Journals of Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
Not a member yet
2187 research outputs found
Sort by
Gambaran Tingkat Latihan Fisik Jemaah Haji sebelum Keberangkatan di Kabupaten Lumajang, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Tahun 2017
No full textAbstract
Adequate health condition urgently required by pilgrims because pilgrimage process involves a very heavy physical activity. Hajj pilgrims with good physical fitness classified as pilgrims who fulfill health istiţā'ah. Participation of pilgrims in a fitness improvement program could be observed through physical exercise behaviour. This study aimed to describe the level of pilgrims’physical exercise in Lumajang District and analyse the relationship between the characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes of the pilgrims with physical exercise. This research used a quantitative method with a cross sectional design. Primary data collected through a survey from 185 respondents. Data analysis was performed using a statistical test of multiple logistic regression. The results showed that most of the pilgrims (61.8%) had high knowledge of physical exercise. More than 86 % of pilgrims have a supportive attitude towards physical exercise. In conclusion, this study found there was no significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes with physical exercise (p>0.05). Participation in physical exercise of pilgrims showed that 12,9% of pilgrims have a good and very good level of physical exercise. Physical exercise behavior provides an indication of the active participation of pilgrims in hajj health improvement program before departure. It was recommended that the the measurement of the level of physical exercise that took into account the factors of frequency, duration and intensity could be part of the policy on hajj health management in Indonesia.
 
Dampak Trichinella sp. dalam Daging Babi Terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat
Get PDFTrichinellosis/Trichinosis is one of the most common zoonotic parasites in the world caused by infection with Trichinella nematodes. The infection occurs after the larvae have been eaten in the muscles of the infected animal. Due to its spread and spread, several outbreaks of trichinosis have occurred around the world, which has caused serious public health problems. The main risk factor for trichinosis is the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from pigs and hunted meat. In the first stage of infection, adults nematode in the intestine can cause transient gastroenteritis, but the most serious symptoms are associated with the larval formation and muscle migration. a study conducted in India to investigate at the clinical and biochemical profile of Trichinella infection stated that clinical symptoms first appeared at 2-3 weeks after consuming pork and the symptoms would gradually disappear at 4-5 weeks, but there were also some who experienced myalgia. Supervision and implementing proper biosecurity in livestock areas by monitoring and surveillance of the risk of Trichinella infection in pig products and their derivatives as well as preventing transmission to humans
Kajian Entomologi dalam Mendukung Pengendalian Malaria melalui Program Flying Health Care (FHC) di Kabupaten Yahukimo, Provinsi Papua
Get PDFFlying Health Care is one of the programs of the Ministry of Health to accelerate the elimination of malaria in an integrated manner, especially in the Yahukimo Regency. The purpose of this activity is to describe the role of entomological aspects in malaria control efforts. The data includes cases of malaria, mosquitoes and Anopheles larvae, breeding place, and vector control efforts. Data was collected by observation, survey, and secondary data analysis. The results of the study show that malaria cases rank first out of 10 diseases in health facilities. Malaria cases were more common occurred at the age of 10-19 years, male and near to health facilities. Breeding places in the form of swamps and puddles in the environment around patients with water depths ranging from 5-30 cm. There is no entomological data at the district level or at Puskesmas Aplim. Ongoing vector control efforts are in the form of distributing insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Insecticide mosquito nets have not been fully distributed to the community, this is constrained by the existing infrastructure in health care facilities. Vector control efforts should be supported by the results of entomological surveys and it is important to do socialization on how to use and maintain mosquito nets at the time of mosquito net distribution
Evaluasi Faktor-faktor Pengelolaan Vaksin di Puskesmas dan Praktek Mandiri Bidan di Kabupaten Lampung Timur
No full textAbstrak
Fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dasar pemerintah dan swasta memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga mutu vaksin sebelum diberikan kepada sasaran imunisasi. Vaksin yang berkualitas menentukan keberhasilan program imunisasi. Dalam penelitian ini evaluasi dilakukan terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas vaksin di Puskesmas dan Praktik Mandiri Bidan (PMB) di Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan populasi berupa instansi atau fasilitas pengelola vaksin imunisasi dasar, sedangkan sampel meliputi 10 Puskesmas dan 30 PMB yang dipilih secara purposif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner mandiri, wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan terhadap 16 orang pengelola vaksin puskesmas dan PMB yang dipilih secara purposif berdasarkan kesediaan mereka menjadi informan. Analisis data kuantitatif dilakukan secara deskriptif sedangkan data kualitatif diolah dengan metode konten analisis. Kegiatan diakhiri dengan focus group discussion (FGD) terhadap 20 orang informan secara purposif. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai Desember 2020 di 10 kecamatan di Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, seluruh vaksin memiliki mutu yang baik di 10 puskesmas dan 20 Praktik Mandiri Bidan (PMB). Akan tetapi tingkat pengetahuan, sarana prasarana penyimpanan dan distribusi vaksin, SOP, proses pelatihan, sosialisasi, supervisi dan bimbingan teknis belum optimal khususnya di PMB. Secara umum kualitas vaksin masih memenuhi syarat namun pengetahuan pengelola vaksin, penyediaan dan kepatuhan SOP perlu ditingkatkan baik di puskesmas maupun di PMB. Selain itu, perlu peningkatan ketersediaan sarana parasarana penyimpanan dan distribusi vaksin terutama di PMB. Peningkatan kapasitas pengelolaan vaksin perlu dilakukan melalui proses pelatihan, supervisi dan bimbingan teknis bekerjasama dengan organisasi profesi.
Kata Kunci: Mutu Vaksin, Puskesmas, PMB, Lampung Timur
Abstract
Both public and private basic health care facilities play an important role in maintaining the quality of vaccines which determines the success of the immunization program. In this study, an evaluation was carried out on the factors influencing the quality of vaccines at the community health center (CHC) and the Independent Midwife Practice (IMP) in the East Lampung Regency. The research design was cross-sectional using the population of institutions or facilities managing basic immunization vaccines and purposively selected samples of 10 Puskesmas and 30 IMPs. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and observations. Depth, interviews were conducted with 16 vaccine managers at the Puskesmas and IMPs who were also selected purposively. Quantitative data was processed descriptively while qualitative data were analyzed using the content analysis method and finalized by a focus group discussion (FGD) for 20 purposively chosen informants. The study was conducted from August to December 2020 in 10 sub-districts in East Lampung Regency. Based on the observations, all vaccines had good quality in 10 Puskesmas and 20 IMPs. However, the level of knowledge, facilities for storing and distributing vaccines, SOPs, training processes, socialization, supervision, and technical guidance have not been optimal, especially in IMPs. The quality of vaccines is generally still as the requirements, yet the knowledge of vaccine managers as well as the provision and compliance with SOPs needs to be improved in both CHCs and IMPs. The availability of vaccine storage and distribution facilities at PMB and strengthening SOPs related to vaccine management are necessary. Capacity building needs to be done through training, supervision, and technical guidance in collaboration with professional organizations.
Keywords: vaccine quality, Community Health Center, Independent Midwife Practice, East Lampung Regenc
Kajian: Aplikasi Sel Punca Mesenkim pada Tata Laksana Klinis Penyakit Stroke
Get PDFStroke is a neurodegenerative disease that can cause disability to death. Stroke therapy useing stem cells is starting to be considered as an alternative in terms of availability, propagation potential, and differentiation ability. Stem cells are cells that have the ability to reproduce (self-renewal), do not yet have a specific shape and functions (undifferentiated), but have the ability todifferentiate into other cells. One type of stem cell is mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) which can differentiate in vitro into other cells including neurons. In addition MSC can secrete various neurotrophic factors that can play a role in angiogenesis and synaptic formation, so that, it is relevant to stroke therapy. This paper describes the research and development of stem cell applications in stroke therapy through several research results. This paper is in the form of a literature review obtained through literature searches. The results showed that MSC is able to differentiate and replace damaged neurons after transplantation based on the results of studies in vitro, in vivo, and several clinical trials. The technique in the differentiation of MSCinto neurons is the addition of certain growth factors to the culture medium in vitro. Meanwhile, in vivo studies have shown that that administration of MSC can replace damaged cells, provide neuroprotective effect, induce axon growth, stimulate angiogenesis, and neurogenesis in stroke animal models using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method. Therefore, MSCs have the potential to treat degenerative diseases, especially stroke. From the results of clinical trials, it can be seen that stem cells are safe to give to stroke patients, there is clinical improvement, and neurological improvement, as well as a reduction in brain lesions. However, there are several challenges for the development and application of MSS for stroke therapy in the future such as concerns about tumorigenesis and high cost.
