Journals of Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
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Utilisasi Kelambu Berinsektisida Pada Daerah Endemis Tinggi Malaria di Indonesia: Analisis Data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018
No full textMalaria is still a global public health problem, especially in the tropical countries including Indonesia. The use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN’s) is an effective way to reduce the prevalence of malaria. However, the proportion of households that use ITN’s in low to high malaria edemic areas in Indonesia is still low (15.8%). The purpose of the analysis is to asses the determinants affecting the use of ITN’s in high endemic areas in Indonesia in 2018. The analysis uses the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018 data whose design is a cross-sectional study. The population is residents in 28 high malaria endemic districts/ cities with the number of samples interviewed were 33,001 people. The dependent variable was the habit of using ITN’s, while the independent variable is sociodemographic factors (relationship with household head, age group, education , occupations, and residential/ urban or rural areas) and the other ways to prevent mosquito bites. Data were analyzed using logistic regression test. The logistic regression analysis showed that the population with the characteristics of living in urban areas (aOR 2.55, 95% CI 2.38-2.74), parents (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.64), farmers (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.49-1.92) and completed Junior High (aOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.35-1.91), have the opportunity to use insecticide-treated bed nets, while the method of preventing mosquito bites others, most of them are protective of this habit. A new canal initiative is needed to increase people's knowledge about the importance of using insecticide-treated bed nets.
Keyword: insecticide-treated bed nets, high malaria endemic areas
Abstrak Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat global, terutama di daerah tropis termasuk Indonesia. Penggunaan kelambu berinsektisida merupakan cara efektif untuk mengurangi prevalensi malaria. Namun, proporsi rumah tangga yang menggunakan kelambu berinsektisida di daerah edemis rendah sampai tinggi di Indonesia masih rendah (15,8%). Tujuan analisis ini adalah untuk mengetahui determinan yang berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan kelambu berinsektisida di daerah endemis tinggi malaria di Indonesia pada 2018. Analisis ini menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018 yang desainnya adalah studi potong lintang. Populasi pada studi ini adalah penduduk di 28 kabupaten/ kota dengan katagori endemis malaria tinggi dengan jumlah sampel yang diwawancara sebanyak 33.001 orang. Variabel dependen adalah kebiasaan penggunaan kelambu berinsektisida, sedangkan variabel independen adalah faktor sosiodemografi (hubungan dengan KRT, kelompok usia, tingkat pendidikan, jenis pekerjaan, dan wilayah tempat tinggal/ perkotaan atau pedesaan) dan cara pencegahan gigitan nyamuk. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji logistic regression. Hasil analisis logistic regression menunjukkan bahwa penduduk dengam dengan karakteristik tinggal di perkotaan (aOR 2,55, 95%CI2,38-2,74), orang tua (aOR1,29, 95%CI 1,02-1,64), petani (aOR1,69, 95%CI 1,49-1,92) dan tamat SLTP/MTS (aOR 1,61, 95%CI 1,35-1,91), berpeluang menggunakan kelambua berinsektisida, sedangkan cara pencegahan gigitan nyamuk lainnya, sebagian besar bersifat protektif terhadap kebiasaan ini. Perlu inisiatif kanal baru untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan penduduk tentang pentingnya utilisasi kelambu berinsektisida.
