The University of the West Indies at Mona, Jamaica: UWI Journals
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Index of Participants for the Ophthalmological Society of the West Indies/ Pan American Association of Ophthalmology: 23rd Annual OSWI Congress and the 20th Pan American Regional Course of Ophthalmology
No full textDental Anxiety among Patients Visiting a Dental Institute in Faridabad, India
No full textDespite advances in dentistry, anxiety about dental treatment and the fear of pain remains widespread among patients and is a significant barrier to dental treatment. This study would therefore provide information so as to minimize levels of anxiety and aid in planning stress-free treatment. The cross-sectional study utilizing a self-reported questionnaire based on Modified Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) framed in Hindi (local language) was performed on 1032 patients (aged 14–68 years). Around 1004 questionnaires were returned (response rate – 97.3%). Overall, prevalence of dental anxiety was high (50.2%), but severe anxiety (phobia) was low (4.38%). The prevalence of anxiety was seen mostly in the 20–30-year age group (37.3%). Anxiety was also seen to be significantly higher in females (mean – 11.79) than in males [mean – 9.47] (p < 0.0000). Patients anxious about dental procedures are often more difficult to treat. Anxious patients should be identified and managed appropriately by behavioural/pharmacological measures.
Keywords: Anxiety scale, dental anxiety
"Ansiedad Dental entre Pacientes que Asisten a un Instituto Dental en Faridabad, India"
RESUMEN
A pesar de los adelantos en la odontología, la ansiedad en torno al tratamiento dental y el miedo al dolor, siguen extendidos entre los pacientes, y constituyen una barrera significativa al tratamiento dental. Por lo tanto, este estudio persigue brindar información que permita minimizar los niveles de ansiedad y ayude a planificar un tratamiento libre de tensión. Este estudio transversal, que utiliza una encuesta auto-reportada basada en la Escala de ansiedad dental modificada (EADM) de Corah – enmarcada en hindi (el idioma local) – ser aplicó a 1032 pacientes (14–68 años de edad). Alrededor de 1004 cuestionarios regresaron con sus respuestas (para una tasa de respuesta de 97.3%). En general, la prevalencia de la ansiedad dental fue alta (50.2%), pero la ansiedad severa (la fobia) fue baja (4.38%). El prevalencia de la ansiedad se vio principalmente en el grupo etario de 20–30 años (37.3%). También se observó que la ansiedad era significativamente más alta en las hembras (media 11.79) que en los varones (media 9.47, p < 0.0000). Los pacientes dentalmente ansiosos son a menudo difíciles de tratar. Los pacientes ansiosos deben ser identificados y tratados apropiadamente por medio de medidas farmacológicas conductuales.
Palabras claves: Escala de ansiedad, ansiedad denta
Orthodontic Treatment Need of Children in Trinidad and Tobago
No full textObjective: This prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the normative and perceived orthodontic treatment needs of children aged 11−12 years in a Caribbean country, Trinidad and Tobago.
Methods: One author, an experienced orthodontist, examined 367 children using the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) to assess the normative need. The same orthodontist administered the questionnaire to assess the patient’s perceived needs using the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the IOTN and the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS).
Results: The DHC and the AC of the IOTN and the OASIS showed respectively that 61.4%, 2.5% and 0.6% of the children had definite need for orthodontic treatment. The female proportion of the sample was more than the target population but the perceived need and normative need for orthodontic treatment did not depend significantly (p < 0.05) on the gender or ethnicity of the subjects of this study. The perception of need for orthodontic treatment differed inversely from the normative need and this is seen to be significant (p < 0.05) when OASIS was used.
Conclusions: Approximately three out of five children in Trinidad and Tobago have a great (or very great) need for orthodontic treatment for dental health reasons.
Keywords: Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), normative need, Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS), perceived need
"Necesidad de Tratamiento Ortodóntico de los Niños en Trinidad y Tobago"
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Este estudio prospectivo transversal fue emprendido con el objeto de determinar las necesidades del tratamiento ortodóntico normativo y percibido para niños de 11–12 años de edad en un país caribeño – Trinidad y Tobago.
Métodos: Un autor – ortodoncista experimentado – examinó a 367 niños usando el Componente de Salud Dental (DHC) del Índice de Necesidad del Tratamiento Ortodóntico (IOTN) para evaluar la necesidad normativa. El mismo ortodoncista aplicó la encuesta para evaluar las necesidades percibidas del paciente usando el Componente Estético (CA) del IOTN y Escala ortodóntica de impacto estético subjetivo (OASIS).
