The University of the West Indies at Mona, Jamaica: UWI Journals
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    1675 research outputs found

    Abstracts from the Session on Soil and Energy (3B) - Barbados Conference

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    Abstracts from the Session on Applied Science (1B) - Barbados Conference

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    Abstracts from the Session on Microbes, Insects and Animal Studies (2B) - Barbados Conference

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    Understanding Science to Improve Teaching and Learning

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    ABSTRACT Current science teaching has mainly stressed passive science. Operating from fixed out-dated curricula, science has progressively lost its appeal and influence. Consequently, it has been reduced to rote and regurgitative learning, occasioning derision and disinterest. The utility of the scientific research method accordingly has remained largely unknown. This paper therefore summarizes the nature of science, including its contributions to defining and solving problems, providing evidential data, improving values and attitudes and thereby promoting more tolerant and thoughtful behavior. It is argued that the teaching and learning of science will find greater favour if it is given cultural, developmental and practical relevance, as students are rewarded for their increasing insights and skills than grades and scores. Furthermore, gaining proficiency with the research method will be of more lasting value than imbibing the passive content of scientific disciplines. It was also forwarded that this method can be taught at all levels as it affords students the opportunity to be more attuned with their own learning. It was additionally recommended that all societies should be allowed, or influenced, to resolve global as well as local problems, by deploying the scientific tool, and that these attempts should be accorded lauded metrics of their humanity

    Dentistry in Jamaica, 1905–2009: A History

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    Dentistry in Jamaica 1905–2009 is a most welcomed pub-lication documenting as it does the development of dentistry in Jamaica from the days of the treadle foot machine that early dentists like Dr GR Machado and others of his day would have used, to present high speed air turbines used universally by dentists today

    From Cannabis to the Endocannabinoid System: Refocussing Attention on Potential Clinical Benefits

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    Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest herbal remedies known to man. Over the past four thousand years, it has been used for the treatment of numerous diseases but due to its psychoactive properties, its current medicinal usage is highly restricted. In this review, we seek to highlight advances made over the last forty years in the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the effects of cannabis on the human body and how these can potentially be utilized in clinical practice. During this time, the primary active ingredients in cannabis have been isolated, specific cannabinoid receptors have been discovered and at least five endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitters (endocannabinoids) have been identified. To-gether, these form the framework of a complex endocannabinoid signalling system that has widespread distribution in the body and plays a role in regulating numerous physiological processes within the body. Cannabinoid ligands are therefore thought to display considerable therapeutic potential and the drive to develop compounds that can be targeted to specific neuronal systems at low enough doses so as to eliminate cognitive side effects remains the ‘holy grail’ of endocannabinoid research. "Del Cannabis al Sistema Endocannabinoide: Re-enfocando la Atención hacia los Potenciales Beneficios Clínicos" RESUMEN La cannabis sativa es una especie herbácea usada en uno de los remedios herbarios más viejos conocidos al ser humano. Durante los últimos cuatro mil años, se ha usado para el tratamiento de numerosas enfermedades, pero debido a sus propiedades psicoactivas, su uso medicinal actual se halla muy restringido. En este estudio, se busca resaltar los adelantos hechos durante los últimos cuarenta años en cuanto a entender los mecanismos responsables de los efectos del cannabis sobre el cuerpo humano, y cómo éstos pueden utilizarse potencialmente en la práctica clínica. Durante este tiempo, se han aislado los ingredientes activos primarios en el cannabis, se han descubierto receptores canna-binoides específicos, y se han identificado por lo menos cinco neurotransmisores endógenos (endo-cannabinoides). Juntos, éstos forman la estructura de un complejo sistema de señalización endo-cannabinoide, el cual tiene una amplia distribución en el cuerpo y desempeña un papel en la regulación de numerosos procesos fisiológicos dentro del organismo. Por tanto, se piensa que los ligandos cannabinoides despliegan un considerable potencial terapéutico. Así, el dinamismo para desarrollar compuestos que puedan ser dirigidos a sistemas neuronales en dosis suficientemente bajas como para eliminar los efectos cognitivos secundarios, sigue siendo el “santo grial” de la investigación de los endocannabinoides

