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Oral complications in diabetes mellitus
No full textDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by high blood glucose levels that can lead to various systemic
complications. Among these complications, oral complications play an important role due to the high vascularisation and
innervation of the oral cavity. Regular dental examinations, effective oral hygiene practices and treatments to regulate
blood glucose levels are the main methods that contribute to the effective management of complications. Understanding the
relationship between diabetes mellitus and oral health and implementing preventive strategies are crucial to improve the
overall health and quality of life of individuals with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of these
oral complications and the problems they cause
The effect of local fiscal variables on local economic growth in Türkiye
No full textThe effects of fiscal decentralization, which is a proportional value, on national economic growth and the effects of local expenditures and revenues, which are absolute values, on local economic growth are distinct areas of study. In this study, the effects of local fiscal variables of 81 provinces in Türkiye on local economic growth were tested using the panel data technique for the period 2008–2022. The findings of the study indicate that local tax revenues, transfer revenues (grants) from the central government, population, and the schooling rate have a significant and positive impact on local GDP. The positive impact of local tax revenues is relatively low, with a value close to zero. While the impact of grants is greater than that of tax revenues, it can be said that population and schooling rates have considerable effects. No significant impact of local public expenditures and other local revenues on local GDP was found. The findings indicate that local fiscal variables in Türkiye should undergo structural transformations to eliminate their inadequacy in increasing local economic capacity
Siverek/Takoran Bazalt Sütunları’nın korunması, tanıtımı ve jeoturizme kazandırılması
No full textVolkanik bölgelerde doğa tarihine tanıklık eden özel oluşumlar arasında yer alan bazalt sütunları, yer şekillerinin oluşumuna dair benzersiz bir perspektif sunar. Bu çalışma, Şanlıurfa’nın Siverek ilçesi sınırları içinde, Takoran Vadisi’nin güney kenarında yer alan bazalt sütunları sahasının bilimsel, çevresel ve turistik açıdan önemini vurgulamak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
Henüz yeni keşfedilen bu saha, jeolojik açıdan nadir görülen sütun yapılarıyla
dikkat çekmekte ve korunmaya değer doğal bir miras niteliği taşımaktadır (Şekil 1). Yörenin biyolojik çeşitliliği, peyzaj değeri ve kültürel geçmişiyle birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, bu oluşumlar yalnızca bilimsel çalışmalar açısından değil, sürdürülebilir turizm olanakları açısından da önemli bir potansiyel sunmaktadır. Bu araştırma, bazalt sütunlarının bulunduğu alanın tanımını, mevcut tehditleri, koruma önerilerini ve tanıtım yol haritasını içermekte olup; ilgili kamu kurumlarına, yerel yönetimlere ve doğa koruma alanında çalışan sivil toplum kuruluşlarına konuyla ilgili katkı sunmaya yöneliktir
Harnessing nuclear power for sustainable electricity generation and achieving zero emissions
No full textNuclear power plays a pivotal role in sustainable electricity generation and global net zero emissions, contributing significantly to this secure pathway. Nuclear power capacity is expected to double, escalating from 413 gigawatts (GW) in early 2022 to 812 GW by 2050 within the net zero emissions (NZE) paradigm. The global energy landscape is undergoing significant transformation as nations strive to transition to more sustainable energy systems. Amidst this shift, nuclear power has emerged as a crucial component in the pursuit of a sustainable energy transition. This study examines nuclear power's multifaceted role in shaping sustainable energy transition. It delves into nuclear energy's contributions toward decarbonization efforts, highlighting its capacity to provide low-carbon electricity and its potential role in mitigating climate change. Furthermore, the study explores the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating nuclear power into energy transition strategies, addressing issues such as safety, waste management, and public perception. In conclusion, the global nuclear power capacity is anticipated to reach approximately 530 GW by 2050, representing a substantial shortfall of 35% compared with the trajectory outlined in the NZE pathway. Under the NZE scenario, nuclear power demonstrates exceptional expansion, nearly doubling from 413 GW in early 2022 to 812 GW by 2050. Concurrently, the trajectory highlights a transformative shift in renewable energy investments, with annual expenditures surging from an average of US1.3 trillion between 2031 and 2035. These projections underscore the critical role of nuclear and renewable energy investments in achieving global sustainability and emission reduction goals
Editorial: Acute leukemias: molecular characterization, leukemia-initiating cells, and influence of the microenvironment, volume II
Get PDFAcute leukemia is a wide group of hematologic malignancies that arise from leukemiainitiating
cells (LICs), also known as leukemic stem cells (LSCs), which originate from
transformed hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow. Leukemic cells
accumulate various genetic and epigenetic defects, both inherited from the LICs they
originate from and acquired later. Genetic defects in leukemic cells determine their
biological behavior and, as expected, affect the prognosis of the disease and its response
to treatment. Therefore, molecular characterization of the disease is important for all stages
of the disease, such as predicting prognosis, determining the treatment approach, and