Abstrak
Stroke adalah penyakit neurodegeneratif yang dapat menyebabkan kecacatan hingga kematian. Terapi stroke menggunakan sel punca mulai dipikirkan sebagai alternatif dilihat dari aspek ketersediaan, potensi perbanyakan, dan kemampuan diferensiasinya. Sel punca merupakan sel yang memiliki kemampuan memperbanyak diri (self renewal), belum mempunyai bentuk dan fungsi yang spesifik (undifferentiated), namun memiliki kemampuan untuk berdiferensiasi menjadi sel lainnya. Salah satu jenis sel punca adalah sel punca mesenkim (SPM) yang dapat berdiferensiasi secara in vitro menjadi sel lain termasuk neuron. Selain itu, SPM dapat menyekresikan berbagai faktor neurotrofik yang dapat berperan dalam angiogenesis dan pembentukan sinaptik sehingga relevan terhadap terapi terhadap stroke. Tulisan ini menguraikan tentang penelitian dan pengembangan sel punca dalam terapi stroke melalui beberapa hasil penelitian. Tulisan ini berupa review literatur yang didapatkan melalui penelusuran pustaka. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa SPM mampu berdiferensiasi dan menggantikan neuron yang rusak setelah transplantasi berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara in vitro, in vivo, dan beberapa uji klinis. Teknik dalam diferensiasi SPM menjadi neuron adalah dengan penambahan faktor-faktor pertumbuhan tertentu ke dalam medium kultur secara in vitro. Sedangkan studi secara in vivo menunjukkan bahwa pemberian SPM dapat menggantikan sel yang rusak, memberi efek neuroprotektif, menginduksi pertumbuhan akson, menstimulasi angiogenesis, dan neurogenesis pada hewan model stroke dengan metode middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Oleh sebab itu, sel punca mesenkim berpotensi dalam terapi penyakit degeneratif terutama stroke. Dari hasil uji klinis terlihat bahwa sel punca aman diberikan kepada pasien stroke, terjadi perbaikan klinis, dan perbaikan neurologis, serta terjadi pengurangan lesi di otak. Namun, terdapat beberapa tantangan untuk pengembangan dan aplikasi SPM untuk terapi stroke dimasa mendatang, seperti kekhawatiran terjadinya tumorigenesis dan biaya yang cukup mahal
Studi In Silico Senyawa Fenolik Madu sebagai Kandidat Inhibitor Mpro SARS-CoV-2
Get PDFSARS-CoV-2 has caused a global COVID-19 pandemic since late 2019 and the reported cases have not ended until now. One way to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic is to find the main viral protease inhibitor (Mpro) SARS-CoV-2 which is a key enzyme of virus replication. Honey is a bee-derived product that contains various phenolic compounds and has antiviral activity. This study aimed to find candidate Mpro SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors from honey phenolic compounds using molecular docking simulations in a directed manner. A total of 27 test ligands (from honey’s phenolic compounds), 4 comparison ligands (from synthetic antiviral compounds), and reference ligands (N3 compound) were screened for their character as drug compounds by Lipinski’s rules and for their toxicity by admetSAR. All ligands were docked to the Mpro SARS-CoV-2 receptor code 7BQY using AutoDock Tools 1.5.6 and Autodock Vina with center of coordinates: X = 10,398; Y = -1,254; Z = 23.473 and grid size: X = 40; Y = 46; Z = 40. Molecular docking simulation produces affinity energy and molecular interactions data. The results showed that the best candidate for Mpro SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor from honey’s phenolic compounds was genistein because it complied with all Lipinski rules, was non-toxigenic, not a carcinogen, had an affinity energy of -7.6 kCal/mol, 80% similarity to the reference ligand N3, and occupies 63,64% of the tethercoverage area. The results of this study are expected to be used in further research, both in vitro and in vivo.