    Prosthetic Reconstruction after Surgical Resection of Fibrous Dysplasia of the Maxillary and Palatine Bone

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    Fibrous dysplasia is a rare disorder of the bone. It is seen in two main forms of presentation: monostotic and the polyostotic. A case of monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the maxillary and palatine bones in a 22-year old man who received prosthetic reconstruction is presented with a review of the literature. Keywords: Fibrous dysplasia, maxillary bone, prosthetic reconstruction "Reconstrucción Prostética tras la Resección Quirúrgica de la Displasia Fibrosa del Hueso Maxilar y el Palatino" RESUMEN La displasia fibrosa es un trastorno raro del hueso. Se le ve en dos formas principales: la monostótica y la poliostótica. Junto con la correspondiente revisión de la literatura, se presenta un caso de displasia fibrosa monostótica de los huesos maxilar y palatino en un hombre de 22 años que recibió una reconstrucción prostética. Palabras claves: displasia fibrosa, hueso maxilar, reconstrucción prostétic

    Long-term Effects of Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture Treatment, Using Reconstruction with Peroneus Brevis Transfer, on Sports Activities

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    Objective: This study reports long-term effects of chronic Achilles tendon rupture treatment, using reconstruction with peroneus brevis transfer (PBT), on sports activities based on an approximate 10-year follow-up study. Methods: Twenty patients (6 women and 14 men; mean age, 43 ± 12.85 years at the time of operation) underwent chronic Achilles tendon repair with an average follow-up of 164.05 ± 5.07 months. Seven were involved in competitive sports, 10 participated in recreational activities and three were not in-volved in any sporting activities. All patients were Asians. Results were assessed using Cybex strength testing and the American Othopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Score, the muscle manual test (MMT), sports activities and comprehensive satisfaction assessment. Results: Cybex strength testing resulted in an average gain of 87.05 ± 14.83% in dorsiflexion strength (range 65–110%) and 98.05 ± 9.02% in plantar flexion strength (range 85%–120%). The AOFAS score average was 86.9 ± 7.27. There were no postoperative re-ruptures, no recurrences and no wound complications. Plantar flexion strength and the AOFAS score were negatively correlated with the age at the time of operation (r = −0.566, r = -0.669, respectively). Seventeen patients (85%) were level five of MMT in eversion strength. Following treatment, six patients (30%) returned to competitive sports, while 10 (50%) who, prior to the injury and surgery, were involved in recreational activities, returned to similar activities. The relatively younger group tended to continue sport activities as competitive athletes (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in age at the operation between non-satisfaction group and excellent group (p < 0.05). The under 40-year age group tended to show a poor value. Conclusion: Recreational athletes and non-athletes could return to their sports activities satisfactorily, while young competitive athletes found difficulties in certain actions, especially related to eversion. Keywords: Chronic Achilles tendon rupture, long-term effects, peroneus brevis transfer, sports activities "Efectos a Largo Plazo del Tratamiento de la Ruptura Crónica del Tendón de Aquiles Mediante Reconstrucción con Transferencia del Peroneo Corto en las Actividades Deportivas" T Kosaka, K Yamamoto RESUMEN Objetivo: Este estudio reporta efectos a largo plazo del tratamiento de la ruptura crónica del tendón de Aquiles mediante reconstrucción con transferencia del peroneo corto (TPC) en actividades deportivas, sobre la base de un estudio de seguimiento de aproximadamente 10 años. Métodos: Veinte pacientes (6 mujeres y 14 hombres; edad promedio, 43 ± 12.85 años en el momento de la operación) fueron sometidos a una reparación de ruptura crónica del tendón de Aquiles con un seguimiento promedio de 164.05 ± 5.07 meses. Siete estaban en medio de competencias deportivas, 10 participaban en actividades recreativas, y tres estaban fuera de toda actividad deportiva. Todos los pacientes eran los asiáticos. Los resultados se evaluaron usando la prueba de Cybex para medir la fuerza, la puntuación de la escala de la Sociedad Ortopédica Americana de Pie y Tobillo (AOFAS) para la valoración quirúrgica, la prueba muscular manual (PMM), y la evaluación integral de la satis-facción y las actividades deportivas. Resultados: La prueba de Cybex indicó una ganancia promedio de 87.05 ± 14.83% en fuerza de dorsiflexión (rango 65–110%) y 98.05 ± 9.02% en fuerza de flexión plantar (rango 85%–120%). El promedio de la puntuación de la escala de AOFAS fue 86.9 ± 7.27. No se produjeron re-rupturas post-operatorias, ni recurrencias, ni complicaciones de heridas. La fuerza de flexión plantar y la puntuación de la escala AOFAS fueron puestas en correlación negativa con la edad al momento de la operación (r = −0.566, r = -0.669, respectivamente). Diecisiete pacientes (85%) alcanzaron el nivel cinco de la PMM en fuerza de eversión. Tras el tratamiento, seis pacientes (30%) se reintegraron a las compe-tencias deportivas, mientras que 10 (50%) que antes de la lesión y la cirugía participaban en actividades recreativas, se reincorporaron a actividades similares. El grupo relativamente más joven tiende a continuar las actividades deportivas como atletas de competencia (p < 0.05). Se observaron diferencias significativas en edad en la operación entre el grupo sin satisfacción y el grupo excelente (p < 0.05). El grupo por debajo de los 40 años de edad mostró valores más pobres como tendencia. Conclusión: Tanto los atletas de actividades recreativas como los no atletas, pudieron regresar a sus actividades deportivas satisfactoriamente, mientras que los competidores jóvenes encontraron difi-cultades en ciertas acciones, en particular las relacionadas con la eversión. Palabras claves: Ruptura crónica del tendón de Aquiles, efectos a largo plazo, transferencia del peroneo corto, actividades deportiva

