IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)
Not a member yet
205 research outputs found
Sort by
In silico screening of natural compounds from Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae, Linn) and Jatropha gossypifolia (Euphorbiaceae, Linn) against SARS-CoV2, a COVID-19 main protease, using molecular docking approach
No full textSARS-Cov2, the COVID-19 main protease is set to be a good target for potential inhibitors especially from plants. 6LU7, the crystal structure of COVID-19 has been used for docking with natural compounds from Jatropha curcas and Jatropha gossypifolia. The following compounds identified within J. curcas have given good binding affinities than Azythromycin (control sample): 2-methyl anthraquinone, Curcusone D, Palmarumycin CP1, Apigenin, Jatropholone A, Jatropholone B, Spirocurcasone and Multidione. The best score is for Palmarumycin CP1 -8.2 Kcal/mol. All these compounds are R05 satisfied, good HIA scores and good pharmacokinetic properties. In J.gossypifolia, 2,24,25-Trihydroxylanosta-1,7-dien-3-one ; Cleomiscosin A, Citlalitrione, Gossypifan, Jatrophenone, Jatropholone A, Jatropholone B, Gadain, Gossypidien, Falodone and Gossypiline are having good binding affinities than Azythromycin (control sample). The best score is for Cleomiscosin A -8.2 Kcal/mol. All these compounds are R05 satisfied, good HIA scores and good pharmacokinetic properties. This study has shown anti-COVID-19 potential of these two plants
Design of Dry Cell HHO Generator using NaCl Solution for Hydrogen Production
Full text linkExcessive use of electricity produces emissions, as well as carbon will have impact on global warming because electricity mostly still using fossil-based energy. Usage of other alternative energy is beneficial to reduce dependence on the use of fossil fuels. Researchers are currently working to reduce the use of fossil energy by using renewable energy. Among the most common alternative energies found is water, so this research focuses on designing dry cell type HHO (Hydrogen Hydrogen Oxygen) Generator technology with hydrogen gas water electrolysis. The HHO generator functions to break water (H2O) into hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms, known as HHO. Electrolysis testing using NaCl and a storage tube to see the rise and fall of water from the gas produced. NaCl used weighing 20 grams, 50 grams, 75 grams, and 100 grams dissolved in 500 cc of water. The results of the data obtained, many uses of NaCl produce hydrogen gas faster, the data shows 100 grams of NaCl at 180-210 seconds produces a gas volume of 175 CC compared to 20 grams produces a gas volume of 75 CC, 50 grams produces 125 CC, and 75 grams produces 150 C
Production of Bioethanol from Sugarcane Bagasse with Variations in Yeast Mass
No full textEnergy availability is an absolute requirement in national development efforts at present or in the future. The existence of limited energy sources, while the need continues to increase requires alternative sources of fossil energy. Bioethanol is one of the bioenergy which is an alternative to replace the use of fossil fuels. This research aims to obtain bioethanol by utilizing bagasse as raw material. The manufacture of bioethanol consists of several stages, among others, preparation of raw materials by drying bagasse and then mashing it to obtain bagasse with a size of 100 mesh, thermal hydrolysis process with the help of sulfuric acid solution with varying concentrations, fermentation process carried out with the help of yeast, distillation process, and content analysis. ethanol. The method used is hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. Furthermore, the hydrolysis with sulfuric acid at 150 oC for 1 hour to form a slurry. The fermentation process uses a mass variation of yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae with a variation of 6.75, 8.75, 11.25, 13.75, and 16.25 g for 4 days with pH 5, room temperature and anaerobically. The best bioethanol content in the study with a mass variation of the yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae with a pH of 5 and a fermentation time of 4 days was 98.93% with a yield of 57.6 mLKeywords: Bagasse, Bioethanol, Saccha sromyces cereviceae, Yeast mass, Fermentatio
Preconcentration of Cadmium assisted with sonication using Dowex 50WX2-200 Resin
