IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)
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Removal of COD and TSS From Dye Solution Using Sand Filtration and Adsorption
Full text linkAbstract: This research was conducted in order to obtain proper compositions and the standard condition for the simple filtration equipments and optimum operational conditions in adsorption column. The research was carried out by analyzing parameters COD and TSS. The result showed that the process was able to reduced parameters observed from filtration step until the process in adsorptions column. The optimum conditions for sand filter equipment were 10 cm sand height, at least 7 cm fibers, 3-4 cm gravel. In the adsorption column, the optimum conditions for green waste water were flow rate at 40 ml/min 60 min adsorptions time, and 60 cm bed height. While purple for waste water; 20 mL/min of flowrate, 60 min of adsorption time, and the 60 cm of bed heightKey words: dye solution, COD, TSS, sand filtration, adsorption column Abstrak (Indonesian): Penelitian mengenai pengolahan limbah cair hasil pencelupan benang songket dengan metode filtrasi dan adsorpsi telah dilaksanakan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposisi dan ukuran yang tepat bagi alat penyaring sederhana dan mendapatkan kondisi operasi yang tepat bagi kolom adsorpsi. Parameter pengamatan adalah kadar COD dan TSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi penurunan kadar limbah sejak tahap penyaringan hingga proses di kolom adsorpsi. Kondisi optimum alat penyaring sederhana adalah ketebalan pasir 10 cm, ijuk minimal 7 cm, kerikil 3-4 cm dan penambahan tawas sebanyak 2g/L limbah. Pada kolom adsorpsi kondisi optimum adalah kecepatan alir 40 mL/menit, waktu tinggal di kolom 60 menit dan ketinggian unggun batubara 60 cm.Kata kunci: limbah cair pencelupan, bahan-bahan berbahaya, filtrasi pasir, kolom adsorps
The influence of time reaction to characteristic of methyl ester sulfonate from seed oil ketapang
No full textThe aim of the present work was to The Preparation of Methyl Ester Sulfonate From Ketapang Seed Oil As Surfactant. The research is to determine the optimum condition synthesis of methyl ester sulfonate surfactant with reaction time variations (3.5; 4.0; 4.5; 5.0; 5.5 hours). The methyl ester from ketapang seed oil were analysis by GC-MS and identified methyl ester sulfonate by using FTIR spectroscopy. The methyl ester from ketapang seed oil showed containing of methyl palmitoleic, methyl linoleic, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleic, methyl palmitolenat and methyl eicosenoate. The optimum condition of methyl ester sulfonate at reaction time 4.5 hours with the mass of methyl ester sulfonate 34,85 g. For the FTIR spectra of sulfonate group is indicated by shifting of wave number at 1118.71cm-1 until 1029.1 cm-1. The characteristics of methyl ester sulfonate at the optimum reaction time have emulsion stability 71.684%, density 0.8714 g/mL, surface tension 36.232 dyne/cm, and maximum absorbance 1.428 at the maximum wavelength 660 nm. Keywords: Surfactant, methyl ester sulfonate, time reaction, ketapang seed oi
Fatty Acid and Alkenil Glycoside from the Fruits of Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Linn)
Full text linkTwo compounds were isolated from methanol extract of mengkudu fruit (Morinda.citrifolia Linn). The extraction was conducted by maceration, while separation and purification using several chromatographic techniques. The compound structures were determined by spectral data including IR, 1H-NMR and GC-MS. Compound 1 was a mixture of 7 fatty acids with hexadecanoic acid as a primarily, meanwhile compound 2 was a mixture of an alkenyl glycoside with an aromatic.Keywords: Morinda citrifolia, asam lemak, alkenil glikosida(Indonesian) Dua senyawa telah diisolasi dari ekstrak metanol buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Linn). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi yang dilanjutkan dengan pemisahan dan pemurnian dengan menggunakan berbagai teknik kromatografi. Struktur senyawa ditentukan berdasarkan data-data spektroskopi yaitu IR, 1H-NMR dan GC-MS. Senyawa 1 merupakan campuran dari tujuh asam lemak dengan kandungan utama asam heksadekanoat sedangkan senyawa 2 merupakan campuran alkenil glikosida dengan senyawa aromatik.Kata kunci: Morinda citrifolia, asam lemak, alkenil glikosid
The Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Chito−Oligosaccharide on Antibacterial Activity and Organic Acid Production
Full text linkThe effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus combined with and without Chito-Oligosaccharide (COS) on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus had been studied. The antibacterial activity of L. acidophilus before and after combination with COS 0.2% was tested on bacteria of E. coli and S. aureus with well-diffusion method. Incubation time was carried out in 44, 46, 48, 50, and 52 hours. Organic acids produced by L. acidophilus bacteria was measured by HPLC. The result showed that COS 0.2% can inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus 37.2 mm2 and 52 mm2 respectively. Combination of L. acidophilus and COS 0.2% gave inhibition zone larger than L. acidophilus without COS 0.2%. Incubation time within 48 hours of L. acidophilus combined with COS 0.2% produced the largest inhibition zone against E. coli and S. aureus 367.92 mm2 and 343.99 mm2 respectively. Optical density measurement resulted in higher value for combination one but concentration of organic acid produced was lower compare to L. acidophilus without COS 0.2%.Keywords: COS, L. acidophilus, Organic acid, antibacterial
Optimization Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment By Applying RSM And ANN
Full text linkAbstractThe optimization of the COD removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME) has done. The correlation of concentration and pH of POME, and Trans membrane pressure (TMP) of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane was optimized by response surface method using a second order polynomial model with Box Behken design consist of 17 runs. To determine whether the model was adequate for representing the experimental data; it was indicated by the ANNOVA table (p-value, lack of fit and R2 values). The main factor influenced the COD removal was concentration and pH of POME. The optimum conditions were determined from 3D response surface and 2D contour graphs i.e. 28.30% of POME concentration at pH 10.75 and TMP 0.69 kPa to yield 24.1372 mg/L of COD value. The results demonstrate that the response surface method effective to minimize the number of experiment. Keywords: POME; RO membrane; RSM; ANN; CO