Kata kunci: kelambu berinsektisida, daerah endemis malaria tingg
Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Masyarakat, Serta Kondisi Lingkungan Pada Peningkatan Kasus Leptospirosis di Wilayah Puskesmas Kesugihan II, Kabupaten Cilacap, Jawa Tengah
No full textLeptospirosis is a zoonosis with a wide spread, both in Indonesia and globally. Leptospirosis risk factors are mainly behavioral and environmental factors. This study aims to describe the knowledge, behavior and environment of leptospirosis infected areas in Karangkandri Village, Cilacap Regency, Central Java. The research design was cross sectional with descriptive analysis. Respondents in the study were residents who lived in areas where leptospirosis cases occurred. Data collection was carried out by interview with a structured questionnaire instrument. The results showed that respondents who had knowledge of leptospirosis in the less category were 71.43%, 25.71% in the moderate category and 2.86% in the good category. The behavior of respondents in the less category was 85.71% and 14.29% was moderate, there was no good category. Environmental conditions in 14.29% for the less category and the medium category for 85.71%, there was no good category. Between knowledge and education there was a significant relationship (p <0.05), while knowledge with behavior and knowledge with the environment has an insignificant relationship (p> 0.05). Keywords: Leptospirosis, knowledge, behavior, environment
Abstrak
Leptospirosis merupakan zoonosis dengan penyebaran yang luas, baik di Indonesia maupun secara global. Faktor risiko terkait dengan kejadian leptospirosis terutama faktor perilaku dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengetahuan, perilaku dan lingkungan wilayah tertular leptospirosis di Desa Karangkandri, Kabupaten Cilacap, Jawa Tengah. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan analisis secara deskriptif. Responden penelitian adalah warga yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah terjadi kasus leptospirosis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dengan instrumen kuesioner terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden yang memiliki pengetahuan tentang leptospirosis kategori kurang sebesar 71,43%, kategori sedang sebesar 25,71% dan 2,86% kategori baik. Perilaku responden kategori kurang sebesar 85,71% dan sedang sebesar 14,29%, kategori baik tidak ada. Kondisi lingkungan kategori kurang 14,29% dan kategori sedang sebesar 85,71% tidak ada kategori baik. Antara pengetahuan dengan pendidikan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p<0,05), sedang pengetahuan dengan perilaku dan pengetahuan dengan lingkungan terdapat hubungan yang tidak signifikan (p>0,05).
Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, perilaku, lingkungan, leptospirosis. 
Kandungan Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total Daun Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull. Arg sebagai Kandidat Obat Antidiabetes
Get PDFDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the non communicable diseases (NCDs) with the largest number of deaths in the world. The Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull. Arg is a source of phenolic compounds. Phenolic is grouped as polyphenols group that widely functioned as antidiabetic. The α-glucosidase enzyme plays a role in the forming of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The α-glucosidase enzyme can be used for antidiabetic activity assay because of its capability on breaking down carbohydrate into glucose in the human small intestine. This study aimed to determine phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antidiabetic activity of M. hispida leaves extract and its fraction. The extract and fraction were tested for the phenolic levels using Folin-Ciocalteau method, the total flavonoid using alumunium chloride method, and the antidiabetic activity using α-glukosidase method. The yield of methanolic extract of the Macaranga hispida was 10.23%. Phenolic content of the ethyl acetate fraction from the methanolic extract was 8.411 mg, equivalent to gallic acid/100 mg extract. Total flavonoid content was 6.14 ± 0.31b/b μg/mL. Antidiabetic activity assay of the extract and the fractions of Macaranga hispida resulted the highest antidiabetic activity (IC50) was in the ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 value 21.91 μg / mL
Kejadian stunting pada anak umur 1-5 tahun di Desa Rantau Panjang Hilir
Get PDFAbstract: Stunting (dwarfism) is a condition in which toddlers have less length or height compared to their age. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the factors that cause stunting in children aged 1-5 years. This type of research is quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. Data was collected by measuring height, questionnaire and semi-quantitative Food Frequency Quetionnaire sheets. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test and logistic regression. From the research results, it was found that the independent variable that most influenced the occurrence of stunting in children was the family socio-economic factor variable with a p value = 0.002 (p <0.05) and a value of R = 0.439. The conclusion of this study suggested that the active role of the government, especially health workers, to tackle the incidence of stunting in children. In addition, it is hoped that the community will adopt a balanced nutrition diet and receive proper education to improve welfare.
Stunting merupakan kondisi dimana balita memiliki panjang atau tinggi badan yang kurang jika dibandingkan dengan umur. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab stunting pada anak umur 1-5 tahun. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengukuran tinggi badan, wawacara kuesioner dan lembar Food Frequency Quetionnaire semi kuantitatif. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi-square dan regresi logistic. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa variabel independen yang paling mempengaruhi terjadinya stunting pada anak adalah variabel faktor sosial ekonomi keluarga dengan nilai p value = 0,002 (p<0,05) dan nilai R= 0,439. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini disarankan agar peran aktif pemerintah khususnya petugas kesehatan untuk menanggulangi kejadian stunting pada anak. Selain itu, diharapkan masyarakat untuk menerapkan pola makan gizi seimbang dan mendapatakan pendidikan yang layak untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan.
 