evaluating the possibility of recurrence. In this context, a better understanding of the
molecular mechanisms of acute leukemia will enable the emergence of simpler and more
effective treatment approaches and increase the rate of treated patients
Separation of Line Widths of HOD Peaks of Healthy and Diseased Blood and Urine Groups Using 400 MHz NMR
No full textLine width studies of high field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) peaks have been seen more frequently in the recent literature. This study aims to compare the NMR line widths of HOD peaks of healthy and diseased blood, and densely bloody cysts taken from the jaw. Comparisons of HOD peak line widths in healthy and diseased urine were also made. For this purpose, the blood, serum, and urine of 29 cancer patients, 17 diabetic patients, 28 healthy volunteers, and 20 intensely bloody samples from jaw cysts were collected. Mixtures were prepared by adding the 0.02-mL sample to 0.98 mL D2O. Single-pulse proton NMR measurements were performed at 400 MHz, and line widths were obtained from the half-height of the blood HOD peak. Statistical evaluations show that the line width of cancerous blood is different from normal blood (P = 0.032), while the line width of diabetic blood is not different (p = 0.072), whereas other groups and bloody jaw cysts are completely different (p < 0.05). Similar results were found for urine groups. Line widths show a moderate correlation with each of the albumin and total protein groups (R around 0,56). Present data suggest that a comparison of healthy and diseased body fluids can be made by line width measurements of the HOD peak in the high NMR field. Data also suggest that the relaxivities of albumin (Ser-Alb), total protein (Ser-TP) are potential diagnostic indicators for cancerous blood
Enhancing treatment decisions for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations: A Reinforcement learning approach
No full textBackground: Although higher-generation TKIs are associated with improved progression-free survival in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations, the optimal selection of TKI treatment remains uncertain. To address this gap, we developed a web application powered by a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to assist in guiding initial TKI treatment decisions. Methods: Clinical and mutational data from advanced NSCLC patients were retrospectively collected from 14 medical centers. Only patients with complete data and sufficient follow-up were included. Multiple supervised machine learning models were tested, with the Extra Trees Classifier (ETC) identified as the most effective for predicting progression-free survival. Feature importance scores were calculated by the ETC, and features were then integrated into a Deep Q-Network (DQN) RL algorithm. The RL model was designed to select optimal TKI generation and a treatment line for each patient and was embedded into an open-source web application for experimental clinical use. Results: In total, 318 cases of EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC were analyzed, with a median patient age of 63. A total of 52.2% of patients were female, and 83.3% had ECOG scores of 0 or 1. The top three most influential features identified were neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (log-transformed), age (log-transformed), and the treatment line of TKI administration, as tested by the ETC algorithm, with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.73, whereas the DQN RL algorithm achieved a higher AUC value of 0.80, assigning distinct Q-values across four TKI treatment categories. This supports the decision-making process in the web-based 'EGFR Mutant NSCLC Treatment Advisory System', where clinicians can input patient-specific data to receive tailored recommendations. Conclusions: The RL-based web application shows promise in assisting TKI treatment selection for EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC patients, underscoring the potential for reinforcement learning to enhance decision-making in oncology care
Temperature prediction and performance comparison of permanent magnet synchronous motors using different machine learning techniques for early failure detection
No full textElectric motors are increasingly used in various products, including turbines and electric vehicles. Precise temperature measurement is essential for the safe operation of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. Direct temperature detection of the permanent magnet and stator involves significant costs and hardware requirements. To overcome these challenges, Machine Learning models can eliminate the need for specialized sensors. This study used four diverse regression algorithms: Linear, K-Nearest Neighbor, XGBoost, and AdaBoost. The objective of this study is to model a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor used in electric vehicles and predict the temperatures of some of its parameters. The K-Nearest Neighbor Regressor outperformed the other algorithms, achieving a training accuracy of 99.65%, test accuracy of 98.72%, root- mean-square error of 2.16, R2 score of 98.72, and Cross-Validation R2 of 97.77%. These results enable low-cost, real-time temperature monitoring of electrical machinery, enhancing power density, safety, and efficiency
A Study on the relationship between export behavior and export intensity of SMEs
