Jurnal Universitas Kadiri Kediri
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    Efektivitas Pelatihan Berbasis Partisipatif terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Petani dalam Pembuatan Pupuk Organik PSB (Photosyntetic Bacteria)

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    Training on the production of PSB liquid organic fertilizer was conducted in Jatimalang Village to enhance farmers\u27 knowledge and skills in environmentally friendly fertilizer technology. This activity implemented a participatory action learning model that emphasized direct practice, so that participants not only understood the theoretical concept but also participated in all stages of PSB fertilizer production, from raw material preparation and fermentation to application on agricultural land. In addition, the training included counseling on the benefits of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in increasing phosphorus availability in the soil, enhancing fertilizer efficiency, and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers. Evaluation results for participants showed an increase in knowledge after the training, from 65.09 to 77.51 and from 72.1 to 79.84 in two different groups. This increase in scores indicates a positive response and a good understanding of the material, especially in the application section in the field. Participants also stated that PSB is relatively easy to produce using locally available materials, thereby reducing production costs and making it an appropriate innovation to support the sustainability of their farming businesses. Therefore, this training is expected to be the first step in encouraging a more environmentally friendly, productive, and efficient agricultural transformation in Jatimalang Village. Pelatihan pembuatan pupuk organik cair PSB dilaksanakan di Desa Jatimalang untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petani terhadap teknologi pupuk ramah lingkungan. Kegiatan ini menerapkan model participatory action learning yang menekankan praktik langsung, sehingga peserta tidak hanya memahami konsep secara teori, tetapi juga terlibat dalam seluruh tahapan pembuatan pupuk PSB mulai dari persiapan bahan baku, proses fermentasi, hingga cara aplikasi di lahan pertanian. Selain itu, pelatihan juga dilengkapi dengan penyuluhan mengenai manfaat bakteri phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) dalam meningkatkan ketersediaan fosfor di tanah, efisiensi pemupukan, dan pengurangan penggunaan pupuk kimia. Hasil evaluasi kepada peserta menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan peserta setelah pelatihan yaitu dari 65,09 menjadi 77,51 dan dari 72,1 menjadi 79,84 pada dua kelompok berbeda. Peningkatan skor ini menunjukkan adanya respon positif dan kemampuan pemahaman materi yang baik, terutama pada bagian aplikasi di lapangan. Para peserta juga menyampaikan bahwa PSB relatif mudah diproduksi dengan bahan yang tersedia di lingkungan sekitar, sehingga dapat menekan biaya produksi dan menjadi inovasi tepat guna untuk menunjang keberlanjutan usaha tani mereka. Dengan demikian, pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi langkah awal dalam mendorong transformasi pertanian yang lebih ramah lingkungan, produktif, dan efisien di Desa Jatimalang

    TINJAUAN YURIDIS PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENGEDARAN OBAT FARMASI TANPA 1ZIN EDAR ( STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN PN KAB KEDIRI NOMOR 512 /PID. SUS/2022 / PN GPR dan PUTUSAN PN SERANG DAN NOMOR 330 /PID. SUS/ 2022 /PN SRG )

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    Upaya peningkatan kualitas hidup manusia di bidang kesehatan merupakan suatu usaha yang sangat luas dan menyeluruh, usaha tersebut meliputi peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat baik fisik maupun non-fisik. Selain itu, masyarakat Indonesia mempunyai tujuan untuk membangun manusia seutuhnya, yakni terpenuhinya kebutuhan jasmani dan rohani termasuk kesehatan. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu, maka setiap orang harus bersaing secara sehat dan kuat sehingga akan memberikan begitu banyak tantangan-tantangan bagi konsumen, produsen/pengusaha ataupun sebagai pemerintah untuk melakukan hal tersebut. Perlindungan konsumen adalah segala upaya yang menjamin adanya kepastian hukum untuk memberi perlindungan kepada konsumen, sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan konsumen adalah setiap orang pemakai barang/atau jasa. Selanjutnya Pelaku usaha adalah setiap orang perseorangan atau badan usaha, baik yang berbentuk badan hukum maupun bukan badan hukum yang didirikan dan berkedudukan melalui perjanjian menyelenggarakan kegiatan usaha dalam berbagai bidang ekonomi. Ada beberapa hal yang menjadi permasalahan dalam kasus-kasus perlindungan konsumen yaitu Masyarakat bawah yang menjadi korban Karena tidak punya pilihan lain, masyarakat ini terpaksa mengkonsumsi barang/jasa yang hanya semampunya di dapat, dengan standar kualitas dan keamanan yang sangat minim. Kondisi ini menyebabkan diri mereka selalu dekat dengan bahayabahaya yang bisa mengancam kesehatan dan keselamatan dirinya kapan saja. Dilihat dari kasus-kasus di atas maka dari itu masyarakat dihimbau harus lebih berhati-hati dalam penggunaan terhadap barang-barang yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan, karena sudah bayak contoh yang dapat dilihat, agar tidak terulang kejadian yang sama. Kata kunci: Obat Farmasi Tanpa Izin Edar. &nbsp