Full text linkPreconcentration of Cd in water has been carried out using Dowex 50WX2-200 resin as a solid phase extractor. The extraction process was carried out with a sonicator. Elution of Cd which was adsorbed by the resin was released again using 1M HNO3, then Cd was measured using Flame-Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. In this study, the effects of pH, sample solutian sonication time, elution time of Cd adsorbed and eluent volume were studied. The results of the optimization of preconcentration conditions were obtained at pH 3, the duration of the sonication process for Cd adsorption was 15 minutes and the elution time was 7.5 minutes and the eluent volume of 1M HNO3 was 10 ml. Method validation was carried out using a Certificate Reference Material, CRM for clean water at optimum conditions. The Accuracy and precision measurement results were obtained 96% recovery and 11% RSD (n=3) which showed the accuracy still in the ranges of acceptance criteria according to the AOAC, between 70% -125 and precision with % RSD < CV Horwitz 14%. Finally, preconcentration of Cd metal in water was successfully with sonicator assistedKeywords: Cd, Dowex 50WX2-200, Flame-SSA
Standardization in ethanolic extract of Paronema canescens leaves
No full textThe development of traditional medicinal plants as raw materials for herbal drugs needs to be standardized. The aim of the research was to standardise ethanol extract of Paronema. canescens leaves. The extract was determined specific and non-specific parameters. The organoleptic of extract has a thick consistency, the colour dark brown has a characteristic non-aromatic odour, and has a slightly bitter taste. The soluble content in water and ethanol of 48.1% and 80. 3%, respectively. The extract contains triterpenoid compounds, steroids, flavonoids and phenols with water content was 8.33%, total ash content of 5.36%, acid insoluble ash content of 2.16%, drying shrinkage of 8.0%, specific gravity of 1.255 g/ml, metal contamination Pb < 0.0628 mg/g, Cd 0.0077 mg/Kg and Cu 0.00282 mg/g, total bacterial of 0.9 x 101 colonies/g and mould contamination with a value of 0.15 x 101 colonies/g, respectively. Based on the data, all the parameters were measured to meet the standardKeywords: Paronema canescens, standardised, specific parameter, non specific paramete
Coating of Nanotube Ti6Al4V Alloy with Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan-Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite
Full text linkHydroxyapatite (HAp) can be applied as a bone implant material. HAp was composited with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and coated to Ti6Al4V to improve its biocompatibility. The composite HAp-chitosan-PVA coated to anodized and unanodized Ti6Al4V. Modification of the Ti6Al4V surface by anodizing was done using a 20 V voltage. The Ti6Al4V metal alloy was coated with a composite using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method with a voltage of 80 V. The coated composites in Ti6Al4V nanotubes and non-nanotubes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), corrosion test with potentiostat, and in vitro bioactivity test with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The XRD results showed a distinctive peak indicating that the composite comprises HAp and Ti. The SEM Ti6Al4V nanotube results show a pore size of 24 nm. The FTIR results show that there were functional groups of HAp, chitosan, and PVA. The corrosion rate on Ti6Al4V nanotubes without coating was greater than with coating. The In vitro bioactivity test showed that the decrease of Ca2+ Ti6Al4V nanotube concentration was faster compared to non-nanotube Ti6Al4V
Utilization of Polypropylene (PP) Plastic Waste with Waste Oil Palm Empty Brunch for an Alternative Fuels
No full textThe need for plastic corresponds with the annual rise in population. Meanwhile, plastic waste that is improperly managed can negatively influence the environment. Therefore, a more promising alternative recycling process is needed to convert this waste into oil by cracking, and the process is possibly assisted by adding empty palm oil bunches. This study examines how modifications in the ratio of oil palm empty bunches to Polypropylene (PP) plastic waste influence the percent liquid produced by cracking and the heating value during the process. It is a completely randomized design (CRD) with variations in the ratio of plastic raw materials: oil palm empty fruit bunches 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 at a temperature of 450°C and 40 minutes duration. This resulted in liquid conversion from cracking of 80% at 1:1 of PP: TTKS 1:1. However, the addition of oil palm empty fruit bunches to polypropylene polymers does not affect the increase in the percent conversion outcomes. The results of the heat test analysis show the value of 6.681 MJ/kg and 1.512 MJ/kg. Keywords: Cracking, catalytic cracking, polypropylene plastic, biomass, alternative energ
