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The Influence Of Trusting Beliefs And Intention To Continue Purchasing on E-Commerce Shopee
Full text linkPurpose: This research aims to determine the influence of trusting beliefs and intentions on people to continue making purchases on Shopee e-commerce. As time progresses, there are more and more other digital platforms that can also make it easier for people to make purchases. However, this research specifically discusses whether the e-commerce platform can be trusted by old and new consumers through 5 variables, namely Competence, Integrity, Virtue, Purchase Intention, Purchase and Post Purchase.
Method: The sampling technique for this research is non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. The sample used in this research was 267 respondents with the criteria of being aged 17 years and over and who had purchased Scarlett Whitening products on Shopee e-commerce in the last 3 months.
Result: The findings of this study indicate that two hypotheses were not supported: the effect of integrity on purchase intentions, and the effect of integrity on purchases and post-purchase behavior through purchase intentions. In contrast, five hypotheses were supported. These include the effect of competence on purchase intentions, the effect of benevolence on purchase intentions, the effect of purchase intentions on purchases and post-purchase behavior, the effect of competence on purchases and post-purchase behavior through purchase intentions, and the effect of benevolence on purchases and post-purchase behavior through purchase intentions. Based on these findings, it is recommended that official Scarlett Whitening stores operating on the Shopee platform improve their consistency in serving both new and existing customers
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Serum Antijerawat yang Mengandung Minyak Atsiri Bunga Lawang (Illicium verum Hook. f.)
Full text linkAcne vulgaris merupakan peradangan unit polisebasea yang sering dikaitkan dengan infeksi Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). Penggunaan antibakteri topikal seperti klindamisin secara berlebihan telah menyebabkan resistensi C. acnes, sehingga diperlukan alternatif pengobatan. Minyak atsiri bunga lawang (Illicium verumHook. f.) mengandung trans-anetol yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, namun belum banyak diteliti terhadap C. acnes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri bunga lawang terhadap C. acnes, menentukan nilai Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), serta mengembangkan formula serum topikal yang optimal dan efektivitas antibakteri serum minyak atsiri bunga lawang. Metode yang digunakan meliputi uji difusi agar dan makrodilusi. Kontrol positif berupa gel 1% klindamisin, sedangkan kontrol negatif menggunakan DMSO 100% dan formula tanpa minyak atsiri. Minyak atsiri konsentrasi 100% menunjukkan zona hambat terbesar 12,875 ± 0,609 mm. MIC tercatat sebesar 1,56%, sedangkan MBC >25%. Formula serum terbaik adalah F2 yang mengandung 5% minyak atsiri, dengan hasil evaluasi mutu organoleptis berupa cair agak kental berwarna putih dengan aroma khas bunga lawang, homogen, pH 4,947, tipe emulsi m/a, belum memenuhi syarat untuk viskositas dan daya sebar serta mempunyai zona hambat 7,558 ± 0,319 mm. Hasil ini menunjukkan potensi minyak atsiri sebagai antibakteri alternatif dalam pengobatan jerawat.
Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous unit frequently associated with Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) infection. Excessive use of topical antibiotics such as clindamycin has led to the emergence of resistant C. acnes strains, necessitating alternative therapeutic approaches. Illicium verum essential oil, known for its high trans-anethole content, possesses antibacterial properties, though its efficacy against C. acnes remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of I. verum essential oil against C. acnes, determine its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and develop an optimized topical serum formulation. Antibacterial activity was assessed using agar diffusion and macro-dilution methods. A 1% clindamycin gel served as the positive control, while 100% DMSO and a base formulation without essential oil were used as negative controls. The 100% essential oil exhibited the largest inhibition zone (12.875 ± 0.609 mm), with an MIC of 1.56% and MBC >25%. The optimal serum formulation (F2) contained 5% essential oil and showed desirable organoleptic properties, pH 4.947, oil-in-water emulsion type, though it did not meet the criteria for viscosity and spreadability. Its antibacterial zone was 7.558 ± 0.319 mm. These findings indicate the potential of I. verum essential oil as an alternative antibacterial agent for acne treatment.
