, sedangkan pengeluaran tinggi cenderung memanfaatkan ketrampilan manual. Penyehat tradisional (98,2%) adalah jenis tenaga terbanyak dimanfaatkan lansia. Kesimpulan, Yankestrad di Indonesia lebih banyak dimanfaatkan oleh lansia, oleh karena itu berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai alternatif model pelayanan kesehatan bagi lansia. Rekomendasi, mengingat tingginya minat para lansia dengan Yankestrad dan pemanfaatan penyehat tradisional, maka diperlukan penyediaan fasilitas Yankestrad khususnya di Puskesmas dengan tenaga kesehatan tradisional yang mampu memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang aman dan berkualitas bagi para lansia