Abstrak
SARS-CoV-2 menyebabkan pandemi COVID-19 secara global sejak akhir 2019 dan kasusnya dilaporkan belum berakhir sampai saat ini. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi pandemi COVID-19 diantaranya dengan menemukan inhibitor main viral protease (Mpro) SARS-CoV-2 yang merupakan enzim kunci pada replikasi virus. Madu merupakan produk turunan lebah yang mengandung berbagai senyawa fenolik dan memiliki aktivitas antivirus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kandidat inhibitor Mpro SARS-CoV-2 dari senyawa fenolik madu menggunakan simulasi penambatan molekuler secara terarah. Sebanyak 27 ligan uji (dari senyawa fenolik madu), 4 ligan pembanding (dari senyawa antiviral sintetik), dan ligan acuan (senyawa N3) diskrining karakternya sebagai senyawa obat dengan aturan Lipinski dan toksisitasnya dengan admetSAR. Semua ligan ditambatkan ke reseptor Mpro SARS-CoV-2 kode 7BQY menggunakan AutoDock Tools 1.5.6 dan Autodock Vina dengan pusat koordinat: X= 10,398; Y= -1,254; Z= 23,473 dan ukuran kisi: X= 40; Y= 46; Z= 40. Simulasi penambatan molekuler menghasilkan data energi afinitas dan interaksi molekuler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandidat inhibitor Mpro SARSCoV-2 terbaik dari senyawa fenolik madu adalah genistein karena memenuhi semua aturan Lipinski, tidak toksik, bukan karsinogen, memiliki energi afinitas -7,6 kKal/mol, kemiripan 80% dengan ligan acuan N3, dan menempati 63,64% area cakupan penambatan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan dalam penelitian selanjutnya, baik secara in vitro maupun in vivo
AKTIVITAS NOKTURNAL Aedes spp.VEKTOR DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI KOTA SEMARANG
No full textSendangmulyo Village is one of the DHF (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever) endemic areas in Semarang City. Previous studies reported that Aedes spp. active biting at night (nocturnal biting activity) in some areas in Indonesia. This indicates that changes in the blood-sucking behavior of Aedes spp mosquitoes can have an impact on dengue transmission. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted in 64 houses. The mosquito field collection was carried out using the resting mosquito collection method at 18.00-06.00 WIB. Observations of environmental parameters were also carried out to determine the temperature and humidity of the environment around the breeding grounds of Aedes spp. The results showed that there was a change in Aedes spp's blood-sucking activity from 16.00-17.00 WIB to 18.00-20.00 WIB. The distribution of Aedes albopictus in Sendangmulyo Village was 18% of the total Aedes spp. mosquitoes collected with a Resting Rate (RR) value of 0.98%. The average temperature and humidity in the area were 28.6 °C and 77.2%, respectively. This change in blood-sucking activity in Aedes spp has the potential to increase the risk of spreading DHF in Sendangmulyo Village. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever vector control efforts need to be improved.
Abstrak
Kelurahan Sendangmulyo merupakan salah satu daerah endemis DBD (Demam Berdarah Dengue) di Kota Semarang. Studi-studi sebelumnya melaporkan bahwa Aedes spp. aktif menggigit pada malam hari (aktivitas menggigit nokturnal) di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya perubahan perilaku menghisap darah nyamuk Aedes spp. dapat berdampak pada penularan dengue. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain studi cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada 64 rumah. Koleksi lapangan nyamuk dilakukan dengan metode koleksi nyamuk istirahat pada pukul 18.00-06.00 WIB. Pengamatan parameter lingkungan juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui suhu dan kelembaban lingkungan disekitar tempat perkembangbiakan Aedes spp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan aktivitas menghisap darah Aedes spp dari pukul 16.00-17.00 WIB menjadi pukul 18.00-20.00 WIB. Sebaran Aedes albopictus di Kelurahan Sendangmulyo adalah 18% dari total nyamuk Aedes spp yang terkoleksi dengan nilai Resting Rate (RR) sebesar 0,98%. Rata-rata suhu dan kelembaban di daerah tersebut masing-masing adalah 28,6 °C dan 77,2%. Perubahan aktivitas menghisap darah pada Aedes spp ini berpotensi meningkatkan risiko penyebaran DBD di Kelurahan Sendangmulyo. Upaya pengendalian vektor DBD perlu ditingkatkan.