Submitted: 16-08-2024, Revised: 16-12-2024, Accepted: 21-04-2025, Published regularly: June 202
Development of A Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Atenolol using Soybean Oil, Olive Oil and Virgin Coconut Oil
Full text linkOral formulations remain the primary method of drug delivery, however, the solubility and lipophilicity of compounds such as atenolol present significant obstacles. Atenolol, a β1-selective antihypertensive agent, exhibits limited solubility in both aqueous and gastrointestinal environments. Atenolol is developed in a lipid-based delivery system, specifically the Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS), to enhance its bioavailability and resolve this issue. SNEDDS can improve drug solubility by generating spontaneous nanoemulsions in the gastrointestinal tract. This study aims to evaluate and improve the main components of SNEDDS, specifically oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, according to the parameters of % transmittance, polydispersity index (PI), and zeta potential. The research findings suggest that the nine formulas have not yet achieved the optimal attributes concerning clarity and durability against dilution. Differences in oil types and amounts of surfactants and cosurfactants influence droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Formulas 2 (soybean oil), 7, and 9 (olive oil) exhibit physicochemical parameters that meets the criteria and possess potential for further advancement.
Submitted: 10-04-2025, Revised: 22-04-2025, Accepted: 07-05-2025, Published regularly: June 202
Politik Hukum: Sertipikat Elektronik pada Sertipikat Ganda
Full text linkThe use of electronic certificates in land ownership in the digital era offers a modern solution, but also faces challenges in handling cases of dual certificates. This article examines the process of proving electronic certificates when there is a dispute over claims of dual ownership, as well as how legal protection is provided to ensure the validity and security of electronic land certificates. Through a legal analysis, this article discusses verification mechanisms that can strengthen the authenticity of electronic certificates, including the use of technologies such as blockchain as an effort to increase transparency and public trust. In addition, this article also evaluates the guarantee of protection provided for electronic land certificates, which include the arrangement of unique codes, QR codes, and limited access policies on certain applications such as Sentuh Tanahku which can only be accessed by related parties, such as the government, Notaries, and PPAT. Obstacles in proving the legality of electronic certificates in court are also discussed, especially regarding the validity of data and the recognition of electronic certificates as valid evidence. By identifying the obstacles and opportunities in the implementation of electronic certificates, this article provides insight into the steps needed so that electronic certificates can become a valid and trusted instrument of proof of land ownership in resolving dual certificate conflicts.
Keywords: Electronic Land Certificate, Overlapping Certificate, Evidence, Legal Certaint
Konflik Norma Hukum pada Pelayanan Hak Tanggungan Elektronik
Full text linkMortgage Rights Services have undergone significant changes in their registration process. This has led to a conflict of legal norms in the implementation of Electronic Mortgage Rights Services (HT-El) in Indonesia, especially regarding the dualism in the registration process involving Land Deed Officials (PPAT) and creditors. This study uses a normative-empirical legal approach by combining analysis of laws and regulations. The transition from conventional procedures as stipulated in Law No. 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights to a fully digital system through Permen ATR/BPN No. 9 of 2019 and No. 5 of 2020 has resulted in inconsistencies in norms and legal uncertainty. Although HT-El is expected to increase efficiency, transparency, and accessibility, this system raises issues related to dualism of roles, data security, and the legal force of electronic documents. This study identifies the main conflicts in the roles of PPAT and creditors, the validity of electronic signatures, and the legal standing of certificates issued digitally. System changes also pose risks in the priority of mortgage rights and the implementation of collateral execution due to the lack of synchronization between old laws and new regulations. Although HT-El is an innovative step in public service, regulatory harmonization is needed to provide legal certainty and protection for the parties involved. Recommendations in this study include legal reform, strengthening coordination between institutions, and establishing clear procedural standards to minimize risks in the electronic mortgage registration process
A Case Report Capecitabine-Induce Grade II Hand and Foot Syndrome
Full text linkAbstract—Capecitabine has a common side effect of hand and foot syndrome (HFS). It is cutaneous capecitabine’s adverse effect, which generally occurs within 11 to 360 days. In this case report assesses the delayed onset of capecitabine because HFS did not occur within 11-360 days but rather took longer, specifically 720 days. A female patient of 82 years old with a history of breast cancer was diagnosed four years ago. She did not undergo radiation and surgery, only capecitabine tablets as neoadjuvant therapy since April 2021. In August 2023, the patient complained of pain, dryness, and blood in both legs. Analysis of side effects of the drug was carried out using the Naranjo Probability Scale. Therapy management during hospitalization involves stopping capecitabine and performing wound care by applying fusidic acid cream and the patient's complaints improved on the eleventh day of therapy. Capecitabine discontinuation is the most effective strategy to minimize the effect of HFS. Further research is to determine the effectiveness of emollient application as a prevention for HFS.