    Studi Mekanisme Kelongsoran dan Alternatif Penanganan Tanah Lunak Pada Ruas Jalan Tol Indrapura – Kisaran (STA 112+850 – STA 112+900)

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    Embankment stability is a critical aspect of transportation infrastructure projects, especially in constructing on soft soil. Soft soil has low bearing capacity, high compressibility and low permeability. These characteristics increase the risk of structural failure, such as landslides and excessive settlement necessitating appropriate reinforcement methods. Beyond safety consedirations, soil strengthening must also factor in cost-effectiveness and construction time  to ensure an efficient and economical approach. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD), geotextile, spun pile, as well as a combination of PVD and geotextile reinforcement methods. Field investigations and laboratory test provided soil and geometric data. This data is used as input in modeling using a finite element approach with Plaxis 2D software. The analysis results include safety factor (SF) values, ​​which are then calculated for strengthening costs and implementation time. A multi-criteria analysis is employed to determine the most optimal reinforcement method based on SF, cost, and implementation duration. The results indicate that the combination of PVD and geotextile provides the highest value, with a safety factor of 1.73, construction costs of IDR 1.57 billion, and implementation duration of 90 days. This strengthening is able to balance the three aspects considered. The combination of PVD which accelerates consolidation and geotextiles which strengthen the embankment structure has been proven to increase stability without significantly increasing costs. These findings contribute to the optimization of soft soil strengthening strategies in selecting efficient and economical strengthening methods

    STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

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    The shift in governance from a centralized to a decentralized system has made local governments increasingly significant in managing public affairs and delivering services to society. The high expectations of the public and changes in the global environment present unique challenges for local governments. Consequently, local governments are required to be more adaptive and innovative in their governance practices. In line with public sector management reforms, the last two decades have seen both practices and studies in public administration emphasizing the importance of adopting management tools or instruments known as public sector strategic management. This research seeks to explore the development of theories and concepts of strategic management as studied by researchers and published in internationally reputable databases. A systematic literature review method is applied to the theme of public sector strategic management in local government to examine the development of this theme over the past two decades. This research identifies gaps and highlights the evolving themes in strategic management, underscoring the need to integrate interdisciplinary methodologies and global perspectives. Future studies should prioritize leveraging digital tools, participatory frameworks, and equity-driven approaches to address rapidly changing governance demands.

    PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PELAKU WANITA PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU PENCABULAN ANAK DIBAWAH UMUR

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    Pencabulan adalah semua perbuatan yang berkenaan dengan kehidupan di bidang seksual yang melanggar kesusilaan (kesopanan). Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana menggolongkan tindak pidana pencabulan kedalam tindak pidana kesusilaan. Tindak pidana pencabulan saat ini banyak terjadi dan sangat memperhatinkan. Anak yang melakukan tindak pidana sudah selayaknya jika diberikan sanksi yang disesuaikan dengan peraturan yang berlaku.Tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan penulis ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana pencabulan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu menggunakan bahan kepustakaan. Undang-Undang perlindungan anak memberikan kerangka payung yang sangat bermanfaat memberikan perlindungan bagi sebagian besar anak-anak rentan/rawan. Salah satu kekuatan Undang-Undang ini adalah sanksi yang jelas dan tegas terhadap siapa saja yang melakukan pelanggaran terhadap hak anak.Sehingga, perlindungan hukum terhadap korban tindak pidana pencabulan dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik.   Kata Kunci: Pencabulan, Perlindungan Anak &nbsp

    IMPLEMENTASI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP HAK PENDIDIKAN ANAK DISABILITAS DI KABUPATEN BULELENG

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    Penyandang disabilitas sering dilupakan dalam perkembangan hukum dan jugapartisipasi dalam pembangunan hukum, sehingga menjadi rentan aksesnya terhadapkeadilan. Penyandang disabilitas harus memperoleh hak yang sama dengan yang laintanpa terkecuali. Hal ini untuk memberikan rasa adil kepada mereka bahwapenyandang disabilitas berhak untuk memperoleh pendidikan di negara ini. Tujuanpenelitian ini ialah untuk memberikan gambaran umum tentang perlindungan hukumterhadap anak-anak disabilitas yang ada di kabupaten Buleleng. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundangundangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa perlindungan hukum yangditerima oleh anak-anak penyandang disabilitas di kabupaten Buleleng khususnyaberkenaan dengan pendidikan masih belum tersentuh walaupun provinsi Bali telahmenerapkan peraturan daerah yang menyatakan tentang pemenuhan hak-hakpenyandang disabilitastermasuk anak-anak, hal ini belum sepenuhnya dapat di laksanakankarena sarana dan prasarana yang belum terpenuhi di Kabupaten Buleleng sehinggapemenuhan hak-hak tersebut menjadi terhambat.Kata Kunci: Disabilitas; perlindungan hukum; hak pendidikan&nbsp

    Tantangan Investasi dan Teknologi dalam Transformasi Kawasan Industri Tradisional Menuju Eco-Smart

