Journals of Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
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Evaluasi penyelenggaraan surveilans COVID-19 di UPTD Puskesmas Pare Kabupaten Kediri
Get PDFSurveilans adalah bagian penting dari praktik kesehatan masyarakat. Identifikasi kasus COVID-19 baru yang diduga atau dikonfirmasi merupakan hal penting untuk intervensi kesehatan masyarakat yang efektif dan dasar perencanaan pencegahan pandemi di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati penerapan sistem surveilans COVID19 di Puskesmas di pedesaan Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan observasional pada pelayanan kesehatan primer masyarakat pedesaan Indonesia. Responden penelitian adalah petugas surveilans epidemiologi di Puskesmas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan dibandingkan dengan keputusan menteri dan pedoman surveilans. Penerapan sistem surveilans COVID-19 sudah mendapat dana khusus dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Kediri, kegiatan pendataan aktif, penyajian data dalam bentuk tabulasi, variasi penyajian data dan interpretasi tidak dilakukan, sistem survei sederhana, dapat diterima, pelaporan tepat waktu, nilai prediksi positif dapat dihitung, sistem sensitif karena dapat mendeteksi kasus dan dapat mewakili kejadian kasus di wilayah kerja Puskesmas. Tantangan epidemiologi surveilans COVID-19 di pedesaan di Indonesia adalah jumlah personel surveilans yang terbatas sementara harus menangani beberapa kegiatan surveilans epidemiologi penyakit lainnya. Petugas surveilans perlu mendapatkan pelatihan tentang variasi penyajian data dan cara menafsirkan data
Gambaran Terapi Antiretroviral Pada Orang Dengan HIV/ AIDS di Manokwari, Fak-Fak dan Kota Sorong, Papua Barat
No full textAntiretroviral therapy is used to suppress the HIV in People Living with HIV AIDS (PLWHA). This improves the life quality and prevents AIDS’s mortality. Manokwari, Fak-Fak and Sorong had high HIV AIDS cases in West Papua. The study’s aim was to overview the antiretroviral therapy by identifiying the adherence, clinical, and immunological condition of PLWHA in these 3 sites during August to October 2019. This was a cross sectional study. Respondents were 221 PLWHA, who receiving antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months, male and female aged ≥15 years old. Data collections were through interviews, medical records, measurement and laboratory examinations. The data were processed statistically univariate and bivariate. Majority of respondents from all sites were 15-45 years old, women, married, senior high school-university graduated, employee, Papuan, no tuberculosis, stage 3-4 of HIV at beginning of therapy, normal Body Mass Index (BMI), CD4 + cell ≥350 cells/mm.³ The proportion of respondents with adherence ≥95% in Manokwari and Sorong were higher than in Fak-Fak, but the adherence in all sites were still not optimal yet. Most of respondents had good clinical and immunological conditions. There were relationship between tuberculosis, BMI, stage of HIV at beginning of therapy, and adherence to CD4 + counts after therapy. Keywords: antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS, adherence, clinical condition, CD4 + , West Papua
Abstrak
Terapi antiretroviral digunakan untuk menekan HIV pada Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) karena mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan mencegah kematian karena AIDS. Manokwari, Fak-Fak dan Kota Sorong memiliki kasus HIV AIDS tinggi di Papua Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan terapi antiretroviral dengan mengidentifikasi kepatuhan pengobatan, kondisi klinis, dan imunologis ODHA di 3 lokasi tersebut pada Agustus sampai Oktober 2019. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang. Responden sebanyak 221 ODHA dengan kriteria sedang terapi minimal 6 bulan, laki-laki dan perempuan berusia di atas 15 tahun. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dari wawancara, rekam medis, pengukuran dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Data diolah univariat dan bivariat secara statistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan mayoritas responden dari semua lokasi penelitian berusia 15-45 tahun, perempuan, menikah, pendidikan SLTA-Pendidikan Tinggi, bekerja, asli Papua, tidak ada tuberkulosis, sakit HIV stadium 3 dan 4 di awal terapi, Indeks Massa Tubuh normal, memiliki CD4 + ≥350 sel/mm³. Proporsi responden dengan tingkat kepatuhan ≥95% di Manokwari dan Sorong lebih tinggi dibandingkan di Fak-Fak, namun kepatuhan terapi di Manokwari, Fak-Fak, dan Kota Sorong masih belum optimal. Kondisi klinis serta imunologis sebagian besar responden relatif baik. Ada hubungan antara sakit TB, Indeks Massa Tubuh, stadium sakit HIV di awal terapi, dan kepatuhan dengan jumlah CD4 + setelah terapi.