Keywords: adverse effects, capecitabine, hand and foot syndrome
Abstrak—Sindrom tangan dan kaki efek samping yang sering terjadi pada penggunaan kapesitabine. Efek samping ini merupakan efek samping pada kulit yang terjadi dalam jangka waktu 11 hingga 360 hari. Pada case report ini efek samping tidak terjadi dalam jangka waktu 11-360 hari, terjadi keterlambatan reaksi yang berlangsung pada 720 hari setelah penggunaan kapesitabin. Seorang pasien perempuan berusia 82 tahun dengan riwayat kanker payudara didiagnosis empat tahun lalu. Pasien tidak menjalani radiasi dan operasi, hanya mengonsumsi tablet kapesitabin sebagai terapi neoadjuvan sejak April 2021. Pada Agustus 2023, pasien mengeluhkan nyeri, kulit kering, dan berdarah pada kedua kakinya. Analisis efek samping obat dilakukan dengan menggunakan Skala Probabilitas Naranjo. Penatalaksanaan terapi selama rawat inap meliputi penghentian kapesitabin dan perawatan luka dengan krim asam fusidat dan keluhan pasien membaik di hari ke-11 terapi. Penghentian kapesitabin merupakan strategi yang paling efektif untuk meminimalkan efek HFS. Penelitian selanjutnya adalah untuk menentukan efektivitas pemberian emolien sebagai pencegahan HFS.
Kata kunci: efek samping, kapesitabin, sindrom kaki dan tanga
GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR PEKERJA MUDAH SEKTOR RETAIL YANG DIMEDIASI KNOWLEDGE SHARING
Full text linkAbstract—The Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) exhibited by fresh graduate employees is crucial for companies as a strategy for success in today's competitive business environment. IWB can be influenced by transformational leadership and knowledge sharing. This research aims to examine the relationship between transformational leadership and Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) among fresh graduate employees in the retail industry. This study also tests the mediating role of knowledge sharing in this relationship. The research employs a quantitative method with accidental sampling involving 104 respondents of fresh graduate workers. The study utilizes the Innovative Work Behavior Scale (IWBS), Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5x (MLQ 5x), and Knowledge Management Scan (KMS) as measurement tools. Data is collected through questionnaires and analyzed using regression analysis. The findings of the study reveal a positive relationship between transformational leadership and Innovative Work Behavior (IWB). The study also confirms that knowledge sharing plays a significant mediating role (p < 0.05) in this relationship. The implications of these findings are valuable for the retail industry in formulating strategies to enhance the innovative work behavior of new graduate employees. The role of knowledge sharing as a mediator in this study is partial in connecting transformational leadership and Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) (z= 5.731; p=0.001). Hypothesis testing supports previous research findings, confirming that transformational leadership supports the practice of knowledge sharing (KS) and Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) in the workplace. Thus, this study has both theoretical and practical benefits for universities, employees, and company leaders in the retail sector.
Keywords: transformational leadership, innovative work behavior (iwb), fresh graduate, retail & fmcg, knowledge sharing
Abstrak—Penelitian Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) yang dimiliki oleh pekerja fresh graduates dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan sebagai strategi keberhasilan persaingan kompetitif pada era saat ini. Innovative Work Behavior sendiri dapat dipengaruhi oleh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dan knowledge sharing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara kepemimpinan transformasional dan innovative work behavior (IWB) pada karyawan fresh graduates di industri retail. Studi ini juga menguji peran mediasi knowledge sharing dalam hubungan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif dengan accidental sampling yang melibatkan 104 responden pekerja fresh graduates. Penelitian dilakukan dengan alat ukur Innovative Work Behavior Scale (IWBS), Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5x (MLQ 5x), dan Knowledge Management Scan (KMS). Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan analisis regresi . Temuan penelitian menunjukkan hubungan positif antara kepemimpinan transformasional dan innovative work behavior (IWB). Studi ini juga mengkonfirmasi bahwa knowledge sharing berperan sebagai mediator yang signifikan (p <0,05) dalam hubungan tersebut. Implikasi temuan ini berguna bagi industri retail untuk merumuskan strategi meningkatkan perilaku kerja inovatif karyawan baru lulus. Peran knowledge sharing sebagai mediator pada penelitian ini bersifat parsial dalam menghubungkan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dan innovative work behavior (IWB) (z= 5,731 ; p=0,001). Uji hipotesis mendukung temuan penelitian sebelumnya, mengonfirmasi bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional mendukung praktik knowledge sharing (KS) dan innovative work behavior (IWB) di tempat kerja, sehingga memiliki manfaat teoritis dan praktis bagi universitas, pekerja, atasan perusahaan sektor retail.