Resultados: El DHC y el CA del IOTN y el OASIS mostraron respectivamente que 61.4%, 2.5% y .6% de los niños tenían una necesidad definida de tratamiento ortodóntico. La proporción de hembras de la muestra fue mayor que la población objetivo, pero la necesidad percibida y la necesidad normativa de tratamiento ortodóntico no dependía significativamente (p < 0.05) del género o etnicidad de los sujetos de este estudio. La percepción de la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico difería inversamente de la necesidad normativa y puede verse que es significativa (p < 0.05) cuando el OASIS fue usado.
Conclusiones: Aproximadamente tres de cada cinco niños en Trinidad y Tobago tienen una necesidad grande (o muy grande) de tratamiento ortodóntico por razones de salud dental.
Palabras claves: Índice de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico (IOTN), necesidad normativa Escala ortodóntica de impacto estético subjetivo (OASIS), necesidad percibid
Simultaneous Rupture of Bilateral Quadriceps Tendon and Rotator Cuff Tear: A Case Report
No full textThis is a case report of a patient who sustained both a bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture and a complete rotator cuff tear. Overuse is a known risk factor for rotator cuff tears, but this case suggests that it can also be a risk factor for quadriceps tendon rupture.
Keywords: Quadriceps, rotator cuff, tear
"Ruptura Simultánea del Tendón Cuadriceps Bilateral y Desgarramiento del Manguito Rotador: Un Reporte de Caso"
RESUMEN
Éste es un reporte de caso de un paciente que sufrió una ruptura del tendón quadriceps bilateral y desgarramiento total del manguito rotador. El uso excesivo es un factor de riesgo conocido del desgarramiento del manguito rotador, pero el presente caso sugiere que también pueda ser un factor de riesgo para la ruptura de tendón quadriceps.
Palabras claves: Desgarramiento, cuadriceps, manguito rotado
Postpartum Complicated by Transverse Myelitis
No full textTransverse myelitis is a very rare neurological condition associated with immunologic and infectious conditions causing interruption of the neuroanatomical pathways in a transverse plane in the spinal cord. Herein is described the fatal case of a patient that developed transverse myelitis after a Caesarean delivery, probably related to the epidural analgesia.
Keywords: Epidural, pregnancy, postpartum, transverse myeliti
Diversity of Responses to Writer’s Dystonia – A Condition Resistant to Treatment: Four case report
No full textHomozygous Sickle Cell Disease in Uganda and Jamaica - A Comparison of Bantu and Benin Haplotypes
No full textObjective: To compare the haematological and clinical features of homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease in Bantu and Benin haplotypes in a cross-sectional study of 115 Ugandan patients attending the Sickle Cell Clinic at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, with 311 patients in the Jamaican Cohort Study.
Methods: This involved the comparison of clinical features and haematology with special reference to genetic determinants of severity including fetal haemoglobin levels, beta-globin haplotype, and alpha thalassaemia status.
Results: The Bantu haplotype accounted for 94% of HbS chromosomes in Ugandan patients and the Benin haplotype for 76% of HbS chromosomes in Jamaica. Ugandan patients were marginally more likely to have alpha thalassaemia, had similar total haemoglobin and fetal haemoglobin levels but had higher reticulocyte counts and total bilirubin levels consistent with greater haemolysis. Ugandan patients had less leg ulceration and priapism, but the mode of clinical presentation, prevalence of dactylitis, features of bone pain and degree of delay in sexual development, assessed by menarche, were similar in the groups. In Ugandan patients, a history of anaemic episodes was common but these were poorly documented.
Conclusion: The haematological and clinical features of the Bantu haplotype in Uganda were broadly similar to the Benin haplotype in Jamaica except for less leg ulceration and priapism and possibly greater haemolysis among Ugandan subjects. Anaemic episodes in Uganda were treated empirically by transfusion often without a clear diagnosis; better documentation including reticulocyte counts and observations on spleen size is necessary to evolve appropriate models of care.
Keywords: Alpha thalassaemia, Bantu haplotype, SS disease, Ugand
Lateral Medullary Infarct/Wallenberg Syndrome – Jamaica
No full textWe describe two cases of lateral medullary syndrome at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. This diagnosis is often missed and not well understood, so we will discuss the underlying pathophysiology.
Keywords: Lateral medullary infarct, posterior circulation syndrome, Wallenberg syndrom