Kata kunci: antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS, kepatuhan, kondisi klinis, CD4 + , Papua Barat
Perilaku Pencegahan Penularan Tuberkulosis Paru pada Penderita TB di Kota Banda Aceh dan Aceh Besar
Get PDFTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that attacks the lungs. The high incidence of Pulmonary TB in Indonesia indicates that action needs to be taken to reduce the transmission rate. The transmission prevention behavior is intended for families and people around who are often in direct contact with sufferers. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with TB transmission prevention measures in Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar district. This study used a cross-sectional study design involving pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged >15 years. Respondents involved were 262 people who were in the working areas of primary health service center and hospitals in Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar district. Data on gender, age, education, patient category, Drug Swallowing Supervisor (PMO), regularity of taking medication, seeking treatment, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards TB disease were obtained through interviews. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate X2 (chi square), and multivariate. The results found that knowledge, attitude, faster treatment seeking regular medication, and high level of education were the most dominant factors influencing TB transmission prevention behaviour. Older age also associated with TB transmission prevention behaviour. TB transmission prevention behavior in TB patients was 53% good. Patients and family members must always be reminded to implement TB prevention and transmission behaviors. Regular visits to the patient’s home can be made by officers to provide education and monitoring of treatment.
Abstrak
Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang menyerang paru-paru. Tingginya kasus TB Paru di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa perlu dilakukan tindakan untuk menurunkan angka penularan. Perilaku pencegahan penularan ini ditujukan bagi keluarga dan orang di sekitar yang sering kontak langsung dengan penderita. Tujuan penelitian ini untukmengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tindakan pencegahan penularan TB pada penderita TB di Kota Banda Aceh dan Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi cross-sectional dengan melibatkan penderita TB paru yang berumur >15 tahun. Responden yang terlibat sebanyak 262 orang yang berada di wilayah kerja puskesmas dan rumah sakit di Kota Banda Aceh dan Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Data jenis kelamin, umur, pendidikan, kategori pasien, pengawas menelan obat (PMO), keteraturan menelan obat, pencarian pengobatan, pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku terhadap penyakit TB didapatkan melalui wawancara. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat X2 (chi square), dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa pengetahuan, sikap, pencarian pengobatan yang lebih cepat, teratur menelan obat anti tuberkulosis (OAT), dan pendidikan tinggi merupakan faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan penularan TB. Umur yang lebih tua juga berhubungan dengan perilaku pencegahan penularan TB. Perilaku pencegahan penularan TB pada pasien TB sebesar 53% baik. Penderita dan anggota keluarga harus selalu diingatkan untuk menerapkan perilaku pencegahan dan penularan TB. Kunjungan berkala ke rumah pasien dapat dilakukan oleh petugas untuk pemberian edukasi dan pemantauan pengobatan
Hubungan Tingkat Penerimaan diri dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Lupus di Yayasan Kupu Parahita Indonesia
No full textLupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can become a bio-psycho-socio-economic-culture-spiritual burden for individuals because its complex treatment and management. Self-acceptance and adherence to medication are the keys in lupus management. Purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-acceptance level of lupus patients and their medication adherence level. The study was designed using a correlational study with a cross sectional approach. About 92 lupus patient respondents at Kupu Parahita Indonesia Foundation who went to the Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang were selected using purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were asked to fill out a modified Acceptance of Illness questionnaire to measure patient self-acceptance level and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 8 (MMAS-8) to assess drug adherence level. From the 92 respondents, it was found that 37% had a high level of self-acceptance, 52.2% were moderate, and 10.8% were low. Adherence medication level in 92 respondents showed 51.1% high, 38.1% moderate, and 10.8% low. Spearman test results showed a significant relationship between self-acceptance level and medication adherence level (p=0.001, r=0.355). This value indicates the strength of the weak relationship and the direction of the positive correlation between self-acceptance and medication adherence. Conclusion, the higher of self-acceptance level of lupus patients, the higher medication adherence level