Features of Vespa affinis Nest Based on X-ray Diffraction, Spectroscopic, and Surface Morphological Studies
Full text linkThe main focus of this research is to ascertain the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic pattern, and surface morphology of a hornet (Vespa affinis) nest. The optical microscopic(OM) analysis demonstrated that the nest presented an irregular formation of partition materials. This was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed the presence of a unique form with a honeycomb-like pattern. Meanwhile, the materials largely consisted of carbon and oxygen elements, as was revealed by the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, while the XRD analysis indicated that the nest was composed of amorphous materials of cellulose and lignin. Finally, the (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of a number of peaks, which indicated that the material also consisted of a mixture of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin materials. It is envisaged that these results would widen the possibilities of fundamental scientific research on forest products, particularly the use of the V. affinis nest for further biological and chemical research
POME Processing with Bioremediation Using Indigenous Bacteria (Bacillus toyonensis and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila), Electrocoagulation, and Bioremediation assisted with Electrocoagulation Methods
No full textPalm oil mill effluent (POME) is wastewater containing dissolved materials with concentrations above the threshold. Generally, POME processing in Indonesia uses an open pond system. It is less efficient because it requires large areas and causing greenhouse gas effects. This research aims to improve the POME processing, three methods were studied; bioremediation using enrich indigent lypholitics bacteria (Bacillus toyonensis and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila.), electrocoagulation system, and combination of those methods. The parameters were measured were oil and fat contents, COD, pH, TSS, TDS, Fe and Cu metals. In the electrocoagulation method, the electrodes were used iron electrodes with a variation of electrical voltage 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 V. The bioremediation using indigent bacteria results in the removal of oil and fat -74.62%, COD -52.44%, TSS -43.11% and pH 6.38 at the incubation time for 6 days, TDS 21.42%, Fe -5.3% and Cu -64.70%. The electrocoagulation methods results oil and fat removal were -93.27%, COD was -85.71%, TDS -39%, TSS -84%, Cu -46%, Fe +92.35%, and pH 11.39 at a voltage of 6 V for 6 h. The combination of the two methods can reduce oil and fat levels by -87.39%, COD -56.70%, TDS -0.42%, TSS +15.88%, Cu -23.33%, Fe +93.74% and pH 8.82. The three methods were studied can improve the POME processing significantly
Synthesis and Characterization Catalyst γ-Al2O3 and Al/γ-Al2O3 using XRD Analysis
Full text linkCatalysts have an essential role in chemical processes because they can control reactions and produce the desired product. In general, catalysts function to speed up chemical reactions that can take place by lowering the activation energy. By decreasing the activation energy, the minimum energy required for the collision is reduced so that the reaction can occur faster. Selection of the suitable material to be used as a catalyst is an effort that must be made to achieve a successful process and obtain cost efficiency. The choice of material as metal and support was the aim of this research. Aluminum (Al) was the material chosen as metal and γ-Al2O as the support. The method used in the synthesis of this catalyst was dry impregnation. It is hoped that more metal will stick to the support. In this study, catalyst synthesis was carried out with two variations of treatment. The first treatment was using Al as metal and γ-Al2O3 as the support. The second treatment did not use metal only γ-Al2O3 as the support. The resulting material was characterized by XRD analysis. The analysis found that in the diffractogram pattern of Al /γ-Al2O3, the peaks appeared at 2θ = 37o; 46o and 67o. The impregnation process went well. Aluminum was evenly distributed (sticks) to the pore surface of the support and entered the poresKeywords: Catalyst, metal-support, Al/γ-Al2O3, dry impregnation, XR