    Persistent Hypokalaemia in a Jamaican Hypertensive Patient

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    We report the case of a 48-year old man with uncontrolled hypertension and persistent hypokalaemia from an aldosterone producing adrenal adenoma treated by laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Clinicians’ identification of primary hyperaldosteronism is critical as the correct treatment results in improved blood pressure control and reduced risk of complications. Keywords: Caribbean, diagnosis, hyperaldosteronism, primary, therapy "Hipocalemia Persistente en un Paciente Hipertenso Jamaicano" C Potu, H Mohammed, MK Tulloch-Reid RESUMEN Reportamos el caso de un hombre de 48 años de edad con hipertensión descontrolada e hipocalemia persistente a partir de un adenoma suprarrenal productor de aldosterona, tratado mediante adena-lectomía laparoscópica. La identificación de hiperaldosteronismo primario por parte de los clínicos es fundamental, ya que el tratamiento correcto trae como resultado un mejor control de la presión san-guínea a la par que reduce el riesgo de complicaciones. Palabras claves: Caribe, diagnóstico, hiperaldosteronismo primario, terapi

    Multiple Myeloma Associated with Light-Chain Amyloidosis Manifesting as Gastric Retention: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

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    We report a case of multiple myeloma associated with light-chain amyloidosis in a 62-year old woman. The patient came to hospital with the main complaint of epigastric pain and gastroscopy showed gastric retention. The patient had been diagnosed with multiple myeloma associated with light-chain amyloidosis after biopsy of the gastric mucosa and bone marrow aspirate. A review of the literature was also performed. Keywords: Amyloidosis, gastric retention, multiple myeloma "Mielona Múltiple Asociado con Amiloidosis de Cadenas Ligeras Manifestada como Retención Gástrica: Reporte de Caso y Revisión de la Literatura" W Liu, X Zhou RESUMEN Se reporta el caso de un mieloma múltiple asociado con amiloidosis de cadenas ligeras en una mujer de 62 años de edad. La paciente acudió al hospital aquejada principalmente por un dolor epigástrico y la gastroscopía mostró retención gástrica. A la paciente le había sido diagnosticado un mieloma múltiple asociado con una amiloidosis de cadenas ligeras luego de practicársele una biopsia de la mucosa gástrica y aspirado de la médula ósea. También se realizó una revisión de la literatura. Palabras claves: amiloidosis, retención gástrica, mieloma múltipl

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