Pengelompokan Provinsi Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Faktor Penyebab Balita Stunting
Get PDFThe stunting condition is characterized by the growth of childrens who are slow and fail to reach normal height. Some of the causes of stunting include household access to sanitation and drinking water sources, initiation of early breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, full immunization, household income, and household access to nutritious food. Basically, to make it easier to see the characteristics of the factors that cause stunting under five in Indonesia, it can be done through group formation. The formation of this group is based on the similarity of the characteristics of the factors causing stunting under five in each province in Indonesia. This study aims to classify provinces in Indonesia based on the causes of stunting. The source of the data used is secondary data from the Ministry of Health and BPS in 2017. Clustering was carried out using the ward method cluster analysis. The clustering results are four groups with different characteristics. The 1st group consisting of 4 provinces is a group with a very high stunting factor. The 2nd group of 16 provinces was a group with a high stunting factor. The 3rd group consisting of 8 provinces was a group with a moderate stunting factor. The 4th group consisting of 6 provinces is a group with a low stunting factor.
Abstrak
Kondisi stunting ditandai dengan pertumbuhan anak-anak yang lambat dan gagal mencapai tinggi badan normal. Beberapa faktor penyebab stunting antara lain akses rumah tangga terhadap sanitasi dan sumber air minum, inisiasi menyusui dini, pemberian ASI eksklusif, pemberian imunisasi lengkap, pendapatan rumah tangga, serta akses rumah tangga terhadap makanan bergizi. Pada dasarnya untuk mempermudah melihat karakteristik faktor penyebab balita stunting di Indonesia dapat melalui pembentukan kelompok. Pembentukan kelompok ini didasarkan pada kesamaan karakteristik faktor penyebab balita stunting pada setiap provinsi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelompokkan provinsi di Indonesia berdasarkan faktor penyebab stunting. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari Kementerian Kesehatan dan BPS tahun 2017. Pengelompokan dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis cluster metode ward. Hasil pengelompokan adalah empat kelompok dengan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Kelompok pertama beranggotakan 4 provinsi yang merupakan kelompok dengan faktor stunting sangat tinggi. Kelompok kedua beranggotakan 16 provinsi yang merupakan kelompok dengan faktor stunting tinggi. Kelompok ketiga beranggotakan 8 provinsi yang merupakan kelompok dengan faktor stunting sedang. Sedangkan kelompok keempat beranggotakan 6 provinsi yang merupakan kelompok dengan faktor stunting rendah
Kinerja Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak di Papua Tahun 2018: Apakah input tenaga bidan dan dokter berpengaruh?
Get PDF Maternal and child health is one of factors that indicate the community health status. The study analyzes the relationship between the input of midwives and doctors on the performance of maternal and child health services. This study uses an ecological analysis approach. The population is 42 districts/cities in Papua Island . In addition ,this study analyzes K4, childbirth in health care facilities, and KN1 as the dependent variable. The analysis uses a scatter plot with a linear fit line as a determinant. The study results a very high variation among districts/cities, both the input variable and maternal and child health performance. Spatially, the lowest input of midwives and doctors is more likely to the Central Mountain region. It showed the higher the input of midwives and doctors, the higher the K4 performance. The higher the input of midwives and doctors, the higher the delivery performance at health service facilities. In addition, The higher the input of midwives and doctors is the higher the performance of KN1. The midwife's input has a more significant effect than the doctor's input for all maternal and child health performance. The study concludes that the input range for midwives and doctors in Papua Island is very extensive. The input of midwives and doctors is positively related to the performance of maternal and child health services in Papua Island. K4 is the factor that is least carried out, both by midwives and doctors.