No full textİhracatın gelişimi ve devamlılığı için ihracat davranışları çok büyük önem taşır. Her işletme içinde bulunduğu özelliklere, yönetim birimlerinin ihracata bakışına, çevresel faktörlerin değişikliklerine göre farklı ihracat davranışları sergiler. Bu çalışma; ortaya çıkan ihracat davranışlarının işletmenin ihracat yoğunluğunu etkileyip etkilemediğini tespit etmek amacı yapılmıştır. Çalışma evrenini Diyarbakır’da bulunan ve ihracat yapan KOBİ’ler oluşturmaktadır. İhracat davranışlarını etkileyen; ürün fiyatlandırma, hammadde etkisi, yatırımın büyüklüğü, nitelikli personel, ürün farklılığı, nakliye süresi ve maliyeti, pazar büyüklüğü, devlet tarafından sağlanan teşvikler, ihracatın gerektirdiği yatırım maliyeti, ihracat bedelini tahsil edememe riski, dağıtım/pazarlama kanalları, rakiplerin durumu, yabancı dil bilen personel durumu, tüketici davranışı, çalışma sermayesi, bürokratik engeller, kur oranları ve Ar-Ge harcamaları gibi faktörlerin ihracat yoğunlukları ile ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, Diyarbakır’da ihracat yapan 91 adet KOBİ oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket kullanılmış olup, kullanılan anket soruları Diyarbakır’da ihracat yapan KOBİ’lere 2024 yılında uygulanmıştır. Bulguların analizi SPSS programı ile yapılmıştır. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre; ihracat yoğunluğu ile yatırımın büyüklüğü, nitelikli personel, nakliye süresi ve maliyeti, ihracatın gerektirdiği yatırım maliyeti, çalışma sermayesi, bürokratik engeller ve kur oranları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları genel olarak literatürdeki çalışmalara paralellik göstermiş olup, ihracat davranışı gösteren KOBİ’lerin ihracat yoğunlukları konusunda elde ettikleri bilgileri işletme faaliyetlerinin her alanında kullanacakları kanaati ile, ihracat yapmayan veya herhangi bir sebeple yapamayan KOBİ’lere olumlu rol model anlayışı geliştirecekleri düşünülmektedir.Export behaviors are of great importance for the development and continuity of exports. Each enterprise exhibits different export behaviors according to its characteristics, the view of the management units on exports, and the changes in environmental factors. This study was conducted to determine whether the export behaviors affect the export intensity of the enterprise. The study population consists of exporting SMEs in Diyarbakır. The relationship between export intensity and factors affecting export behavior such as product pricing, raw material effect, size of investment, qualified personnel, product diversity, transportation time and cost, market size, incentives provided by the government, investment cost required for export, risk of not being able to collect the export price, distribution/marketing channels, competitors, foreign language speaking personnel, consumer behavior, working capital, bureaucratic obstacles, exchange rates and R&D expenditures were evaluated. The sample of the study consists of 91 SMEs exporting in Diyarbakır. A questionnaire was used as the data collection method in the study, the survey questions used in this study were administered to exporting SMEs in Diyarbakır in 2024. The analysis of the findings was made with the SPSS program. According to the results of the analysis; it was determined that there is a significant relationship between export intensity and the size of the investment, qualified personnel, transportation time and cost, investment cost required by exports, working capital, bureaucratic barriers and exchange rates. The results of the research are generally in line with the studies in the literature, and it is thought that SMEs that show export behavior will use the information they have obtained about the export intensity of SMEs that show export behavior in all areas of their business activities and will develop a positive role model understanding for SMEs that do not export or cannot export for any reason
Determination of the effect of welding quality of pure titanium(GR2) and aluminum 2024 material joined by TIG welding on mechanical properties
No full textTitanyum içeren malzemeler üstün mekanik özellikleri nedeniyle yüksek teknoloji içeren alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle havacılık ve uzay sanayi gelişimine paralel olarak kullanımı yüksek teknoloji içeren sanayi ürünlerinde artmıştır. Titreşimli ve yüksek ısıya mukavemet gerektiren bileşen parçalarında yüksek oranda kullanılmaktadır. Kimya, savunma, uzay ve elektrokimya sektörleri asıl kullanım noktalarıdır. Alüminyum alaşımları da aynı şekilde sanayinin gelişimine paralel olarak kullanım alanı artış göstermiştir. Özellikle hafifliği ve korozyon dayanımı bunun en önemli sebeplerindendir. Korozyona karşı dayanımı malzemeyi havacılık sanayisi için kıymetli bir metal haline getirmiştir. Ayrıca otomobil sanayisi gibi alanlarda da kullanımı çok fazladır. Şekil verilebilirliğinin yüksek olması sanayide kullanımını artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada Titanyum (GR2)ve Alüminyum TIG kaynağı uygulanarak birleştirilmiştir. Kaynak işlemi 30,40 ve 50 A akım ve her bir akım için de 10,14 ve 18 Hz pulse frekansı uygulanarak ile yapılmıştır. Akabinde elde edilen 9 adet numuneye çekme testi, x-ray testi ve sertlik testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre akımın ve frekansın kaynağın mekanik özelliklerine etkisi incelenmiştir.Titanium-containing materials are used in high-tech areas due to their superior mechanical properties. Especially in parallel with the development of the aerospace industry, its use has increased in high-tech industrial products. It is highly used in component parts that require vibration and high temperature resistance. Chemistry, defence, space and electrochemistry sectors are the main points of use. Aluminium alloys have also increased in use in parallel with the development of the industry. Especially its lightness and corrosion resistance are the most important reasons for this. Its resistance to corrosion has made the material a valuable metal for the aviation industry. It is also widely used in areas such as the automobile industry. Its high formability has increased its use in industry. In this study, Titanium (GR2) and Aluminium were joined by TIG welding. The welding process was performed by applying 30, 40 and 50 A current and 10, 14 and 18 Hz pulse frequency for each current. Subsequently, tensile test, x-ray test and hardness test were applied to 9 specimens obtained. According to the data obtained, the effect of current and frequency on the mechanical properties of the weld was analysed