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    The transformation of traditional industrial areas into eco-smart zones has become a strategic solution for reducing environmental impacts while improving operational efficiency. This study aims to analyze investment and technology challenges in the transformation of traditional industrial estates towards eco-smart industrial estates, as well as evaluate their impact on the company\u27s environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative data analysis from the implementation of eco-smart technology across various industrial sectors with interviews involving key stakeholders. Quantitative data includes CO2 emission reductions, operational cost efficiencies, and natural resource management, while interviews explore the challenges and opportunities in technology adoption. The findings reveal that implementing eco-smart technology over four years successfully reduced CO2 emissions by 50%, achieved 40% energy cost efficiency, and generated a total operational cost saving of 26%. Additionally, the use of natural resources, such as water and energy, decreased by 20%. The main challenges identified include high initial investment and the need for collaboration among stakeholders to accelerate technology adoption. This study concludes that despite the hurdles in investment and technology implementation, transitioning to eco-smart systems offers significant environmental and economic benefits. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and industry players in developing sustainable industrial zones

    INKONSISTENSI PENERAPAN DOKTRIN PENYALAHGUNAAN KEADAAN (MISBRUIK VAN OMSTANDIGHEDEN) DALAM PUTUSAN PENGADILAN DI INDONESIA

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    salah satu alasan agar suatu perjanjian dapatdibatalkan adalah jika perjanjian tersebut dibuat dengan adanya kekhilafan, paksaan danpenipuan sebagaimana diatur di dalam Pasal 1321 KUHPerdata. Namun, saat ini dikenaldoktrin penyalahgunaan keadaan (misbruik van omstandigheden) sebagai alasan pembatalansuatu perjanjian, yang mana dikenal di Indonesia melalui putusan pengadilan. Sekalipundikenal di dalam putusan-putusan, pengetahuan Hakim Indonesia tidak seragammengenai doktrin ini dan berimplikasi pada munculnya inkonsistensi putusan hakimdalam memutus perkara yang berkaitan dengan penyalahgunaan keadaan. Pokokpermasalahan dalam skripsi ini adalah bagaimanakah pertimbangan hakim dalammenerima maupun menolak penerapan doktrin penyalahgunaan keadaan dalammemutus perkara yang didalamnya terdapat penyalahgunaan keadaan. Berdasarkanhasil penelitian penulis, penyalahgunaan keadaan sebagai alasan pembatalan perjanjiandi Indonesia sebenarnya telah dikenal dan diterapkan di dalam berbagai putusanpengadilan Indonesia.&nbsp

    Development of an Aquabalance Android Application for Real-Time Monitoring ofWater Temperature and pH in Greenhouses

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    The rapid development of technology has significantly impacted the agricultural sector, particularly in optimising farming activities in restricted spaces like greenhouses. Monitoring environmental parameters such as water temperature and pH is crucial for successful plant cultivation. This research aims to develop an Android application, Aquabalance, for real-time monitoring of water temperature and pH levels in a greenhouse to improve efficiency and minimise the need for manual monitoring. The system integrates Arduino UNO, ESP8266, DHT22 temperature sensor, and a water pH sensor, achieving accuracy levels of ±0.5°C for temperature and ±0.1 pH for water. The development process utilised the Scrum method, ensuring flexibility and user-centric design. Testing was conducted with two participants—a farmer and a researcher—who assessed key functionalities such as registration, login, and data retrieval. The Android application performed with a 95% success rate, with an average response time of 2–3 seconds for real-time data display. User satisfaction was evaluated on a 1-5 scale, with an average score of 4.7 for usability, navigation, and performance. The results indicate that Aquabalance effectively facilitates greenhouse monitoring, providing real-time, remote access to essential environmental data, ultimately enhancing greenhouse management and reducing time spent on manual monitoring tasks

    Factors Influencing Farmer’s Decisions to Switch Apple to Orange Farming in Bulukerto Village, Bumiaji Sub-district, Batu City

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    The agricultural sector is a strategic sector and has an important role in national economic development and community survival. Each region certainly has different natural resource potential. Batu City is one of the apple-producing areas in East Java Province. Over time, there was a decline in apple productivity, which caused farmers to decide to transfer the commodity. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of switching farms, identify influencing factors, and analyze the effect of commodity transfer on farmers\u27 income. The determination of the location of the study was carried out by simple random sampling. The sampling method used the Slovin formula, and the sample used in this study was 60 farmers. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between one or more independent variables with categorical dependent variables, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test is a method of non-parametric statistic that aims to determine whether or not there is a difference between 2 pairs of data on an ordinal or interval scale. The results showed that the impetus that made farmers switch commodities to oranges were: (1) climate, changes in market prices, changes in consumer tastes, decreased crop yields, decreased apple quality, pests and diseases of apple plants. (2) Factors that directly influence farmers\u27 decision-making in transferring commodities are age, education, number of family dependents, farming experience, citrus farm income, and care/maintenance. (3) There is a significant difference between the income of farmers who farm apples and farmers who farm oranges. The average income of apple farmers is IDR 13,158,332/Year, while orange farmers have an average income of IDR 14,703,333/Year

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