Abstrak
Kesehatan ibu dan anak merupakan salah satu faktor yang mengindikasikan status kesehatan masyarakat di suatu wilayah. Studi ditujukan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara input tenaga bidan dan dokter pada kinerja pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak di Pulau Papua. Studi dilakukan dengan pendekatan analisis ekologi. Populasi studi adalah seluruh kabupaten/kota di Pulau Papua (42 kabupaten/kota). Selain input tenaga bidan dan tenaga dokter sebagai variabel independen, studi ini menganalisis K4, persalinan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, dan KN1, sebagai variabel dependen. Analisis memanfaatkan scatter plot dengan garis fit linier sebagai penentu. Hasil studi menunjukkan variasi yang sangat tinggi antar kabupaten/kota, baik pada variabel input tenaga maupun pada kinerja kesehatan ibu dan anak. Secara spasial input tenaga bidan dan dokter yang paling rendah cenderung di wilayah Pegunungan Tengah. Semakin tinggi input tenaga bidan maupun tenaga dokter, semakin tinggi pula kinerja K4 di kabupaten/kota tersebut. Semakin tinggi input tenaga bidan maupun tenaga dokter, maka semakin tinggi pula kinerja persalinan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan di wilayah tersebut. Semakin tinggi input tenaga bidan maupun tenaga dokter, maka semakin tinggi pula kinerja KN1 di area tersebut. Lebih lanjut, input tenaga bidan memiliki efek yang lebih bermakna dibanding input tenaga dokter untuk seluruh kinerja kesehatan ibu dan anak. Studi menyimpulkan bahwa rentang input tenaga bidan dan dokter di Pulau Papua sangat lebar. Input tenaga bidan dan tenaga dokter berhubungan secara positif dengan kinerja pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak di Pulau Papua. K4 merupakan faktor yang paling kurang dilakukan, baik oleh tenaga bidan maupun tenaga dokter
Analisis Kondisi Lingkungan pada Kejadian Leptospirosis di Kabupaten Banyumas dengan Pendekatan Spasial
Get PDFAbstract. Leptospirosis is still becoming a public health problem in Indonesia. Banyumas was oneof the highest cases in Central Java by 2019 so it could be potentially endemic. GIS (GeographicInformation System) is used to determine spatial patt erns related to the environment. This researchaimed to know the distribution and spatial grouping of leptospirosis in Banyumas 2019. The type ofthis research is an observational study with a cross-sectional spatial analysis design to observe thespreading and grouping patt ern. The subjects of this study were 140 leptospirosis cases in Banyumas2019. House coordinate was collected by using GPS (Global Positioning System). The data collectionis done for a month. Data Analyzes was performed through ArcGIS 10.2, and SaTScan 9.7. Thedistribution of leptospirosis in Banyumas was spread over 14 districts, 45% cases in Cilongok, 25,71%cases were >56 years old, 62,1% cases were male, 40% cases were farmers. The results of the spatialanalysis showed 77.14% cases in residential land use areas, 70% cases with moderate populationdensity (5.00-1.249 people/km²), 62.85% cases in 0-199 altitude, 63.57% cases with low rainfall 500meters, and signifi cant grouping patt ern with p-value = 0.009 primary which is located in Cilongokand Ajibarang. Leptospirosis spread over in residential land use areas, moderate population density,low altitude, low rainfall, no history of fl ooding, a radius of river 500 meters, and occurs clusteringin Cilongok and Ajibarang. The location intervention of leptospirosis prevention and control can beprioritized in these areas