 
FLUKTUASI DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE TERKAIT VARIABILITAS CUACA DI KLATEN, INDONESIA
No full textKlaten Regency is one of the Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) endemic areas in Central Java. Weather conditions can have an impact on vector dynamics, dengue virus development, and interactions between mosquitoes and humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of dengue transmission in twenty-six sub-districts in Klaten Regency based on wind speed, specific humidity, rainfall, and temperature. This study was conducted using a retrospective cohort design based on Giovanni-National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) data during the last three years (2016-2018). The independent variables in this study were: wind speed (m/s), specific humidity (g/kg), rainfall (mm/month), and temperature (oC), while the dependent variable was the number of dengue cases in 26 sub-districts in 2014-2014. 2016. Data were analyzed based on monthly patterns and regional patterns using correlation and regression tests with =0.05. The results showed that a total of 1,434 dengue cases were reported during this time period. Weather data analysis revealed that DHF fluctuations were correlated with wind speed in four sub-districts, specific humidity in seven sub-districts, rainfall in three sub-districts, and temperature in three sub-districts. Specific humidity variation plays a role of 21.8% as the dominant factor that can explain the case of DHF in the Klaten Regency. The results of this study can be applied to mitigate the transmission of DHF by determining preventive actions according to place and time and increasing the early warning system to deal with the threat of DHF outbreaks.
Abstrak
Kabupaten Klaten adalah salah satu daerah endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Jawa Tengah. Kondisi cuaca dapat berdampak pada dinamika vektor, perkembangan virus dengue, dan interaksi antara nyamuk dengan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola penularan DBD di dua puluh enam kecamatan yang berada di Kabupaten Klaten berdasarkan kecepatan angin, kelembaban spesifik, curah hujan dan suhu. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif berdasarkan pada data Giovanni-National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) selama 3 tahun terakhir (2016-2018). Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah: kecepatan angin (m/s), kelembaban spesifik (g/kg), curah hujan (mm/bulan) dan suhu (oC), sedangkan variabel terikat adalah jumlah kasus DBD di 26 kecamatan pada tahun 2014-2016. Data dianalisis berdasarkan pola bulanan dan pola wilayah dengan menggunakan uji korelasi dan regresi dengan α=0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total sebanyak 1.434 kasus dengue dilaporkan selama periode waktu tersebut. Analisis data cuaca mengungkapkan bahwa fluktuasi DBD berkorelasi dengan kecepatan angin di empat kecamatan, kelembaban spesifik di tujuh kecamatan, curah hujan di tiga kecamatan dan suhu di tiga kecamatan. Variasi kelembaban spesifik berperan sebesar 21,8% sebagai faktor dominan yang dapat menjelaskan kasus DBD di Kabupaten Klaten. Hasil studi ini dapat diaplikasikan untuk mitigasi penularan DBD dengan menentukan tidakan pencegahan menurut tempat dan waktu serta meningkatkan sistem kewaspadaan dini untuk menghadapi ancaman KLB DBD
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU PENGAWAS MINUM OBAT (PMO) TERHADAP KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS (TBC) BERULANG DI KABUPATEN MUARA ENIM
Get PDFThe discovery of repeated TB cases is a problem in TB control in Muara Enim Regency. One of the causes of failure and lack of discipline of TB patients in taking medication is influenced by the role of the drug taking supervisor (PMO). The role of PMO is very important in monitoring, reminding and ensuring regularity of treatment for TB patients in order to achieve optimal treatment results. This study aims to examine the relationship between the role of the family as a supervisor for taking medication on the incidence of recurrent tuberculosis in Muara Enim district. This study used a case-control design with a retrospective approach. The research subjects were PMO in patients with recurrent TB/MDR TB as a case group and PMO in former TB patients who recovered on schedule as a control group. The comparison of case samples (46 samples) and controls (92 samples) was one to two (1:2). Data on the level of knowledge, attitude and behavior variables were assessed using a scoring system. The analysis uses the chi square test to get the odds ratio (OR) value. The results of the analysis show that the level of PMO knowledge is still below the program's expectations. The level of knowledge, attitudes and behavior of PMO are not related to the occurrence of recurrent TB cases. To increase the role of PMO, health workers can conduct counseling by changing the extension technique using more varied and communicative extension media