Kata kunci: transformational leadership, innovative work behavior(iwb), fresh graduate, retail & fmcg, knowledge sharin
Molecular Docking Analysis of Compounds in Coleus blumei Leaves as Potential Antibiotics Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Full text linkThis study investigated the potential of phytochemical compounds from Coleus blumei leaves as anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) candidates through a validated molecular docking and absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion-toxicology (ADMET)-based screening approach. The ligand structures were energy-minimized using MMFF94 followed by PM7 to obtain stable conformers prior to docking. Protein targets consisted of PBP2a and the extracellular antibiotic-sensing domain of MecR1 (benzylpenicilloyl- and oxacilloyl-acylated forms), both of which play central roles in the mecA-mediated resistance pathway of MRSA. Docking simulations were performed using AutoDock Vina v1.2.7 and validated through redocking of co-crystallized ligands, yielding RMSD values <2.0 Å. Among the eight tested compounds, Hexahydro-3H-1[2’-trifluoromethyl]-6’[4’’-trifluoromethylphenyl]- exhibited the strongest binding affinities, surpassing reference β-lactam antibiotics and demonstrating key interactions with residues involved in allosteric activation of PBP2a and ligand sensing in MecR1. ADMET predictions further supported its drug-likeness and safety profile, although experimental confirmation remains necessary. These findings highlight this compound as a promising anti-MRSA lead candidate and underscore the need for subsequent in vitro and in vivo evaluations to substantiate its mechanistic and therapeutic potential
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Tigaron (Crateva religiosa G.Forst) terhadap Bakteri Shigella dysentriae dan Salmonella typhi
Full text linkTigaron (Crateva religiosa G.Forst) merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak tersebar di pulau Kalimantan. Secara tradisional tumbuhan ini dimanfaatkan masyarakat untuk membantu mengobati diare yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung serta mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etil asetat daun tigaron (C. religiosa G.Forst) terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae dan Salmonella typhi. Metode yang digunakan ialah difusi sumuran dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak 0,31 mg/mL; 1,55 mg/mL; 7,75mg/mL; 38,75 mg/mL dan 193,75 mg/mL. Ciprofloxacin 5 μg/disk digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan Na-CMC 0,5% sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian pada konsentrasi tertinggi 193,75 mg/mL terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae menunjukkan rata-rata diameter zona hambat sebesar 17,98 mm dan pada bakteri Salmonella typhi sebesar 14,38 mm. Seluruh data diuji dengan Mann Whitney, didapatkan semua konsentrasi ekstrak etil asetat berbeda signifikan terhadap kontrol positif (p<0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat daun tigaron (Crateva religiosa G.Forst) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae dan Salmonella typhi namun nilainya berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol positif.
Tigaron (Crateva religiosa G. Forst) is a plant widely distributed across the island of Kalimantan. Traditionally, this plant has been utilized by local communities to help treat diarrhea, which can be caused by bacterial infections. This study aims to identify the classes of secondary metabolite compounds contained in the plant and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract of tigaron (Crateva religiosa G. Forst) leaves against Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi. The method used was the well diffusion assay with extract concentrations of 0.31 mg/mL, 1.55 mg/mL, 7.75 mg/mL, 38.75 mg/mL, and 193.75 mg/mL. Ciprofloxacin 5 μg/disk was used as the positive control and 0.5% Na-CMC as the negative control. The results showed that at the highest concentration of 193.75 mg/mL, the ethyl acetate extract produced an average inhibition zone diameter of 17.98 mm against Shigella dysenteriae and 14.38 mm against Salmonella typhi. All data were tested using Mann-Whitney, and all concentrations of ethyl acetate extract were significantly different from the positive control (p≥0.05). This indicates that the ethyl acetate extract of tigaron leaves (Crateva religiosa G.Forst) has antibacterial activity against Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi, but the value is significantly different from the positive control
Anti-Acne Activity of Robusta Green Coffee Bean Extract against Cutibacterium acnes
Full text linkAcne vulgaris, a common chronic skin disorder, is primarily caused by the overgrowth of Cutibacterium acnes and often treated with synthetic agents that may cause side effects and resistance. The increasing demand for therapeutics with improved safety profiles and natural alternatives has encouraged the exploration of herbal remedies, including robusta green coffee beans (Coffea canephora). This study aimed to evaluate the anti-acne activity of robusta coffee bean ethanol extract against C. acnes. The extract was prepared through maceration and subsequently evaluated using to phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography, and in vivo testing on New Zealand rabbits. Results confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids. In vivo assays demonstrated that the 75% extract concentration achieved a 96.69% reduction of acne lesions, comparable to the positive control at 99.35%, while lower concentrations showed moderate activity. These findings highlight the potential of robusta coffee bean extract as a promising natural anti-acne agent. The study implies that robusta extract can be further developed into herbal-based dermatological formulations, although future research should focus on isolating active compounds and conducting clinical trials for broader application